• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

Purpose: We investigate to evaluate the effects of scapular stabilization exercise on dynamic standing balance in stroke patients. Methods: Thirty hemiplegic patients participated was divided into control group and training group randomly. Control group(n=15) had only general rehabilitation training and training group (n=15) had both the general rehabilitation training and intensive scapular stabilization exercise. They were treated for 15minute/5 times/4 week. We measured PALM (palpation meter) to measure affected side's distances from spine to scapular. We measured FRT (functional reach test), FSST (four squared step test), and BPM (balance performance monitering) to evaluate dynamic standing balance. Results: Training group showed a significant difference in the distances from spine to scapular, FRT, FSST, and variables of BPM comparing control group (p<0.05). But control group was not significant difference. Conclusion: These results suggest that scapular stabilization exercises have positive effects on dynamic standing position.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1161-1168
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• 2011

The approximation for the distribution functions of nonparametric test statistics is a significant step in statistical inference. A rank sum test for dispersions proposed by Ansari and Bradley (1960), which is widely used to distinguish the variation between two populations, has been considered as one of the most popular nonparametric statistics. In this paper, the statistical tables for the distribution of the nonparametric Ansari-Bradley statistic is produced by use of polynomially adjusted normal approximation as a semi parametric density approximation technique. Polynomial adjustment can significantly improve approximation precision from normal approximation. The normal-polynomial density approximation for Ansari-Bradley statistic under finite sample sizes is utilized to provide the statistical table for various combination of its sample sizes. In order to find the optimal degree of polynomial adjustment of the proposed technique, the sum of squared probability mass function(PMF) difference between the exact distribution and its approximant is measured. It was observed that the approximation utilizing only two more moments of Ansari-Bradley statistic (in addition to the first two moments for normal approximation provide) more accurate approximations for various combinations of parameters. For instance, four degree polynomially adjusted normal approximant is about 117 times more accurate than normal approximation with respect to the sum of the squared PMF difference.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.325-333
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the concurrent validity between Figure-of-8 Walking Test (F8W), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Four Squared Step Test (FSST), and Timed UP and GO Test (TUG) in patients with stroke. Methods: Forty two participants (26 men, 16 women, $55.0{\pm}11.72$) with at least three months post stroke who were able to walk at least 10 m without walking aid participated in this study. Assessment of concurrent validity between the F8W (time and steps) and BBS was performed using Spearman rank order correlation and between the F8W (time and steps), FSST and TUG assessed using Pearson correlation. Results: The time of the F8W showed correlation with BBS (r=-0.46, p<0.01), FSST (r=0.64, p<0.01), and TUG (r=0.81, p<0.01), and steps of the F8W showed correlation with BBS (r=-0.43, p<0.01), FSST (r=0.47, p<0.01), and TUG (r=0.51, p<0.01). Conclusion: The F8W is a valid measure of balance and walking skill among patients with stroke and may provide complementary information with regard to dynamic balance and functional walking for the real life of stroke patients.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2023

There is currently a high-accuracy modern forecasting method that uses machine learning algorithms or artificial neural network models to forecast river water levels or flowrate. As a result, this study aims to develop a mathematical model based on artificial neural networks to effectively forecast river water levels upstream of Tranh Culvert in North Vietnam's Bac Hung Hai irrigation system. The mathematical model was thoroughly studied and evaluated by using hydrological data from six gauge stations over a period of twenty-two years between 2000 and 2022. Furthermore, the results of the developed model were also compared to those of the long-short-term memory neural networks model. This study performs four predictions, with a forecast time ranging from 6 to 24 hours and a time step of 6 hours. To validate and test the model's performance, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), mean absolute error, and root mean squared error were calculated. During the testing phase, the NSE of the model varies from 0.981 to 0.879, corresponding to forecast cases from one to four time steps ahead. The forecast results from the model are very reasonable, indicating that the model performed excellently. Therefore, the proposed model can be used to forecast water levels in North Vietnam's irrigation system or rivers impacted by tides.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.443-456
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore the patterns of private education, investigate the characteristics of private education patterns, and analyze the differences in study habits and academic achievement of youth on the basis of private education patterns. In this study, we used the data from the 2012 Panel of the Korea Children and Youth Panel Study by the National Youth Policy Institute. The subjects of this study were ninth-grade students and their parents. The statistical methods used for the analysis were two-step clustering, Chi-squared test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression. The major findings were as follows: first, private education was classified into three patterns, namely financial investment, time investment, and reduction of investment; and four categories, namely; private education methodology, private education time, private education expenses, and number of youth with access to private education. Second, the statistically significant socio-demographic characteristics of private education patterns were parents' education, parents' job type, father's working hours, sex of children, housing form, and income. Third, the study found that financial investment and a reduce of investment led to better study habits and academic achievement than time investment and no investment. Fourth, private education and study habits showed statistically meaningful effects on academic achievement; in particular, study habits had strong effects on academic achievement. Based on the results, a variety of educational programs for the improvement of the study habits of the youth were suggested.