• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2010

This study was conducted to increase the keeping quality of the minimally processed pear slices during the cold storage. Korean pears, 'Shin-go (Niitaka)', 'Chu-hwang' and 'Won-hwang’ were immersed in 1% ascorbic acid, 0.1% calcium propionate, 1% citric acid, 0.2% N-acetyl cysteine and 0.5 M 4-hexylresorcinol solution for 3 three minutes and then stored at $1{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. We have also examined into the firmness and the color difference of pears slices as affected by the application of the anti-browning agents. The firmness of pears slices which that were immersed in 0.1% calcium propionate and 0.2% N-acetyl cysteine solution were not significant at did not differ significantly after 10 days after of cold storage. However, the ${\Delta}E^*$ values of 'Shin-go' slices which that were treated with 0.1% calcium propionate and 0.2% N-acetyl cysteine solution and stored for 10 days decreased by 3.18 and 3.83, when compared with that in of the control, which decreased by 6.36. The ${\Delta}E^*$ values of 'Chu-hwang' slices which that were treated with 0.2% N-acetyl cysteine and 0.1% calcium propionate solution had the slight difference by differed by only 2.09 and 2.14, when compared with that in of the control, which differed by 3.04. The ${\Delta}E^*$ values of 'Won-hwang' slices which that were treated with 1% citric acid and 0.5 M 4-hexylresorcinol were 4.49 and 5.83, respectively, while that in of the control decreased by 8.95. It was assumed that the anti-browning agent treatment had the different activities among varieties of the pear varieties slices, however, application of 0.2% N-acetyl cysteine and 0.1% calcium propionate application had greater the higher antibrowning activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2018

Background: BIOGF1K, a compound-K-rich fraction, has been shown to display anti-inflammatory activity. Although Panax ginseng is widely used for the prevention of photoaging events induced by UVB irradiation, the effect of BIOGF1K on photoaging has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated the effects of BIOGF1K on UVB-induced photoaging events. Methods: We analyzed the ability of BIOGF1K to prevent UVB-induced apoptosis, enhance matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, upregulate anti-inflammatory activity, reduce sirtuin 1 expression, and melanin production using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, melanin content assay, tyrosinase assay, and flow cytometry. We also evaluated the effects of BIOGF1K on the activator protein-1 signaling pathway, which plays an important role in photoaging, by immunoblot analysis and luciferase reporter gene assays. Results: Treatment of UVB-irradiated NIH3T3 fibroblasts with BIOGF1K prevented UVB-induced cell death, inhibited apoptosis, suppressed morphological changes, reduced melanin secretion, restored the levels of type I procollagen and sirtuin 1, and prevented mRNA upregulation of MMP-1, MMP-2, and cyclo-oxygenase-2; these effects all occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, BIOGF1K markedly reduced activator-protein-1-mediated luciferase activity and decreased the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular response kinase, p38, and C-Jun N-terminal kinase). Conclusion: Our results strongly suggest that BIOGF1K has anti-photoaging activity and that BIOGF1K could be used in anti-aging cosmeceutical preparations.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.491-503
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• 2017

The effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were evaluated on growth inhibition of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii in host ARPE-19 cells. The number of tachyzoites per parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) was counted after treatment with TKIs. T. gondii protein expression was assessed by western blot. Immunofluorescence assay was performed using Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4) and T. gondii GRA3 antibodies. The TKIs were divided into 3 groups; non-epidermal growth factor receptor (non-EGFR), anti-human EGFR 2 (anti-HER2), and anti-HER2/4 TKIs, respectively. Group I TKIs (nintedanib, AZD9291, and sunitinib) were unable to inhibit proliferation without destroying host cells. Group II TKIs (lapatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, and AG1478) inhibited proliferation up to 98% equivalent to control pyrimethamine ($5{\mu}M$) at $20{\mu}M$ and higher, without affecting host cells. Group III TKIs (neratinib, dacomitinib, afatinib, and pelitinib) inhibited proliferation up to 98% equivalent to pyrimethamine at $1-5{\mu}M$, but host cells were destroyed at $10-20{\mu}M$. In Group I, TgHSP90 and SAG1 inhibitions were weak, and GRA3 expression was moderately inhibited. In Group II, TgHSP90 and SAG1 expressions seemed to be slightly enhanced, while GRA3 showed none to mild inhibition; however, AG1478 inhibited all proteins moderately. Protein expression was blocked in Group III, comparable to pyrimethamine. PDCD4 and GRA3 were well localized inside the nuclei in Group I, mildly disrupted in Group II, and were completely disrupted in Group III. This study suggests the possibility of a vital T. gondii TK having potential HER2/4 properties, thus anti-HER2/4 TKIs may inhibit intracellular parasite proliferation with minimal adverse effects on host cells.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2005

From the tuberous root of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.(Ranunculaceae), the main root is called as common monkhood mother root and the later root is called as the prepared aconite root. From the prepared aconite root. Looking at the processing method of the prepared aconite root, it is divided into Yeombuja (prepared aconite root processed in salt) and heuksoonpyeon (baekbupyeon) following the processing method after removing the soil and this is a way of processing the prepared aconite root without damage it. The recently produced raw prepared aconite root is easily damaged, thus it shall be preserved in salt to have the crystal shape on the surface of the prepared aconite root and store and transport in firmly solidified yeombuja condition. Therefore, yeombuja shall remove the salt before use and requires processing for use but heuksoonpyeon or baekbupyeon may use immediately. For the succession of the unique processing techniques of our ancestors, there has to be studies on the techniques. Prepared aconite root is generally used as holy medicines to cure the yang depletion syndrome, kidney-yang deficiency syndrome, and obstruction of qi in the chest syndrome. However, they are the substances with toxicity. It is contemplated that the contents of processing are broadly understood through the document on the processing method, and based on such foundation, the systematic set and proof on the documents are made along with the addition of the contemporary scientific theory and technology to develop the traditional processing technology to maximize the treatment effect and safety of prepared aconite root. In this study, the historic data and records on the processing method of latteral root of aconitum carmichaeli Debx will be rearranged to contribute to the standardization of medicinal herbs, maximization of efficacy and minimization of the side effects.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2011

