• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of bobsleigh shoes on the lower extremity range of motion and start speed lap time and to develop bobsleigh shoes suitable for winter environments and Korean players based on sports science and optimized biomechanical performance. Background: The bobsleigh shoes used in the start section of the sport are one of the most important equipment for improving athletes' performances. Despite the importance of the start section, there are no shoes that are specifically designed for Korean bobsleigh athletes. Thus, Korean athletes have to wear sprint spike shoes instead of bobsleigh shoes to practice the start. Method: The subjects included four bobsleigh athletes from the Gangwon Province Bobsleigh Skeleton Federation. The study selected the bobsleigh shoe type A (company A) and type B (company B). We analyzed the lower extremity range of motion and sprint time (start line to 10 m) using a Motion Analysis System (USA). Results: In the measurement of the time required for the bobsleigh start section (10 m), the type A shoes demonstrated the fastest section record by $2.765{\pm}0.086sec$ and yielded more efficient movements, hip and knee flexion, hip extension, ankle dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, and inversion than the type B shoes. Conclusion: Type A shoes can yield a better performance via effective lower extremity movements in the bobsleigh start section. Application: In the future, functional analysis should be conducted by comparing the upper material properties, comfort, and muscle fatigue of bobsleigh shoes based on the Type A shoes to develop such shoes suitable for Koreans.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2017

This study is a basic study to develop shoe last design technology to enhance and revitalize the competitiveness of the handmade shoes. In-depth interviews were conducted with four manufacturers in Seongsu-dong to identify the production status and design technology of shoe lasts. The result of the research is as follows. Firstly, shoe lasts for adults are produced at intervals of 5mm between 245mm-285mm for men's shoes, and between 220-260mm for women's shoes. The production rate of women's shoes was high in the order of general type, boot type, and sandal type while men's shoes mainly produce general type. Secondly, the master last size and ball girth rating for men's and women's shoes were analyzed to EE-EEE grade at 260mm and D grade at 235mm. The length of the master last for men's shoes is 276-290mm, the heel width is 60-65mm, the ball width is 88-90mm, the ball girth is 250mm, and the waist girth is 248mm. The length of the master shoe last for women's shoes is 236-245 mm, the heel width is 50-55mm, the ball width is 78-80mm, the ball girth is 211~213mm, and the waist girth is 213~215mm. Thirdly, the last grading deviation is 5mm in length, the heel width is 0.5mm, the ball girth is 3.5mm, and the ball with is 1.2mm. The ball girth dimensions of Oxford type, slip-on type, and sneakers type are made at 250mm, 248mm, and 245mm for men's shoes. For women's shoes, the ball girth dimensions of pump type, loafer & boot type, and sandal type are made at 211~213mm, 214~215mm, and 211mm. Fourthly, t+he construction of the automation system is insufficient and almost completely depends on manual production.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

This research to reveal the foot types of old males consisted of two parts. First, a questionnaire was given for 180 old men in their 60s and above who live in Busan. Second, based on this survey on the reality of shoes wearing, direct and indirect measurement were held for 200 old gentlemen. The findings are as follows: 1. Survey Results of Shoes Wearing Reality In the investigation into the reality of shoes possession and wearing, most of old males favored active casual shoes with comfortable materials (40.8%). Hardened skin (23.6%) was the greatest in foot deformation and side effects resulting from shoes wearing, while the big toe (20.1%) was most uncomfortable. The greatest requirement for comfortable shoes was shoes making feet comfortable with a good sense of wear (41.0%), followed by shoes with the soft sole to absorb shock (31.7%), shoes with diverse sizes according to shoes width (13.7%), and shoes made of soft materials in consideration of various foot shapes. 2. Results of Foot Measurement Experiments Busan's males in their 60s and above were 166.31cm (Height), 63.51kg (weight), 23.94cm (foot length), 9.75cm (foot width), and 24.26cm (instep girth). The big toe angle of old males was $11.22^{\circ}$ and the little toe angle $14.70^{\circ}$. Four foot types were classified: 1 (long big foot), 2 (small inside-developed foot), 3 (toe-tip-gathered foot), and 4 (thin flat foot).

