• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.131-137
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• 1989

The effect of kinematic model choice on robot calibration is examined. This paper presents a complete formulation to identify the actual robot kinematic parameters directly from position data. The method presented in this paper applies to any serial link manipulator with arbitrary order and combination of revolute and prismatic joint.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1616-1624
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• 2016

The aim of present experiment was to investigate the effect of protein reduction in commercial broiler chicken rations with incorporation of de-oiled rice bran (DORB) and supplementation of limiting amino acids (valine, isoleucine, and/or tryptophan) with ration formulation either on total amino acid (TAA) or standardized ileal digestible amino acids (SIDAA). The experimental design consisted of $T_1$, TAA control; $T_2$ and $T_3$, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by 3% and 6% DORB incorporation, respectively by replacing soybean meal with supplemental limiting amino acids to meet TAA requirement; $T_4$, SIDAA control, $T_5$ and $T_6$, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by DORB incorporation (3% and 6%) with supplemental limiting amino acids on SIDAA basis. A total of 360 dold fast growing broiler chicks (Vencobb-400) were divided into 36 homogenous groups of ten chicks each, and six dietary treatments described were allocated randomly with six replications. During 42 days trial, the feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by TAA factor compared to SIDAA factor and protein factor significantly (p<0.05) reduced the feed intake at 1.5% reduction compared to normal protein group. This was observed only during pre-starter phase but not thereafter. The cumulative body weight gain (BWG) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in TAA formulations with protein step-down of 1.5% ($T_3$, 1,993 g) compared to control ($T_1$, 2,067 g), while under SIDAA formulations, BWG was not affected with protein reduction of 1.5% ($T_6$, 2,076 g) compared to $T_4$ (2,129 g). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in both TAA and SIDAA formulations with 1.5% protein step-down ($T_3$, 1.741; $T_6$, 1.704) compared to respective controls ($T_1$, 1.696; $T_4$, 1.663). The SIDAA formulation revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher BWG (2,095 g) and better FCR (1.684) compared to TAA formulation (2,028 g; 1.721). Intake of crude protein and all limiting amino acids (SID basis) was higher in SIDAA group than TAA group with resultant higher nitrogen retention (4.438 vs 4.027 g/bird/d). The nitrogen excretion was minimized with 1.5% protein reduction (1.608 g/bird) compared to normal protein group (1.794 g/bird). The serum uric acid concentration was significantly reduced in $T_3$ (9.45 mg/dL) as compared to $T_4$ (10.75 mg/dL). All carcass parameters were significantly (p<0.05) higher in SIDAA formulation over TAA formulation and 1.5% protein reduction significantly reduced carcass, breast and thigh yields. In conclusion, the dietary protein can be reduced by 0.75% with TAA formulation and 1.5% with SIDAA formulation through DORB incorporation and supplementation of limiting amino acids and among formulations, SIDAA formulation was better than TAA formulation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.568-571
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• 2001

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of storage time and temperature on the in vitro release kinetics of a commercial sustained-release dosage form of theophylline, at different pHs of the dissolution medium. The formulation was stored at $35^{\circ}C$ for 16 months and at $45^{\circ}C$ for 8 months, with a relative humidity of 60%. The in vitro release tests were performed at pHs 2, 4, 6 and 7.4. The mean values of the transport coefficient n, were close to 0.5 in all the conditions tested, which indicates that the transport system is not modified after storage of the formulation at $35^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$. The mean values of the dissolution rate constant ranged from 0.036 to 0.043 $min^{-n}$, under all the conditions tested. Significant differences (${\alpha}=0.05$) were found between pHs 2, 4 and 6, 7.4 for all the model-independent parameters studied. When the formulation was kept at $35^{\circ}C$ for 16 months, the mean percentage of drug dissolved at 8 hours was 25.61% (pHs 2, 4) and, 36.12% (pHs 6, 7.4), representing a 26% and 24% reduction, respectively. Simitar results were obtained after storing the formulation at $45^{\circ}C$ for 8 months, corresponding to 33.3% (pHs 2, 4) and, 22.5% (pHs 6, 7.4) diminution, respectively. The values of the similarity factory $f_2$, obtained were lower than 50, which indicates the lack of similarity among the dissolution profiles, after storing the formulation under the experimental Conditions tested.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.81-88
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• 2000

The elastic wave equation is solved using the finite-difference method in 3D space to simulate the seismic wave propagation. It is based on the velocity-stress formulation of the equation of motion on a staggered grid. The nonreflecting boundary conditions are used to attenuate the wave field close to the numerical boundary. To satisfy the stress-free conditions at the free-surface boundary, a new formulation combining the zero-stress formalism with the vacuum one is applied. The effective media parameters are employed to satisfy the traction continuity condition across the media interface. With use of the moment-tensor components, the wide range of source mechanism parameters can be specified. The numerical experiments are carried out in order to test the applicability and accuracy of this scheme and to understand the fundamental features of the wave propagation under the generalized elastic media structure. Computational results show that the scheme is sufficiently accurate for modeling wave propagation in 3D elastic media and generates all the possible phases appropriately in under the given heterogeneous velocity structure. Also the characteristics of the ground motion in an sedimentary basin such as the amplification, trapping, and focusing of the elastic wave energy are well represented. These results demonstrate the use of this simulation method will be helpful for modeling the ground motion of seismological and engineering purpose like earthquake hazard assessment, seismic design, city planning, and etc..