연구목적: 고프로락틴혈증은 항정신병약물로 인한 흔한 부작용이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이러한 고프로락틴혈증에 대한 임상가들의 관심은 적은 편이다. 왜냐하면 고프로락틴혈증으로 인한 부작용의 심각성이 널리 알려지지 않았기 때문이다. 특히 아미설프라이드로 인한 고프로락틴혈증에 대한 국내 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 한국인에서의 아미설프라이드로 인한 프로락틴 수치의 변화를 알아보고자 한다. 방 법: 2008년 1월부터 2010년 12월까지 일산백병원 신경정신과의 외래와 입원 환자 24명을 대상으로 의무기록을 검토하여 자료를 분석하였다. 이를 통해 아미설프라이드 사용 전후의 프로락틴 수치의 변화를 비교하였다. 또한 아미설프라이드 용량, 투약 기간과 프로락틴 수치 변화율과의 상관관계를 통계적으로 분석하였다. 결 과: 아미설프라이드를 투여한 모든 환자에서 고프로락틴혈증이 발생하였다. 아미설프라이드 투여 후의 프로락틴 수치는 투여 전 보다 유의하게 상승하였다(z=-3.702, p=0.000). 아미설프라이드 용량과 프로락틴 상승의 정도는 유의한 상관관계를 보였으나(r=0.61, p=0.002), 아미설프라이드 투여 기간과 프로락틴 상승의 정도는 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 또한 아미설프라이드 용량과 프로락틴 수치 변화율은 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결 론: 아미설프라이드를 포함한 항정신병약물은 프로락틴 수치를 증가시켜 장 단기간의 부작용을 발생시킬 수 있다. 따라서 아미설프라이드를 사용하는 임상의는 프로락틴 수치를 정기적으로 측정하여야 하며 고프로락틴혈증과 관련된 부작용을 평가하여야 한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.458-466
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to review the research on treating depression in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) over the last 5 years to set the foundation for further studies. We searched for and analyzed articles about depression in CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from January 2010 to December 2014. The results were as follows : The most frequently used diagnostic criteria was CCMD-3(The Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders-3), and the most used evaluation criteria was HAMD(Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Prescription of decoction of medical herbs was most frequently used as a therapeutic method. Acupuncture, traditional Chinese psychotherapy, and music therapy were also used for some studies. The most frequent TCM Syndrome Differentiation Type was stagnation of liver-QI. For decoction of Chinese herbs, Soyo-san(Xiaoyao-san) and Sihosogan-san(Chaihushugan-san) were most often prescribed, and Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Curcumae Radix, Poria cocos wolf, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba were mainly used for medical herbs. BaekHoi(GV20) and Yindang(Ex-HN3) were often used as acupuncture sites. Post-Stroke Depression was the most common case of intercurrent or secondary depression. According to the Jadad Quality Assessment Scale, the quality of the reports was not high as most of the reports had a score of 3 or below. Most systematic reviews on depression were conducted by Chinese researchers. The problem with Clinical research on depression, according to those reviews, was that there were no standardized criteria for the diagnosis and treatment and the trials were usually not randomized nor controlled. We found out there are various clinical methods for treating depression in TCM, and hope that this research could provide the preliminary data for designing and conducting clinical trials for depression.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2010

봉화 북지리 마애여래좌상(국보 제201호)은 신라시대 지방의 권력을 잘 보여주는 거대 석불로 중립질의 복운모화강암으로 구성되어있다. 이 불상의 전암대자율 측정결과, 평균 0.41(${\times}10^{-3}$ SI unit)을 나타내며 주변의 기반암과 유사한 분포를 보였다. 현재 이 마애불상은 NE-SW 방향으로 평행한 불연속면이 발달하며, 박리 박락(41.5%), 입상분해(16.7%), 갈색 변색(40.0%)에 의한 손상이 심각하다. 초음파속도 측정 결과, 마애불상은 1,629m/s, 주변암반은 1,549m/s로 취약한 물성을 보였으나 과거 보존처리 전(628m/s)에 측정된 초음파 속도에 비해 약 900m/s 정도 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이는 여전히 낮은 값이다. 이 석불의 기반암에 대한 사면안정성 평가를 수행한 결과, 마애불상에서는 전도파괴의 가능성이, 자연암반에서는 평면 및 쐐기파괴의 가능성이 나타났다. 따라서 마애불상의 안정적인 보존을 위해서는 거동 가능성이 있는 암반에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 시행되어야 하고, 붕괴 위험성이 높은 암반에 대해서는 지반강화 공법을 적용하여 보강해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine about workers' oral health status and oral health behavior practice. Methods : Questionnaire survey was carried out targeting 331 workers within the industrial complex of Jeonju city in 2011. As a result of surveying and analyzing workers' oral health status, habit related to oral health, activity restriction, which is oral disease phase, and oral health practice level by using SPSSWIN 12.0. Results : 1. Workers' experience of visiting dental hospital(clinic) for the past one year was indicated to be the highest with 64.9% in the working period with 10 years-under 20 years(p<0.001). Experience of scaling was indicated to be averagely 38.8%. 2. The oral health status perceived by workers was the highest with 40.5% in 'having something abnormal'. A problem was the highest with 28.0% in 'dental caries'. A cause was indicated to be 42.6% in 'because of being naturally weak in tooth or the gum.' The biggest reason for having failed to receive the dental treatment at a proper time was indicated to be the highest with 24.8% in 'because of feeling burdensome about dental expense. '3. 58.4% of male workers were smoking. The use of dental hygiene device was the highest with 40.6% in mouth-rinse. 4. Absence caused by oral disease was indicated to be the highest with 13.8% in the household income in more than 3,500,000won, thereby having shown the significant difference(p<0.05). Early leaving was indicated to be the highest 13.9% in more than 50s age, thereby having shown the significant difference(p<0.05). Also, as for factors of absence and early leaving, a pain was the highest with 64.7%. 5. Workers' oral health practice level was the highest with 2.85 points in 'Brushing teeth before going to bed'. Conclusions : Synthesizing these findings, the oral management could be known to be made negligently in the workers with the older age, the lower academic background, and the lower income. The institutional foundation is considered to be necessary for which the oral health education can be efficiently performed in addition to a need of periodic oral examination for these classes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2006

