• 대한약리학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.377-384
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• 1995

연교액기스가 창상치료제로서의 사용가능성을 검증하기 위하여 연교의 창상치유 효과와 독성에 대하여 조사하였으며 아울러 연교액기스가 항생작용이 있는지도 조사하였다. 연교의 창상치유 효과를 Tetrachlorodecaoxygen anion complex(TCDO) 및 단백질을 제거한 혈액투석액(Haemyl)과 생리식염수의 창상치료 효과와 비교하였다. 4일, 11일, 14일째의 창상면적은 연교액기스, TCDO, Haemyl의 치료에 의하여 대조구인 생리식염수의 치료구에 비해 유의하게 적었다. 그러나 8일째의 창상면적은 다만 연교액기스의 치료구만 유의하게 적었다. 조직학적 검사에서도 연교액기스, TCDO, Haemyl의 치료구가 생리식염수의 치료구에 비해 표피화가 촉진되었다. 간 효소활성도(GOT, GPT), 혈구의 수에 있어서 연교액기스의 투여가 대조구에 비하여 어떤 유의적 차이가 보이지 않았으며 그외에도 연교액기스는 병원균의 증식을 억제하지 않았다. 이런 결과들은 연교액기스가 장차 창상 치료제로서의 개발 가능성이 시사하였으며 그의 약리작용은 항생작용과 무관한 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.29-31
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• 2005

Antimicrobial activities of extracts of Forsythia suspensa fruits and Dendranthema indicum buds and flowers against bacteria; Escherichia coli, Staphyloccus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, and fungi; Aspergillus flavusn, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger, and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, were investigated. The plants were extracted with 70% ethanol and the extracts were used for antimicrobial activity assay. All extracts exhibited significant inhibition activity against microorganisms at concentrations ranged from 1.66 to $100\;{\mu}l/ml$. The inhibition activity by the extract of D. indicum buds was stronger than by the extract of F. suspensa fruits and D. indicum flowers. D. indicum buds showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus which was comparable to other medicinal plants. F. suspensa fruits and D. indicum flowers was suggested to be valuable sources as antimicrobial ingredients in food industry.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2011

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detector (DAD) method was established for the discrimination of a folk medicine Forsythia suspensa and Forsythia viridissima. Five and three representative metabolites of the lignan and phenolic glycoside classes were selected for the analysis from F. suspensa and F. viridissima, respectively. The optimal chromatographic conditions were obtained on an ODS column (5 ${\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250$ mm) with the column temperature at $40^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase was composed of methanol and 0.3% acetic acid using an isocratic elution with the flow rate 1 mL/min. Detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. All calibration curves showed good linear regression ($r^2$ > 0.996) within test ranges. Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) values were lower than 0.096 and 0.291 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The developed method provided satisfactory precision and accuracy with overall intra-day and inter-day variations of 0.07-0.63% and 0.14-0.62%, respectively, and the overall recoveries of 97.79-102.46% for all of the compounds analyzed. In addition, effectiveness of diverse extraction methods was compared to each other for the development of standard analytical method. The verified method was successfully applied to the quantitative determination of representative metabolites in fifty-three commercial F. suspensa samples and fifteen commercial F. viridissima samples from diverse sources. The overall analytical results showed the unequivocal differences in bioactive constituents between F. suspensa and F. viridissima.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1992

In the preliminary antitumor screening tests of Crude Drugs and collected plants, the methanol ic extract of Forsythia Fruits in Korean marcket showed signif icant cytotoxic activity against Chinese hamster V-79 cells, but that in Japanese market did not. The former was identifid as Forsythia viridissima Lindley and latter as F.suspensa Vahl on the basis of the morphological observation. When an aqueous solution of the extract prepared from the fruits of F. viridissima (Oleaceae) was partitioned successively with n-hexane, methylene chloride, n-butanol, the cytoyoxic activitywas concetrated in the methylene chloride extract. Fractionation of the extract was made with the guidance of bioassay against V-79 cells to give cytotoxic lignans, matariresiol (1) and arctigenin (2). Their ICso values of compounds 1 and 2 were respectively $7.8{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ 1 and $1.65{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$. Also, their structures were confirmed by comparison of physical and spectral data in the literature.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2008

Microglia, which is the primary immune effector cells in the central nervous system, constitutes the first line of defense against infection and injury in the brain. The goal of this study was to determine the protective (anti-inflammation) mechanisms of forsythia suspense (FS) on LPS-induced activation of BV-2 microglial cells. The effects of FS on gene expression profiles in activated BV-2 microglial cells were evaluated using microarray analysis. BV-2 microglial cells were cultured in a 100mm dish $(1{\times}10^7/dish)$ for 24hr and then pretreated with $1{\mu}g/mL$ FS or left untreated for 30 min. Next, $1{\mu}g/mL$ LPS was added to the samples and the cells were reincubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, 1hr, and 3hr. The gene expression profiles of the BV-2 microglial cells varied depending on the FS. The oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed that MAPK pathway-related genes such as Mitogen activated protein kinase 1 (Mapk1), RAS protein activator like 2 (Rasal2), and G-protein coupled receptor 12 (Gpr12) and nitric oxide biosynthesis-related genes such as nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein (Nos1ap), and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (Ddah1) were down regulated in FS-treated BV-2 microglial cells. FS can affect the MAPK pathway and nitric oxide biosynthesis in BV-2 microglial cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.569-576
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• 2012