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.231-241
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution of foot pressure generated by active materials of a functional insole. Comfort is an important consideration while selectingfootwear and insoles. Consequently, it has an influence on injury. The development of new materials for functional insoles is considered one of the more important points for their manufacture. The method adopted in this study is as follows. First, ten healthy males were selected as subjects for the study. Each subject's foof was pre-screened podoscope(Alfoots, Korea) to check for the presence of any foot abnormalities, Two kinds of equipment were used for the study: a foot pressure device from Pedar-X, Germany, and a treadmill from Pulsefitness, UK. Next, each subject was asked to test four types of insoles(insoles of outdoor shoes, indoor shoes, walking shoes, and sports shoes) via walking trials on the treadmill at a constant speed of 4.2 km/h. The pressure distribution data(contact area, maximum force, maximum peak pressure, and maximum mean pressure) was collected using the pressure device at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. Results of the tests showed that all four types of functional insoles increased contact areas whit the foot. Further, functional insoles of walking shoes and sport shoes decreased the foot pressure. From these results, we conclude that the active materials of functional insoles of shoes can increase the contact area and provide greater comfort.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2004

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of the patients and therapeutic shoes for diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Forty two diabetic patients who had their own therapeutic shoes which were prescribed somewhere else were studied from March 2003 to December 2003. There were 27 males and 15 females, and the mean age was 62.1 years (range, 49-72 years). Duration of diabetes was average 14 years (range, $6{\sim}30$ years), all had type 2 diabetes. Sensation was examined with 5.07 nylon monofilament. The route of purchasing the shoes, compliance to the prescribed shoes were investigated by interview. The shape of shoe, stiffness of upper, conformity of insole to the shape of the foot were recorded. In-shoe plantar pressure was measured in 15 patients. Results: Eighteen patients were insensate to the monofilament. Seven patients did not wear the therapeutic shoes, and only 18 of 35 patients were wearing the therapeutic shoes more than 6 hours a day. The shoes of 17 patients were prescribed by medical doctor and the rest were purchased by the recommendation of acquaintances or advertisement. Ulcer recurred in four of five patients to whom the shoe was prescribed by medical doctor and the cause of three recurrences were evident by just observing the foot and shoe. The therapeutic shoes were made from 11 different makers. Eight shoes were adequate for diabetic patients with respect to the material, shape of insole, type of shoe. In-shoe plantar pressure was examined in 15 patients and was less than 300 kPa in all patients. Conclusion: The therapeutic shoes for the diabetic patients need to be prescribed by medical doctor for selective patients with neuropathy or previous history of ulcer and follow-up examination is important to monitor the compliance of the patients and adequacy of the shoes.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.2899-2905
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• 2015

본 논문은 지반 조건에 따른 족저압의 압력분포에 대한 연구이다. 실내화, 실외화, 걷기화, 운동화의 네 가지 카테고리의 신발이 본 연구에 사용되었으며, 260mm(유럽 코드 EU40)를 착용하는 45명의 20대 남성을 대상으로 콘크리트, 모래 지반에서의 실험을 실시하였다. 보행 시 응력과 압력의 측정은 Techstorm사의 Insole System을 사용하여 측정하였으며 발의 발가락, 전족, 중족, 후족 네 가지 영역에서 족저압을 측정하였다. 연구 결과 신발과 지반 조건에 따라 다른 응력 및 압력의 분포를 나타냈으며 본 연구 결과는 모래 지반에서 착용 가능한 신발의 개발에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate normalized jerk according to shoes, slope, and velocity during walking. Eleven different test subjects used three different types of shoes (running shoes, mountain climbing boots, and elevated forefoot walking shoes) at various walking speeds(1.19, 1.25, 1.33, 1.56, 1.78, 1.9, 2, 2.11, 2.33m/sec) and gradients(0, 3, 6, 10 degrees) on a treadmill. Since there were concerns about using the elevated forefoot shoes on an incline, these shoes were not used on a gradient. Motion Analysis (Motion Analysis Corp. Santa Rosa, CA USA) was conducted with four Falcon high speed digital motion capture cameras. Utilizing the maximum smoothness theory, it was hypothesized that there would be differences in jerk according to shoe type, velocity, and slope. Furthermore, it was assumed that running shoes would have the lowest values for normalized jerk because subjects were most accustomed to wearing these shoes. The results demonstrated that elevated forefoot walking shoes had lowest value for normalized jerk at heel. In contrast, elevated forefoot walking shoes had greater normalized jerk at the center of mass at most walking speeds. For most gradients and walking speeds, hiking boots had smaller medio-lateral directional normalized jerk at ankle than running shoes. These results alluded to an inverse ratio for jerk at the heel and at the COM for all types of shoes. Furthermore, as velocity increased, medio-lateral jerk was reduced for all gradients in both hiking boots and running shoes. Due to the fragility of the ankle joint, elevated forefoot walking shoes could be recommended for walking on flat surfaces because they minimize instability at the heel. Although the elevated forefoot walking shoes have the highest levels of jerk at the COM, the structure of the pelvis and spine allows for greater compensatory movement than the ankle. This movement at the COM might even have a beneficial effect of activating the muscles in the back and abdomen more than other shoes. On inclines hiking boots would be recommended over running shoes because hiking boots demonstrated more medio-lateral stability on a gradient than running shoes. These results also demonstrate the usefulness of normalized jerk theory in analyzing the relationship between the body and shoes, walking velocity, and movement up a slope.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.894-905
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• 2015

