• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2006

Grip strength provides a quick and objective index of the functional integrity of the upper extremities. It is widely used as an assessment measure in physical and rehabilitation medicine. In this study, maximum voluntary grip strength of 20 college students wearing 5 different gloves were measured using Jamar hand dynamometer. The results show that maximum voluntary grip strength was generally reduced when wearing gloves as compared to bare-handed. More specifically, the grip strength was highest when wearing PVC coated glove or bare-handed and getting lowered as wrist band, rubber, leather, and cotton glove in these order. Depending on the measuring posture of grip strength, shoulder height with arm extended forward was higher than the elbow was flexed 90 degree. Moreover, subjects' demographic factors and hand dimensions were not closely related to the grip strength. It is thus recommended that the proper glove should be provided to reduce the negative consequences including dropping a tool, poorer control of a tool. lower quality work, and increased muscle fatigue and in turn to increase the user safety and satisfaction.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2019

Purpose: Continuous use of a smartphone increases the angle of forward bending of the user's cervical vertebrae, causing pain in the shoulders and back, including the thorax, lumbar region, and vertebrae. Although there are many studies on changes in the cervical spine due to smartphone usage, the changes in the shoulders, thoracolumbar spine, and pelvic have rarely been compared. The purpose of this study is to investigate the change in the spinal segments, shoulders, and pelvic when using a smartphone with both hands while in the standing position. Methods: This study was conducted on 35 adults in their twenties. The selection criteria for the subjects were limited to those in a similar age group, thus excluding posture differences according to age, and to those who did not have specific diseases or pain in the spinal and musculoskeletal system for 12 months prior to the study. In this study, we used a 3D spinal diagnostic imaging system (Back Mapper, Frickenhausen) to compare the changing conditions in each vertebral segment before and during smartphone usage with both hands while in the standing position. Posture differences according to smartphone usage were compared using the paired t-test for the motion of each spinal segment. Results: This study showed that the thoracic and lumbar angle increased posteriorly during smartphone usage (p<0.05). In addition, the anterior rotation angle of the shoulder bone significantly increased, but no significant difference occurred in the pelvic region. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, smartphone usage with both hands while in the standing position showed that the spine, as a whole, forms a kyphotic curve. Therefore, we propose to present a postural guideline for correct smartphone usage, considering the change in each vertebral segment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.505-517
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• 2005

The Purposes of this study were to find complementary connectible new factors that analyzed correlation relate of Sasang Constitution and GCM Body Type in Static Posture and Dynamic Hyper/Hypo-mobility Pattern. Method of this study was asymtomatic volunteers 232(unmarried man and women), conducted from September 1 to December 31. In this main study progressing step diagnosised first, Constitution of Sasang medicine after being classified into four groups of Soyangin, Taeumin, Soeumin, Taeyangin diagnosis of GCM Body Type and progressed that related Static Posture and Dynamic Hyper/Hypo mobility Pattern. The results are as follows. Distribution of Sasang Medicine Constitution proved to be Taeyangin 13, Soyangin 66, Taeumin 67, Soeumin 86 respectively. Distribution of GCM Body Type proved I Body Type 72(31.0%), II Body Type 54(23.3%), III Body Type 89(38.4%), IV Body Type 17(7.3%). The distribution of Sasang Constitution according to GCM Body Type was that; I Body Type was distributed in the order Soeumin 34.7%(25), Taeumin 31.9%(23), Soyangin 30.6%(22), Soeumin 34.7%(25) is the most people. II Body Type was distribution of in the order Soeumin 42.6%(23), Soyangin 5.9%(14), Taeumin 24.1%(13), Soeumin 42.6%(23) is the most people. III Body Type was distribution of in the order Soeumin 37.1%(33), Taeumin 30.3%(27), Soyangin 28.1%(25), Soeumin 37.1% is the most people. IV Body Type proved high distribution each of Soeumin 29.4%(5) and Soyangin 29.4%(5). In case of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about I Body Type 72 persons with left scapular and ilium forward tilted pattern proved in the order high distribution iliac crest thigh and scapular high 70(97.2%), gluteal fold high and scapular abduction 69(95.8%), lumbar scoliosis 65(90.3%). Also, in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution deep gluteal fold 69(95.8%), umbilical deviation 68(94.4%). Incase of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about n Body Type 54 persons proved in the: order high distribution knee hyperextension 50(92.6%), shoulder deviation 49(90.7%) etc. Also, in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution pelvic deviation 53(98.1%), iliac crest thigh 52(96.3%), hip flexion and ankle inversion 51(94.4%) etc. In case of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about III Body Type 89 persons proved in the order high distribution shoulder deviation 87(97.8%), scapular abduction 86(96.6%), scapular high 85(95.5%) etc. And in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution pelvic deviation and iliac crest thigh 86(96.6%) etc. In case of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about IV Body Type 17 persons proved in the order high distribution pelvic deviation, lumbar sciliosis and lumbar lordosis increase 15(88.2%) etc. Also, in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution wrist dorsiflexion 16(94.1%), thickened achilles tendon etc.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2010

