• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the vital capacity and maximal voluntary ventilationin subjects with forward head posture (FHP). METHODS: Twenty-eight subjects participated in this study (normal 14, FHP 14) and were resident in B city. The mean age, height and weight of subjects was 22.80yrs, 169.36cm and 62.79kg. Subjects were asked to breath maximally for FVC and repeatedly for MVV during 12 seconds. The variables of data were collected as follows: Forced Vital Capacity(FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second($FEV_1$), $FEV_1$/FVC, Maximal Voluntary Ventilation(MVV). Each trial was performed by 3 times and we used the means to analyze the data. The mann-whitney U test and independent t-test were used to compare the vital capacity between normal and FHP subjects. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0 for window versionand p-values less than 0.05 were used to identify significant differences. RESULTS: The FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC and MVV of FHP subjects were decreased more than that of normal subjects and the difference was statistically significant between two groups. CONCLUSION: The vital capacity of subjects with FHP was generally lower than normal subjects. This study shows that the vital capacityof subjectswith FHP could be decreased due to the bad neck posture that weakens the respiratory accessory muscles of neck.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to assess the effect of changes in forward head posture (FHP), neck mobility and headache clinical parameters on episodic tension-type headache (ETTH) and chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) who did craniocervial exercises. Methods: Twelve CTTH subjects and twelve ETTH subjects were studied. Side-view pictures of subjects were taken in both sitting and standing positions, in order to assess FHP by measuring the craniovertebral angle. Cervical range of motion (CROM) was employed to measure cervical mobility. A headache diary was kept to assess headache intensity, frequency, and duration. All subjects did three types of craniocervical exercise over 8 weeks. Measurements were done at pre-treatment, and at 4 and 8 weeks post-treatment. Results: Forward head posture and headache-related clinical parameters showed a significant improvement after craniocervical exercise (p<0.05). Flexion/extension and left/right rotation of CROM was significantly increased after the intervention (p<0.05), whereas changes in left/right bending did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: This study indicates that craniocervical exercise may be effective in the management of tension-type headache.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study is investigate the effects of cervical range of motion (ROM) and forward head posture (FHP) on cervical manual traction in normal adults. Methods: The subjects were randomly assigned to either the experimental group(Female 9, Male 6) who conducted the manual cervical traction or the control group(Female 9, Male 6) who did not conduct the any intervention. The subject in the EG have conducted the 1 set of 10 minutes of manual cervical traction per day, 2 times a week for 6 weeks. The cervical ROM was measured by the digital inclinometer and The factors of FHP was measured by cranial vertebral angle (CVA) and cranial rotation angle (CRA). Results: Comparing the cervical ROM and FHP between the experimental and control groups before and after the experiment, it could be seen that flexion, extension, right lateral flexion, left lateral flexion, CVA and CRA of the experimental group has been increased. Thus, cervical manual traction was resulted in the increased cervical ROM and decrease FHP. Conclusion: In this study, it was confirmed that cervical manual traction affects increase cervical ROM and decrease FHP that play a important role in neck stability and mobility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2019

PURPOSE: Forward head posture (FHP) is a head-on-trunk malalignment that results in musculoskeletal dysfunction and neck pain. To improve forward head posture, both the craniocervical flexion exercise (CCFE) and the visual guide (VG) technique have been used. This study compared the immediate effects of CCFE and VG combined with CCFE on craniovertebral angle (CVA), as well as on the activity of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and anterior scalene (AS) muscles during CCFE in subjects with FHP. METHODS: In total, 16 subjects (nine males, seven females) with FHP were recruited using the G-power software. Each subject conducted CCFE and CCFE combined with VG in random order. The CVA was recorded using a digital camera and the ImageJ image analysis software. The EMG data of SCM and AS were measured by surface electromyography. A paired T-test was used to assess differences between the effects of the CCFE and VG combined with CCFE interventions in the same group. RESULTS: The CVA was significantly greater for CCFE combined with the VG than for CCFE alone (p<.05). The activity of the SCM and AS muscles was also significantly greater when the VG was combined with CCFE than during CCFE alone across all craniocervical flexion exercise phases (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Use of the VG technique combined with CCFE improved FHP in subjects with FHP compared to CCFE alone.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

The aims of this study were to compare and analyze two types of deep cervical flexion exercises, craniocervical flexion and cervical flexion, and to ascertain their relative effects on neck and shoulder pain and functional improvement. The participants of the study were individuals who work in sedentary jobs in an office environment. 54 appropriate subjects were chosen and randomly divided into two groups: one group underwent a craniocervical flexion exercise program and the other a cervical flexion exercise program. The six week exercise program consisted of home exercises performed by each subject five times a week and education once a week. Neck-shoulder pain, muscle strengthening, cervical alignment were measured prior to commencement of the exercise programs and again after six weeks. At completion of the six week, both exercise programs decreased neck pain (p<.05). Forward head postures were reduced, and the craniocervical flexion exercise program was more effective in reducing forward head posture (p<.05). The maximum muscle strength and 50% of maximum muscle strength maintaining time of the deep cervical flexor muscles were significantly increased. There were no significant changes of the cervical lordotic curve. The results of this study showed deep cervical flexion exercise was effective in the treatment of neck and shoulder pain, however craniocervical flexion exercise was more effective than cervical flexion exercise.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.272-277
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• 2020

Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is common postural malalignment. FHP is described relatively extension to upper cervical and lower cervical is relatively flexion. Although several researchers mentioned the lower cervical flexion posture in FHP, most of the studies related to FHP is focused on the deep cervical flexor function. Objects: The purposes of present study is to compare the cervical strength (upper cervical extension [UCE], lower cervical extension [LCE], upper cervical flexion [UCF], lower cervical flexion [LCF]) between individuals with and without FHP. Methods: Fifty-one participants are recruited. Participants who have the craniovertebral angle (CVA) less than 48 degree were classified to the FHP group (n = 24) and the others were included in without FHP group (n = 27). The cervical strength (UCE, LCE, UCF, LCF) were measured using Smart KEMA strength sensor and the strength data was normalized by body weight. All strength measurement conducted at head and neck neutral position in sitting. Independent t-test was used to compare the cervical strength between individuals with and without FHP. Results: The mean value of CVA was greater in without FHP group than with FHP group (p < 0.000). The strength value of UCF (p < 0.002) and LCE (p < 0.001) was significant less in FHP group than without FHP group. But no significant differences were seen in the LCF and UCE strength between two groups. Conclusion: UCF and LCE weakness in FHP group should be considered to evaluate and manage the individuals with FHP.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2017

Purpose : The aim of this study was to verify differences in cervicocephalic joint position sense error after different sustained sitting postures in healthy young adults. Methods : Twenty-five healthy adults(12 men, 13 women) participated in this study. Repositioning errors of neck movement were observed in participants during joint repositioning tasks. During 2 test days with a 1-week interval, the participants performed forward head posture and upright sitting posture in random order. Both head-to-neutral(HTN) and head-to-target(HTT) tasks were performed on each day. On the first day, the participants sat slouched or upright for 10 minutes. Then, they sat upright and moved their heads at a self-selected speed with their eyes-closed to pre-determined neutral and target positions as accurately as possible. The participants noticed that when they reached a pre-determined position, the errors between pre-determined neutral and target positions and current position was recorded. The tasks consisted of flexion, extension and lateral bending. On the second day, the same test was performed after another sitting posture for 10 minutes. Repositioning error values were collected by using a smart phone-based inclinometer. The mean value for three trials was used for data analysis. A paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results : Significant differences in joint repositioning errors were found between the repositioning error after different sitting postures on the sagittal plane for both the HTN and HTT tasks (P<.05). No significant differences in errors on the coronal plane were found (P>.05). Conclusion : Cervicocephalic joint position sense can be affected by sitting postures, especially on the sagittal plane.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.95-102
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to the effects of the Sling Neurac stabilization exercise(SNSE) on pain, cervical lordosis angle(CLA), and cervical gravity line(CGL) in young adults with a forward head posture. The subjects of the study were selected as SNSEG(n=10) and control group(n=10), they were conducted for 70 minutes three times a week for 8 weeks. Study results showed that pain(p<.001), CGLe(p<.01) were significantly decreased and CLA(p<.001) were also significantly increased in the SNSEG. In conclusion, SNSE is effective in improving the proprioceptive sense of the LM group and activating the muscle. Co-activation with the GM group was found to be effective in improving the CLA and CGL. Therefore, reactivation of the deep neck flexors and suboccipital muscles is an important factor in pain control and postural alignment, and is suggested as an effective intervention method to improve forward head posture.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2024

This paper introduces the design of a turtle neck posture correction and prevention system for users of digital devices for a long time. The number of forward head posture patients in Korea increased by 13% from 2018 to 2021, and has not yet improved according to the latest statistics at the present time. Because of the nature of the disease, prevention is more important than treatment. Therefore, in this paper, we designed a system based on built-camera in most laptops to increase the accessiblility of the system, and utilize the features such as Pose Estimation, Face Landmarks Detection, Iris Tracking, and Depth Estimation of Google Mediapipe to prevent the need to produce artificial intelligence models and allow users to easily prevent forward head posture.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.285-294
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• 2021

This study developed a responsive healthcare system that users can easily use in real life to prevent turtle neck syndrome by posture correction. We propose a system that naturally induces direct posture improvement by adjusting the height with a responsive cradle through a turtle neck discrimination algorithm detecting the turtle neck posture in real time using a webcam. The turtle neck algorithm was developed based on machine learning, using the points that the distance relationship between the jaw line and the shoulder varies depending on the posture. For the younger age group, which is particularly problematic due to the increase in the use of IT devices, image data in different situations according to the height and posture of the cradle was collected and learned as a support vector machine classifier. In addition, a height-adjustable cradle that can support a laptop has been created and expanded into a responsive cradle that can be controlled with software by interlocking with the Arduino. Therefore, this service enables posture correction of many modern people suffering from turtle neck syndrome and will become an essential platform in the increasing online environment in the non-contact era.