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.211-228
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• 2012

This paper reports the development of a generalized inverse analysis formulation for the parameter estimation of four-parameter Burger model. The analysis is carried out by formulating the problem as a mathematical programming formulation in terms of identification of the design vector, the objective function and the design constraints. Thereafter, the formulated constrained nonlinear multivariable problem is solved with the aid of fmincon: an in-built constrained optimization solver module available in MatLab. In order to gain experience, a synthetic case-study is considered wherein key issues such as the determination and setting up of variable bounds, global optimality of the solution and minimum number of data-points required for prediction of parameters is addressed. The results reveal that the developed technique is quite efficient in predicting the model parameters. The best result is obtained when the design variables are subjected to a lower bound without any upper bound. Global optimality of the solution is achieved using the developed technique. A minimum of 4-5 randomly selected data-points are required to achieve the optimal solution. The above technique has also been adopted for real-time settlement of four oil refineries with encouraging results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.1 s.244
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• pp.18-25
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• 2006

The purpose of this research work is to demonstrate a successful application of hybrid-mixed formulation and nodeless degrees of freedom in developing a very accurate in-plane curved beam element for free vibration analysis. To resolve the numerical difficulties due to the spurious constraints, the present element, based on the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle and considering the effect of shear deformation, employed consistent stress parameters corresponding to cubic displacement polynomials with additional nodeless degrees. The stress parameters were eliminated by the stationary condition, and the nodeless degrees were condensed by Guyan Reduction. Several numerical examples indicated that the property of the mass matrix as well as that of the stiffness matrix have a great effect on the numerical performance. The element with consistent mass matrix produced best results on convergence and accuracy in the numerical analysis of Eigenvalue problems. Also, the higher-order mixed curved beam element showed a superior numerical behavior for the free vibration analyses.

• CELLMED
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.8.1-8.7
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• 2020

Aim:'Itrifal-e-Sagheer', a compound Unani formulation has been indicated in disease conditions simulating dyslipidemia. The present study was done to substantiate the efficacy of 'Itrifal-e-Sagheer' in dyslipidemia on scientific parameters. Materials and methods: A randomized, single blind, controlled, clinical trial was carried out on 30 patients of dyslipidemia who were randomly allocated into test (n = 15) or control (n = 15) groups. The test drug, Itrifal-e-Sagheer and control drug, Abana® were given to respective group for 45 days along with lifestyle modification. Results: The test drug significantly alleviated the symptoms of subjective parameters (palpitation, breathlessness and weight gain) (p<0.05). There was statistically significant reduction in lipid profile of the patients in test group (p<0.05) than control drug treatment. Conclusion: The study evidenced that Itrifal-e-Sagheer is potentially effective and safe in the treatment of dyslipidemia. However, a multicentric study with robust study design is required to generalize the results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.467-478
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• 1994

This paper deals with dynamic behaviors of a free-piston Vuilleumier heat pump system, which are characterized by stroke of each diplacer/stroke ratio, operating frequency and phase angle. Based on the Isothermal Model, basic equations of motion are derived and linearized. In particular, dependence of damping coefficients of the dynamic parameters are taken into account in the formulation, which does not bring additional difficulties in the analysis. In order to investigate effects of design conditions on the dynamic parameters are taken into account in the formulation, which does not bring additional difficulties in the analysis. In order to investigate effects of design conditions on the dynamic characteristics, calculations are performed for the prototype made by Schulz and Thomas and results are qualitatively compared with their data obtained from the analysis as well as the experiment. It appears that they made a mistake in evaluating the hysteresis loss of the gas spring in their analysis. And, the present results show a better agreement with their experimental data than those by their own analysis. Although there are some unresolved aspects such as frequency variations with respect to the mean pressure and the hot space temperature, it is expected that the present analysis may be an effective tool for prediction of dynamics of a free- pistion VM machine at the preliminary design stage.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.561-573
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• 2010

The potential of the liquid column vibration absorber (LCVA) as a seismic vibration control device for structures has been explored in this paper. In this work, the structure has been modeled as a linear, viscously damped single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system. The governing differential equations of motion for the damper liquid and for the coupled structure-LCVA system have been derived from dynamic equilibrium. The nonlinear orifice damping in the LCVA has been linearized by a stochastic equivalent linearization technique. A transfer function formulation for the structure-LCVA system has been presented. The design parameters of the LCVA have been identified and by applying the transfer function formulation the optimum combination of these parameters has been determined to obtain the most efficient control performance of the LCVA in terms of the reduction in the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) displacement response of the structure. The study has been carried out for an example structure subjected to base input characterized by a white noise power spectral density function (PSDF). The sensitivity of the performance of the LCVA to the coefficient of head loss and to the tuning ratio have also been examined and compared with that of the liquid column damper (LCD). Finally, a simulation study has been carried out with a recorded accelerogram, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the LCVA.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2022

The free and forced nonlinear dynamic behaviors of Porous Functionally Graded Material (PFGM) plates are examined by means of a High-Order Implicit Algorithm (HOIA). The formulation is developed using the Third-order Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT). Unlike previous works, the formulation is written without resorting to any homogenization technique neither rule of mixture nor considering FGM as a laminated composite, and the distribution of the porosity is assumed to be gradually variable through the thickness of the PFGM plates. Using the Hamilton principle, we establish the governing equations of motion. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to compute approximations of the resulting equations; FEM is adopted using a four-node quadrilateral finite element with seven Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) per node. Nonlinear equations are solved by a HOIA. The accuracy and the performance of the proposed approach are verified by presenting comparisons with literature results for vibration natural frequencies and dynamic response of PFGM plates under external loading. The influences of porosity volume fraction, porosity distribution, slenderness ratio and other parameters on the vibrations of PFGM plate are explored. The results demonstrate the significant impact of different physical and geometrical parameters on the vibration behavior of the PFGM plate.