견관절 탈구나 골절로 인해 arm sliding를 착용한 환자에서 외전(abduction)이 불가능한 경우 superior-inferior axial projection view를 대신하여 시행하는 velpeau view는 탈구나 골절 환자가 상체를 뒤로 젖히는 자세를 취하기가 어려워 고통이 가중되었다. 하지만 환자의 상체를 숙여 검사하는 새로운 검사법인 'modified velpeau view'를 제안하며 검사 시 자세고정의 용이함과 임상적 유용성에 대해 알아 보고자 2009년 10월부터 2010년 1월까지 견관절 탈구나 골절로 의심되어 본원에 내원한 환자들 중 velpeau view 처방을 받은 환자 20명과 정상인 30명을 대상으로 velpeau view와 modified velpeau view에서 wall-bucky와 환자의 상체 숙임각(30도, 45도, 60도, 75도)의 변화에 따른 골 구조의 차이를 비교하였다. 영상의학과 전문의와 정형외과 전문의에게 영상평가 기준을 제시하고 0점부터 5점을 만점으로 영상이 평가되었다. 정상인군에서 wall-bucky와 상체의 숙임각 변화에 따른 골구조의 비교결과 45도와 60도가 velpeau view 와 비슷한 진단수준을 보였으며, 진단 가치를 증명하기 위한 영상평가 결과 velpeau view에서는 shoulder head의 anterior와 posterior, glenoid fossa의 anterior와 posterior를 관찰할 수 있었지만, modified velpeau view에서는 velpeau view에서 관찰되는 부위 뿐만 아니라 acromioclavicular joint와 coracoid process도 관찰할 수 있었다. modified velpeau view가 velpeau view와 비교시 velpeau view를 대체할 만한 수준의 진단적 가치를 지닌 유용한 검사임이 확인 되었다. 또한 modified velpeau view는 velpeau view position이 어려운 환자를 대상으로 적용 가능한 대체법으로서 뿐만 아니라 어깨 골절과 탈구 이외의 어깨 질환의 진단을 위한 새로운 검사로서의 임상적 적용을 위해 다양한 시각에서의 연구와 개선의 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.831-841
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• 2010

