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Studies on Bacterial Characteristics of Bacillus cereus Group LS-1 Isolated from Suyeong Bay (수영만에서 분리된 Bacillus cereus Group LS-1 의 세균학적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 성희경;이원재;김용호;함건주
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.339-346
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    • 1992
  • These studies were carried out to identify Bacillus cereus group 1..5-] strain isolated from 5uyeong Bay. This strain was differentiated from B. cereus group using conventional, API system and fatty acid composition analysis. Colony characteristics were opague. mucoid, entire margin. convex. circular and non hemolysis on sheep blood agar plates, and were observed with central spore forming positive bacilli in a Gram stained preparation. and had no motility. The carbohydrates tested; glucose.maltose, and sucrose were assimilated but neither trehalose nor salicin were assimilated. This strain ultilized gelatin and was also inhibited by 6.5% NaCI. The results of biochemical examination were differented from B. cereus group LS-1 compared with others B. cereus group. The fatty acid composition contained major amounts of branched chain acids. iso $C_{15}$ and iso $C_{13}$ and the range of chain length was $C_{12}$ to C"$C_{17}$ and n$C_{15}$, acid was not detected. Automated fatty acid computer profile indicated "B. mycoides GC subgroup B of 0.312 similarity index." The results agreed with other research cases. On the other hand. A TB computer prolile index of API system (API 50 CHB & API 20E) identified" Doubtful profile of 99.7% B. firmus" . These results were presented with considerable discrepancies between API system and fatty acid analysis. With 67 biochemical characters. the similarity matrix of B. mycaides (KCTC 1033). B. thuringiensis (KCTC 1033). B. cereus (5-3) and B. mycoides (S-12) showed 42%. 42%. 59%, and 52%. respectively. Through the key tests and fatty acid analyses. we could notice the appearance of B. mycoides of the B. cereus group and this leads us to suspect the existence of a new biotype B. mycoides.

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Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Reverse Drawing Process for Manufacture of High-Capacity Aluminum Liner (대용량 알루미늄 라이너의 성형을 위한 역 드로잉 공정 해석 및 실험)

  • Lee, Seungyun;Cho, Sungmin;Lee, Sunkyu;Lyu, Geunjun;Kim, Soyoung;Kang, Sunghun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.78-84
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    • 2016
  • In this work, finite element investigations were carried out to optimize reverse drawing process design for manufacture of high-capacity aluminum liner used in fuel cell vehicle. The tensile tests with aluminum alloy Al6061 annealed at $350^{\circ}C$ were carried out to obtain the flow stresses. In order to estimate more accurate flow stresses after necking, the flow stresses were estimated from the comparison of load vs. displacement curves which were obtained from experimental and simulation results of tensile tests. In case of finite element analyses of reverse drawing processes, it was focused on the effects of process designs such as punch and die designs, blank holding force, drawing ratio and the clearance between the punch and blank holder on the generation of wrinkle and fracture of the blank and partially heated punch. However, it was revealed that experimental results still show the fracture at the end of 2nd drawn cup, although partially heated punch is used. Nevertheless, the drawn cup can be used because the sufficient length of the drawn cup for the next flow forming process and spinning process was obtained.

Electrical Properties of BaTiO3-based 0603/0.1µF/0.3mm Ceramics Decoupling Capacitor for Embedding in the PCB of 10G RF Transceiver Module

  • Park, Hwa-sun;Na, Youngil;Choi, Ho Joon;Suh, Su-jeong;Baek, Dong-Hyun;Yoon, Jung-Rag
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.1638-1643
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    • 2018
  • Multi-layer ceramic capacitors as decoupling capacitor were fabricated by dielectric composition with a high dielectric constant. The fabricated decoupling capacitors were embedded in the PCB of the 10G RF transceiver module and evaluated for the characteristics of electrical noise by the level of AC input voltage. In order to further improve the electrical properties of the $BaTiO_3$ based composite, glass frit, MgO, $Y_2O_3$, $Mn_3O$, $V_2O_5$, $BaCO_3$, $SiO_2$, and $Al_2O_3$ were used as additives. The electrical properties of the composites were determined by various amounts of additives and optimum sintering temperature. As a result of the optimized composite, it was possible to obtain a density of $5.77g/cm^3$, a dielectric constant of 1994, and an insulation resistance of $2.91{\times}10^{12}{\Omega}$ at an additive content of 5wt% and a sintering temperature of $1250^{\circ}C$. After forming a $2.5{\mu}m$ green sheet using the doctor blade method, a total of 77 layers were laminated and sintered at $1180^{\circ}C$. A decoupling capacitor with a size of $0.6mm(W){\times}0.3mm(L){\times}0.3mm(T)$ (width, length and thickness, respectively) and a capacitance of 100 nF was embedded using a PCB process for the 10G RF Transceiver modules. In the range of AC input voltage 400mmV @ 500kHz to 2200mV @ 900kHz, the embedded 10G RF Transceiver modules evaluated that it has better electrical performance than the non-embedded modules.