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the potential for Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) to substitute for antibiotic in broiler chicken. First, a well-diffusion assay procedure and a 2-fold dilution method were used to determine the bacteriostatic activity of FSE on Escherichia coli K88, staphylococcus aureus, and salmonella was assayed. An inhibitory effect of FSE was observed on the growth of these bacteria. This effect seems to be dose depended, which disappeared after 25.00, 12.50, 1.56 mg/ml. Second, a 42-d trial with 252 broiler chickens (d 1, $38.7{\pm}1.1$ g BW) was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of FSE in broiler chicken. The feeding program consisted of a starter diet from d 1 to 21 and a finisher diet from d 22 to 42. Dietary treatments included were: i) NC: negative control fed a corn-soybean meal based diet; ii) PC: positive control group fed based diet with chlortetracycline; and iii) FC: a test group fed with 100 mg FSE/kg diet. In this study growth performance did not differ among treatments during the starter period. However, dietary supplemental chlortetracycline and FSE increased (p<0.05) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared with NC during the finisher and overall phase. Apparent digestibility of calcium on d 21, digestibility of energy and calcium on d 42 of FC was greater (p<0.05) than NC. Moreover, cecal Escherichia coli counts for birds from FC were lower (p<0.05) than NC. Dietary FSE supplementation also improved (p<0.05) villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratios in both duodenum and ileum and decreased (p<0.05) crypt depth in the duodenum. Duodenum villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in both duodenum and ileum from the FC group were also greater (p<0.05). Serum growth hormone and IGF-1 were not influenced by different treatments. Apparently, FSE has the potential to substitute for antibiotic in broiler chicken.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2007

본 연구는 연교 추출물과 연교 추출물에서 분리한 활성물질의 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과에 관한 것이다. 연교 추출물은 $0.1{\sim}1.0%$ (v/v)에서 세포독성이 없는 것을 확인하였으며 이를 바탕으로 멜라닌 생성억제 실험결과 1.0 %에서 $63.1{\pm}3.1%$ 저해 효과를 확인하였다. 또한 활성물질을 분리하여 $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR$, Mass analysis 등의 기기분석 결과 리그난 계열의 활성물질인 4-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl)]dihydro-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2(3H)-furanone (arctigenin)으로 동정되었다. 활성물질에 대한 멜라닌 저해효과를 확인한 결과 농도 의존적으로 $3.0{\mu}g/mL$에서 $52.7{\pm}3.1%$를 저해하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 연교 추출물을 3 % 함유한 크림의 미백효과에 대한 임상실험을 진행한 결과 전문의의 육안평가와 기기평가 모두 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 결론적으로 연교 추출물은 미백 효능을 갖는 화장품 소재로서의 개발 가능성이 클 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2011

Through analyzing the frequencies of medicinal herb combinations in the prescriptions of "Wenbingtiaobian(溫病條辨)", we could understand the characteristics of prescription composition and author's medical thoughts. So we conducted this study that analyze combination of 258 medicinal herbs in 206 prescriptions, and found meaningful combinations of 700. Among these, the most meaningful combinations are the two of 8 herbs. One consists of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Platycodon grandiflorum, Lonicera japonica Thunberg, Sojae Semen Praeparatum, Mentha piperascens (Malinv.) Holmes, Forsythia suspensa, Phyllostachys nigra var henonis, Schizonepeta tenuifolia var. japonic, the other consists of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Platycodon grandiflorum, Lonicera japonica Thunberg, Mentha piperascens (Malinv.) Holmes, Forsythia suspensa, Arctium lappa, Phyllostachys nigra var henonis, Schizonepeta tenuifolia var. japonica. The former is Yeonkyo-san without Arctium lapp, the letter is Yeonkyo-san without Sojae Semen Praeparatum. It means these combinations are kind of modified Yeonkyo-san which is effective in outthrustting through the exterior with pungent-cool and clearing heat and detoxify. In conclusion, prescriptions of "Wenbingtiaobian(溫病條辨)" involve herbs mostly used to outthrust through the exterior with pungent-cool and clear heat and detoxify. Through this study, we know the author' s one of medical view points on outthrustting through the exterior with pungent-cool and clearing heat and detoxify.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2024

Objectives : This study induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by treating them with AA+iron and investigated the effects of forsythia suspensa extract on this stress, as well as elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying its hepatoprotective effects. Methods : To confirm the antioxidative effects of FSE, HepG2 cells were induced with AA+iron to induce oxidative stress, followed by MTT assay. Additionally, the effect of FSE in reducing the increased ROS levels and mitochondrial damage induced by AA+iron in HepG2 cells was confirmed using FACS. Furthermore, western blot analysis were conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective effects of FSE. Results : FSE increased the decreased cell viability induced by AA+iron. Additionally, FSE normalized the expression of apoptosis-related proteins induced by AA+iron. The elevated ROS levels in HepG2 cells induced by AA+iron were reduced by FSE, and the increase in Rh123-negative cells induced by AA+iron was attenuated by FSE. Moreover, FSE activated the protein expression of AMPK and its related phosphorylating enzymes, LKB1 and ACC. Furthermore, FSE activated YAP and its upstream phosphorylating enzyme, LATS1. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that FSE has an inhibitory effect on oxidative stress induced by AA+iron and may have potential hepatoprotective effects.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.196-199
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• 2003

The methanol extracts from 60 plant extracts were prepared and evaluated for their antioxidative activity. Arctium lappa, Diospyros kaki, Eugenia caryophyllata, Melia azedarach and Forsythia suspensa showed the inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation. Caesalpinia sappan, Crataegus pinnatifida, Eugenia caryophyllata, Gleditsia japonica, Osmunda japonica, Rhus javanica and Sanguisorba officinalis showed the highest inhibitory activity against DPPH radical formation. In particular, Eugenia caryophyllata demonstrated strong inhibitory activity on the lipid peroxidation and free radicals. The results suggested that selected plant extracts have a potential as natural antioxidant.