Usability evaluation of physical products involves characterizing complex physical interactions between humans and products. Human models known as manikins have been widely utilized as usability evaluation tools for automobile interior package design. When combined with computer-aided design software programs, such manikins can be used to simulate driving postures and evaluate driver-interior fits early in the design process, and therefore, may greatly facilitate achieving high-quality design in a cost-efficient manner. The purpose of this study was to define a set of manikins for designing automobile interior packages for the South Korean male population. These manikins were conceptualized as "boundary" manikins, which represent individuals lacking in certain physical capacities or having usability-related issues (e.g., an individual with the 5th percentile forward reach capability, an individual with the 95th percentile shoulder width). Such boundary manikins can serve as an efficient tool for determining if an automobile interior design accommodates the majority of the population. The boundary manikins were selected from the large sample of Korean males whose anthropometric dimensions were described in the recent Size Korea anthropometric database. For each male in the database, his comfortable driving posture was represented using a kinematic body linkage model and various physical capacity measured and usability-related characteristics relevant to driver accommodation were evaluated. For each such measure, a boundary manikin was selected among the Korean males. The manikins defined in this study are expected to serve as tools for ergonomic design of automobile interior packages. The manikin selection method developed in this study was implemented as a generic software program useful for various product design applications.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate which physical and psychosocial work demands were associated with excellent work ability in individuals with neck pain, and to investigate age and sex differences in these associations. Methods: The study sample was obtained from the Statistics Sweden cross-sectional Work Environment survey and consisted of workers who reported neck pain after work (N = 3,212). Results: The findings showed an association between excellent work ability and self-reported low exposure to lifting, twisted work posture, working with hands in shoulder level or higher, and leaning forward without support and combination of exposures containing these work demands. Low exposure to seated work and high demands showed a reversed association. The associations were present mainly among older workers and were generally stronger for men than for women. Conclusion: This study indicates that a lower level of physically demanding work is an important element to maintain excellent work ability, especially for the older worker with neck pain.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of injuries and the types of movement related to damage by body parts, and to prepare for prevention of injuries and development of a training program. Method: For this study, the experiment was conducted according to levels of 60 percentages (ST) and 85 percentages (MA) and 10 subjects from the Korean elite national weightlifting team were included. Furthermore, we analyzed joint moment and muscle activation pattern with three-dimensional video analysis. Ground reaction force and EMG analyses were performed to measure the factors related to injuries and motion. Results: Knee reinjuries such as anterior cruciate ligament damage caused by deterioration of the control ability for the forward movement function of the tibia based on the movement of the biceps femoris when the rectus femoris is activated with the powerful last-pull movement. In particular, athletes with previous or current injuries should perceive a careful contiguity of the ratio of the biceps femoris to the rectus femoris. This shows that athletes can exert five times greater force than the injury threshold in contrast to the inversion moment of the ankle, which is actively performed for a powerful last pull motion and is positively considered in terms of intentional motion. It is activated by excessive adduction and internal rotation moment to avoid excessive abduction and external rotation of the knee at lockout motion. It is an injury risk to muscles and ligaments, causing large adduction moment and internal rotation moment at the knee. Adduction moment in the elbow joint increased to higher than the injury threshold at ST (60% level) in the lockout phase. Hence, all athletes are indicated to be at a high risk of injury of the elbow adductor muscle. Lockout motion is similar to the "high five" posture, and repetitive training in this motion increases the likelihood of injuries because of occurrence of strong internal rotation and adduction of the shoulder. Training volume of lockout motion has to be considered when developing a training program. Conclusion: The important factors related to injury at snatch include B/R rate, muscles to activate the adduction moment and internal rotation moment at the elbow joint in the lockout phase, and muscles to activate the internal rotation moment at the shoulder joint in the lockout phase.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2021