The Wet and Dry Etching Process of Thin Film Transistor (박막트랜지스터의 습식 및 건식 식각 공정)

  • Park, Choon-Sik;Hur, Chang-Wu
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.13 no.7
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    • pp.1393-1398
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    • 2009
  • Conventionally, etching is first considered for microelectronics fabrication process and is specially important in process of a-Si:H thin film transistor for LCD. In this paper, we stabilize properties of device by development of wet and dry etching process. The a-Si:H TFTs of this paper is inverted staggered type. The gate electrode is lower part. The gate electrode is formed by patterning with length of 8 ${\mu}$m${\sim}$16 ${\mu}$m and width of 80${\sim}$200 ${\mu}$m after depositing with gate electrode (Cr) 1500 ${\AA}$under coming 7059 glass substrate. We have fabricated a-SiN:H, conductor, etch-stopper and photo resistor on gate electrode in sequence, respectively. The thickness of these thin films is formed with a-SiN:H (2000 ${\mu}$m), a-Si:H(2000 ${\mu}$m) and n+a-Si:H (500 ${\mu}$m), We have deposited n-a-Si:H, NPR(Negative Photo Resister) layer after forming pattern of Cr gate electrode by etch-stopper pattern. The NPR layer by inverting pattern of upper gate electrode is patterned and the n+a-Si:H layer is etched by the NPR pattern. The NPR layer is removed. After Cr layer is deposited and patterned, the source-drain electrode is formed. In the fabricated TFT, the most frequent problems are over and under etching in etching process. We were able to improve properties of device by strict criterion on wet, dry etching and cleaning process.

A study of apatite formation on NaOH treated Ti alloys with different Iron content (NaOH 처리한 Fe 첨가된 Ti alloys의 아파타이트 형성관찰)

  • Seung-Woo Lee;Yun-Jong Kim;Jae-Gyeoung Ruy;Taik-Nam Kim
    • The Journal of Engineering Research
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.23-32
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    • 2004
  • Metals, ceramics and polymers are widely used as bioimplant materials. However, Ti and Ti alloys are widely used because of its high strength to weight ratio and good biocompatibility when implanted in the body. In this experiment, Ti alloys of Grade-4 (gr4), 0.2 wt % Fe, 0.5 wt % Fe and 2 wt % Fe were studied for their surface morphology and HAp forming ability on the metal substrate for different treatments. Intially, the samples were mechanically polished on silicone carbide paper (No.-2000). The polished samples were treated with 5M NaOH solution at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The NaOH treated samples were washed gently with distill water and dried at $40^{\circ}C$ for 1 day. The dried samples were heated in air at $600^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The surface morphology of these samples were studied using SEM. The SEM studies showed network of pores in all samples. These samples were immersed in stimulated body fluids (SBF) kept at $36.5^{\circ}C$ for different periods over the length of 1 to 14 days. The apatite formation was confirmed on all Ti-alloys using EDAX.

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Pro-Apoptotic Activity of 4-Isopropyl-2-(1-Phenylethyl) Aniline Isolated from Cordyceps bassiana

  • Kim, Mi Seon;Lee, Yunmi;Sung, Gi-Ho;Kim, Ji Hye;Park, Jae Gwang;Kim, Han Gyung;Baek, Kwang Soo;Cho, Jae Han;Han, Jaegu;Lee, Kang-Hyo;Hong, Sungyoul;Kim, Jong-Hoon;Cho, Jae Youl
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.367-373
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    • 2015
  • Cordyceps species including Cordyceps bassiana are a notable anti-cancer dietary supplement. Previously, we identified several compounds with anti-cancer activity from the butanol fraction (Cb-BF) of Cordyceps bassiana. To expand the structural value of Cb-BF-derived anti-cancer drugs, we employed various chemical moieties to produce a novel Cb-BF-derived chemical derivative, KTH-13-amine-monophenyl [4-isopropyl-2-(1-phenylethyl) aniline (KTH-13-AMP)], which we tested for anti-cancer activity. KTH-13-AMP suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231, HeLa, and C6 glioma cells. KTH-13-AMP also dose-dependently induced morphological changes in C6 glioma cells and time-dependently increased the level of early apoptotic cells stained with annexin V-FITC. Furthermore, the levels of the active full-length forms of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased. In contrast, the levels of total forms of caspases-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and Bcl-2 were decreased in KTH-13-AMP treated-cells. We also confirmed that the phosphorylation of STAT3, Src, and PI3K/p85, which is linked to cell survival, was diminished by treatment with KTH-13-AMP. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that this compound can be used to guide the development of an anti-cancer drug or serve as a lead compound in forming another strong anti-proliferative agent.