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer among men in the developed world affecting the tongue, pharynx, larynx and oral cavity. HNSCC is thought to represent a multistep process whereby carcinogen exposure leads to genetic instability in the tissue and accumulation of specific genetic events, which result in dysregulation of proliferation, differentiation, and cell loss and the acquisition of invasive capacity. Despite therapeutic and diagnostic progress in oncology during the past decades, the prognosis of HNSCC remains poor. Thus it seems that finding a biological tumor markers which will increase the early diagnosis and treatment monitoring rates, is of paramount importance in respect to improving prognosis. In an effort to identify gene expression signatures that may serve as biomarkers, this study several genes were selected, such as H3,3A, S100A7, UCHL1, GSTP1, PAI-2, PLK, TGF${\beta}$1 and bFGF, and used 7 HNSCC cell lines that were established various anatomical sites, and also 17 other cancer cell lines were used for control group using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analysis with a monoclonal antibody. In this study, S100A7 showed a clearly restricted occurrence in tongue originated cell line, and GSTP1 expression level in the pharynx originated cell line was very increased, relative to corresponding other cell lines. These results suggest that S100A7 and GSTP1 genes' expression can occur during tongue and pharynx originated head and neck tumorigenesis and that genetic change is an important driving force in the carcinogenesis process. This data indicate that S100A7 and GSTP1 expression pattern in HNSCC reflect both diagnostic clue and biological marker. And this is provides a foundation for the development of site-specific diagnostic strategies and treatments for HNSCC.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.465-477
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• 2016

ADHD 증후군은 대부분 아동에게서 발생하며, 주의력 결핍, 과잉 행동, 충동적 활동으로 나타난다. 이러한 증상을 치료하지 않고 방치하는 경우, 아이들은 어린 시절 내내 어려움을 겪게 되며, 특별한 경우 청소년기와 성인기까지 이어지게 된다. 현재 음악치료, 심리치료, 국악 감상 분야의 다양한 연구들이 진행중이다. 그러나 음악치료를 통해 주의력 결핍, 대인기피증, 애정결핍, 학습 성적 부진, ADHD 증상을 겪는 아동의 치료에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 다양한 프로그램이 치료의 이름으로 소개되고 있으나,법을 적용한 치료에 관한 연구는 부족하며, 실제 치료사례 또한 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 음악을 통한 융합 예술 교육은 ADHD를 가진 수많은 아동에 대한 관심을 가지고, 교육을 통한 치료라는 전체적인 맥락에서 음악 교육 연구가 진행되어야 한다. 본 연구는 피아노를 바탕으로 하여 융합 예술 교육의 일환인 코다이, 달크로스, 오르프 등법을 통해 ADHD 증후군 아동의 치료 사례를 분석하고자 한다. 분석 결과, 이른바 3대법을 통해 ADHD 아동의 주의력 결핍이 줄어드는 결과가 나타났다. 또한, 이외의 대인기피증, 애정결핍등의 증상을 보이는 아동에게도 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 각 종류별 아동증후군에 대한 음악 치료 교육에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.