The present study analyzed data from the 3D measurement of the feet of men aged over 20 years residing in the capital region as part of the 6th Anthropometry of Size Korea. To analyze the characteristics of the foot shapes of young men aged 20~39 years and middle-aged/elderly men aged 40~69 years by age and by type, a cluster analysis was conducted using the factors derived through the factor analysis as independent variables. The results of the study that analyzed the characteristics of foot shapes by type according to differences in age were as follows. First, through the analysis of the characteristics of the foot shapes of young men by type, five factors were extracted, and the foot shapes were classified into three types: Type 1 (short and flat), Type 2 (thick), and Type 3 (long and wide). Second, through the analysis of the characteristics of the foot shapes of middle-aged/elderly men by type, six factors were extracted, and the foot shapes were classified into four types: Type 1 (short and regular), Type 2 (flat), Type 3 (thick), and Type 4 (long and regular). The results of the present study are expected to serve as basic data for the design of shoes by age and foot type.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze biomechanical factors of trail running shoes applied to korean shoe-lasts. 10 healthy male subjects with an average age of 37.2 years(SD=8.28), weight of 69.6 kg(SD=10.56) and a height of 171 cm(SD=4.93) were recruited for this study. Ten males walked on a treadmill wearing four different shoes. Foot pressure data was collected using a Pedar-X mobile system(Novel Gmbh., Germany) operating at the 1000 Hz. Surface EMG signals for tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, vastus lateralis and biceps femoris were acquired at 1000 Hz using Noraxon TeleMyo DTS system(Noraxon Inc., USA). Foot pressure and leg muscle fatigue were measured and calculated during walking. The results are as follows: After walking 60 minutes, Type A showed a lower MPF. MPF values were significantly different from each muscle(p<.05). Therefore, Type A shoe might decrease muscle fatigue in the legs while walking. In addition, Type It showed that Type A shoe has the highest contact area and the lowest maximum pressure. As a result of the analysis, Trail running shoes will use a new design to reduce muscle fatigue and are expected to increase comfort and fitting.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.167-177
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 골프화 개발에 있어 골프화 종류에 따른 기능성 검증을 위해 골프 스윙 시 골프화 종류별 3차원 동작분석을 통하여 골프화가 골프 스윙에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구대상은 골프 프로 자격증을 소지한 경력 10년 이상인 프로골퍼 5명으로 착용 골프화 사이즈가 270mm이었다. 스윙 동작 분석을 위해 Motion Analysis사(Santa Rosa CL USA)의 3차원 동작분석 시스템 및 EVaRT 4.2 소프트웨어를 사용하여 변인 값들을 분석하였다. 드라이버 스윙동작 중 어드레스(El), 탑(E2), 임팩트(E3), 피니쉬(E4)시의 각 이벤트 간의 구간(P1, P2, P3) 변인 값을 분석하여 스윙 구간별 시간, 최대속도, 신체이동 속도, 양발 분절의 속도, 발목의 뒤틀림 각도에 대한 조사를 실시하여 골프화의 종류와 수행능력의 연관성에 대하여 알아보았다. 실험결과 골프화 Type C의 경우 어드레스에서 탑까지의 시간이 가장 짧게 나타나 어드레스 시 안정성을 향상시켜 줄 것으로 사료된다. 또한 좌우 골프화의 최대 속도 신체중심 이동 최대 속도 좌우 발의 최대 속도의 경우도 골프화 Type C의 속도가 가장 빠르게 나타났으며 신체의 중심을 빠르게 하고 발의 회전력을 증가시켜 임팩트 시 다른 골프화보다 큰 힘을 전달할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.