Recovery Pattern and Seasonal Dynamics of Kelp Species, Ecklonia cava Population Formed Following the Large-scale Disturbance (대규모 교란현상 후 형성된 대형갈조류 감태(Ecklonia cava) 개체군의 계절적 변동 및 회복 양상)

  • KIM, SANGIL;KANG, YUN HEE;KIM, TAE-HOON;PARK, SANG RUL
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.103-111
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    • 2016
  • Seasonal dynamics of kelp forest-forming algae, Ecklonia cava population formed following the large-scale disturbance by Typhoon 'Bolaven' in August 2012 were investigated in Jeju Island, Korea. Morphological characteristics, recruits density, mortality rate, total density and biomass were monitored bimonthly from June 2013 to June 2015. Total and longest blade lengths, and individual weight of E. cava showed distinct seasonal trends. Stipe length increased from winter to spring, but did not show increase or reduced from summer to autumn. This indicates that morphological characteristics of E. cava are mainly affected by the change of blades. The optimal temperature for E. cava growth was about $15-18^{\circ}C$ during winter to spring while the growths were inhibited at the water temperature above $20^{\circ}C$ during summer. E. cava exhibited very low recruitment during spring-summer. However, high recruitment was observed on April 2015 when canopy cover was very low due to low density. This indicates that recruitment of E. cava was controlled not by seasonal effects but by physical factors such as canopy and space. The mortality rate of juvenile plants was highest due to their unstable settlement. By June 2015, 34 months after the disturbances, E. cava was almost recovered to the pre-disturbance population size structure. These results suggest that recovery of kelp forest following the large-scale disturbance requires a considerable period of time (more than three years). This study should provide valuable ecological information on management, restoration and protection of kelp species.

A Bibliographical Study of Dock(Korean rice cake) (떡류(類)의 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察) -(1670년${\sim}1943$년의 우리말 조리서를 중심으로)-)

  • Mang, Hae-Yull;Lee, Hyo-Gee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.153-162
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    • 1988
  • $D{\acute{o}}ck$ (Korean rice cake) is a peculiar food of Korea made of grain. By means of cooking from, it is defined as 'Pulvberzed food of grain' $D{\acute{o}}ck$ was one of the daily food, but development of boild rice had narrowed it's use to the food of festive days and ceremonies. $D{\acute{o}}ck$ is used as a main food of all Kinds of ceremonies from one's birth to death, such as the Three seven day(a baby's twenty-first day of life), one hunderdth day, birthday, wedding, both brithday, funeral and sacrifical rites, vocational ceremonies, such as a sacrifice to spirits and a srevics for a big catch of fish. It is also used as a present and seasonal food. A large variety of $D{\acute{o}}ck$ is available and its recipe is scientific and reasonable. In this treatise, the Kinds of $D{\acute{o}}ck$ and the frequency of them, the material, the recipe, the measuring unit of material, cooking kitchen utensils and the cooking terms are studied from the books published in Korea from 1670 to 1943. 1. $D{\acute{o}}ck$ was classified as Tcbin $D{\acute{o}}ck$(steamed), Chin $D{\acute{o}}ck$(strikn), Chijin $D{\acute{o}}ck$(fried) and Salmun $D{\acute{o}}ck$(boiled), according to its way of cooking. 2. There were 122 Kinds of $D{\acute{o}}ck$, 57 were Tchin $D{\acute{o}}ck$, 35 Chin $D{\acute{o}}ck$, 20 Chijin $D{\acute{o}}ck$, and 10 Salmun $D{\acute{o}}ck$. 3. There were 34 Kinds of measuring units. Of them, 13 for volume, 4 for weight, 9 for quantity, 4 for length and 4 for the rest. 4. There were 55 Kinds of cooking Kitchen utensils but now many of them are not used because of mechanization or automation of tools of living. 5. There were 143 Kinds of cooking terms. Of them 49 for the preparing process, 25 for the mixing process, 27 for well-forming process 10 for process of getting ready to cook, 14 for heating process, 10 for cutting process, 5 for dishin process and 3 for process of soaking in sugar or honey.

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The Improvement of Fabrication Process for a-Si:H TFT's Yield (a-Si:H TFT의 수율 향상을 위한 공정 개선)

  • Hur, Chang-Wu
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.1099-1103
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    • 2007
  • TFT's have been intensively researched for possible electronic and display applications. Through tremendous engineering and scientific efforts, a-Si:H TFT fabrication process was greatly improved. In this paper, the reason on defects occurring at a-Si:H TFT fabrication process is analyzed and solved, so a-Si:H TFT's yield is increased and reliability is improved. The a-Si:H TFT of this paper is inverted staggered type TFT. The gate electrode is formed by patterning with length of $8{\mu}m{\sim}16{\mu}m$ and width of $80{\sim}200{\mu}m$ after depositing with gate electrode (Cr). We have fabricated a-SiN:H, conductor, etch-stopper and photo-resistor on gate electrode in sequence, respectively. We have deposited n+a-Si:H, NPR(Negative Photo Resister) layer after forming pattern of Cr gate electrode by etch-slower pattern. The NPR layer by inverting pattern of upper Sate electrode is patterned and the n+a-Si:H layer is etched by the NPR pattern. The NPR layer is removed. After Cr layer is deposited and patterned, the source-drain electrode is formed. The a-Si:H TFT made like this has problems at photo-lithography process caused by remains of PR. When sample is cleaned, this remains of PR makes thin chemical film on surface and damages device. Therefor, in order to improve this problem we added ashing process and cleaning process was enforced strictly. We can estimate that this method stabilizes fabrication process and makes to increase a-Si:H TFT's yield.