Background: Patients with advanced asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have postural deviations such as thoracic hyperkyphosis, forward shoulder posture (FSP) due to an increase in head and cervical protraction, reduced shoulder range of motion and a corresponding increase in scapula elevation and upward rotation. Unlike congenital vertebral kyphosis that are permanent and rigid deformities with bony and other structural deformations which cause respiratory impairment, these deformities in these patients may be more flexible. Since the thoracic hyperkyphosis has been implicated as having adverse health consequences it is necessary to evaluated the relationship between thoracic kyphosis and cardiopulmonary functions of patients with COPD and asthma. Methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical study. Eighty-four eligible patients with COPD and asthma were recruited from the Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), and basic anthropometric parameters, pulmonary parameters, cardiovascular parameters, thoracic kyphosis (Cobb) angle and presence of respiratory symptoms of participants were assessed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: There was no significant correlation between the thoracic kyphosis and selected pulmonary parameters (Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1, p=0.36), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC, p=0.95), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR, p=0.16), Thoracic expansion (TE, p=0.27)/cardiovascular parameters (Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP, p=0.108), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP, p=0.17) and Pulse Rate (PR, p=0.93) as well as the respiratory symptoms (SGRQ scores, p=0.11) in all subjects. Conclusion: There was no relationship between thoracic kyphosis and selected pulmonary/cardiovascular parameters as well as respiratory symptoms in patients with COPD and asthma.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Background: Thoracic spine self-mobilization exercise is commonly used to manage patients with neck pain. However, no previous studies have investigated the effects of thoracic spine self-mobilization exercise alone in patients with chronic neck pain. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thoracic self-mobilization using a tool on cervical range of motion (ROM), disability level, upper body posture, pain and fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) in patients with chronic neck pain. Methods: The subjects were 49 patients (21 males, 28 females) with chronic neck pain. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG, n = 23) and control group (CG, n = 26). For the EG, thoracic self-mobilization was applied. We placed a tool (made with 2 tennis balls) under 3 different vertebral levels (T1-4, T5-8, T9-12) of the thoracic spine and the subjects performed crunches, which included thoracic flexion and extension in supine position. Five times × 3 sets for each levels, twice a week, for 4 weeks. Cervical pain, disability, upper body posture, FABQ results, and ROM were evaluated at baseline, after 4 weeks of intervention, and at 8 weeks of follow-up. Assessments included the quadruple visual analogue scale (QVAS); Northwick Park neck pain questionnaire (NPQ); craniovertebral angles (CVA), forward shoulder angle (FSA) and kyphosis angle (KA) measurements for upper body posture; FABQ and cervical ROM testing. Results: The EG showed a statistically significant improvement after intervention in the QVAS (-51.16%); NPQ (-53.46%); flexion (20.95%), extension (25.32%), left rotation (14.04%), and right rotation (25.32%) in the ROM of the cervical joint; KA (-7.14%); CVA (9.82%); and FSA (-4.12%). Conclusion: These results suggest that, for patients with chronic neck pain, thoracic self-mobilization exercise using a tool (tennis balls) is effective to improve neck pain, disability level, the ROM, and upper body posture.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

To know the proper setup posture for the various clubs, changes of setup variables according to the change of golf club length was investigated. Swing motions of three male low handicappers including a professional were taken using two high-speed videocameras. Four clubs iron 7, iron 5, iron 3 and driver (wood 1) were selected for this experiment. Three dimensional motion analysis techniques were used to get the kinematical variables. Mathcad and Kwon3D motion analysis program were used to analyze the position, distance and angle data in three dimensions. The variables divided into three categories 1) position and width of anterior-posterior direction 2) position and width of lateral direction 3) angles and evaluated based on the theories of many good golf teachers. Major findings of this study were as follows. 1.The stance (distance between ankle joints) was increased as the length of the club increased but the increasing width was not large. It ranges from 5cm to 10cm and professional player showed small changes. 2. Forward lean angle of trunk was decreased (more erected) as the length of the club increased. It ranges from 30 degrees for iron7 to 25 degrees for driver. 3. Angle between horizontal and right shoulder were increased as the length of the club increased. It ranges from 10 degrees to 20 degrees and professional player showed small changes. 4. Anterior-posterior position of the shoulders were located in front of the foot for all clubs and the difference between the shoulder and knee position was decreased as the length of the club increased. 5. Anterior-posterior position of grip (hand) was located almost beneath the shoulders (2.5cm front) for iron7, but it increased to 10cm for the driver. This grip adjustment makes the height of the posture increased only 5cm from iron7 to driver. 6. Lateral position of grip located at 5cm left for the face of iron7, but it located at the right side (behind) for the face of driver. 7. Lateral position of the ball located at the 40%(15cm) of stance from left ankle for iron7 and located at the 10% (5cm) of stance for driver. 8. Head always located at the right side of the stance and the midpoint of the eyes located at the 37% of stance from the right ankle for all clubs. This means that the axis of swing always maintained consistently for all clubs. 9. Left foot opened to the target for all subject and clubs. The maximum open angle was 25 degrees. Overall result shows that the changes of the setup variables vary only small ranges from iron7 to driver. Paradoxically it could be concluded that the failure of swing result from the excessive changes of setup not from the incorrect changes. These findings will be useful for evaluating the setup motion of golf swing and helpful to most golfers.