• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2001

On the assumption that the voices of the cows are produced by the linear prediction filter, we characterized the cows’voices. The order of this filter was determined by examining the voice characteristics both in time and frequency domains. The proposed order of the linear prediction filter is 15 for modeling voice production of the cow. The characteristics of the amplitude envelope of the voice signal was investigated by analyzing the sequence of the short time variance both in time and frequency domains, and the new parameters were defined. One of the coefficients o the linear prediction filter generating the voice signal, the fundamental frequency, the slope of the straight line regressed from the log-log spectra of the short time variance and the coefficients of the linear prediction filter generating the sequence of the short time variance of the voice signal can differentiate the two cows.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.71-94
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the sound distortion following the alternation of the palatal plate thickness. For this study, 2 healthy male subjects (24-year-old) were selected. Born in Seoul, they both spoke Seoul dialect. First, their sounds of /na(나)/, /da(다)/, /1a(라)/, /ja(자)/, /cha(차)/, /ta(타)/, without inserting plates were recorded, and then the sounds with palatal plates of different thickness were recorded, successively. The plate was fabricated in 3 types, each palatal thickness being 1.0mm, 2.5mm, dentoalveolar portion 2.5mm, other residual portion was 1.0mm, successively. Each type plates named B, C, D-type, in succession. Series of analysis were administered through Computer(16 bit) to analyze the sound distortions. These experiments were analyzed by the LPC (without weighting, pre-weighting, post-weighting) of the consonants, vowels portion, formant frequency of the vowels and word duration of the consonants. The findings led to the following conclusions: 1. There was no correlation of the distortion rate on the 2 informants. 2. Generally, vowels were not affected by the palatal plate thickness in the formant analysis, however, more distortion was detected in the LPC analysis, especially C, D-type plates. 3. Consonants distortion was more evident in the C, D-type plate. 4. The second formant was most disturbed and reduced in the all consonants with insertion of the palatal plate, especially C, D-type plate. 5. Word duration was shortened in the plate inserted(except /ja/, /cha/), especially C, D-type. 6. It was found that dentoalveolar, hard palatal sounds were severely distorted in plate inserted, and they were mainly affected by the dentoalveolar portion thickness. 7. There was correlation between palatal thickness and consonants quality.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.1B
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

The people frequently drink coffee under stress at work, according to increase attractive of leisure activities, favourite food in modern society. The coffee taste which we are catching the taste of modern people is depending on various kinds processing methods such as a mixture of beans. However, the most coffee contains $C_8H_{10}O_2N_4$ which affected various parts of the body. These $C_8H_{10}O_2N_4$, is that the main component of coffee is caffeine. Therefore, in this paper, we are analyzed influence about articulator according to increase in $C_8H_{10}O_2N_4$ 250mg contains a cup of coffee. From this, we gradually increased the amount of $C_8H_{10}O_2N_4$ intake about thirty persons of men in his 20's in experiments. Then we performed a study about Jitter, Formant, Spectrum in voice analysis parameter by applying the results having an affect articulator.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1992.06a
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• pp.43-48
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• 1992

In the area of speech vocoder systems, the MBE vocoder allows the high quality and low bit rate. In the MBE parameters detection, the dicision methods of V/UV region proposed until now are dependent highly to the other parameters, fundamental frequency and formant information. In this paper, thus, we propose a new V/UV detection method that uses a zero-crossing rate of flatten harmonices spectrum. This method can reduce the influences of the other parameters for the V/UV regions detection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.10d
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• pp.616-618
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 음성인식 성능을 높이기 위한 기본적 단계인 음성과 비음성 부분의 경계를 추출하는 음성 경계 추출 방법을 제안한다. 음성경계 추출을 위한 특징들로는 시간영역 분할 파라미터인 ZCR, MA를 사용하고 주파수 영역 분할 파라미터로 주파수 대역 파워 에너지 (Frequency band power energy), 포만트 계수 (Formant coefficient)를 사용하였고 각 파라미터들을 이용하여 음성 경계를 결정할 때 경험에 의해 임계치를 결정하는 단점을 보안하기 위해서 신경망을 이용한다. 신경망의 가중치와 임계치들은 지도 학습을 통해 최적화 되고, 학습을 통해 구성된 망을 음성과 비음성의 경계치 구분에 사용한다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1042-1045
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose the speaker identification system that uses vowel that has speaker's characteristic. System is divided to speech feature extraction part and speaker identification part. Speech feature extraction part extracts speaker's feature. Voiced speech has the characteristic that divides speakers. For vowel extraction, formants are used in voiced speech through frequency analysis. Vowel-a that different formants is extracted in text. Pitch, formant, intensity, log area ratio, LP coefficients, cepstral coefficients are used by method to draw characteristic. The cpestral coefficients that show the best performance in speaker identification among several methods are used. Speaker identification part distinguishes speaker using Neural Network. 12 order cepstral coefficients are used learning input data. Neural Network's structure is MLP and learning algorithm is BP (Backpropagation). Hidden nodes and output nodes are incremented. The nodes in the incremental learning neural network are interconnected via weighted links and each node in a layer is generally connected to each node in the succeeding layer leaving the output node to provide output for the network. Though the vowel extract and incremental learning, the proposed system uses low learning data and reduces learning time and improves identification rate.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.78-85
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• 1989

This paper describes a statistical methods and perception test for extracting the parameters to be used for the synthesis-by-rule of Korean plosives. Formant synthesizer is chosen for the synthesis of the phonemes. Speech materials for the analysis consists of 72 CV monosyllables from the single male speaker. The analysis is done mainly focused on the variation of parameters in time and frequency domain, then perception tests are executed to estimate the effects of variations of the formant transitions.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-34
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• 1998

The author collected and compared midsagittal, coronal, coronal oblique, and transversal images of Korean monophthongs /a, i, e, o, u, i, v/ produced by a healthy male speaker using 1.5 T MR, VISION. Area was measured by computer software after tracing the cross-section at different points along the tract. Results showed that the width of the oral and pharyngeal cavities varied compensatorily from each other on the midsagittal dimension. Formant frequency values estimated from the area functions of the seven vowels showed a strong correlation (r=0.978) with those analyzed from the spoken vowels. Moreover, almost all of 35 students who listened to the synthesized vowels from area data perceived the synthesized vowels as equivalent to the spoken ones. Movement of constriction points of vowel /u/ with wider lip opening sounded /i/ and led to slight changes in vowel quality. Jaw and tongue movement led to major volume variation with an anatomical limitation. Each comer vowel varied systematically from a somewhat constant volume of the average area. Thus, the author proposed that any simulation studies related to vocal tract area variation should reflect its constant volume. The results may be helpful to verify exact measurement of the vocal tract area through vowel synthesis and a simulation study before having any operation of the vocal tract.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1997

Total laryngectomy has become an usual treatment for any advanced carcinoma of the laynx, but most patients who have undergone total laryngectomy have shown permanant disability in voice production. I compared the first three formant frequencies estimated from MRI to those measured directly from speech data of the T-E patients and the normal. It was to estimate the accuracy of MRI and to compare the vocal tract shape of the normal to T-E patients. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The middle sagittle section of the MRI represents vocal tract well during pnonation. The vocal tract shape of the T-E shunt patients are lack of pharyngeal space and superior space of the glottis. 2. The length of the normal subject's vocal tract is 17 cm. For the T-E shunt patients, the length from lip to shunt opening is 17.5 cm in case 1, and 18.5 cm in case 2. That of the true resonante chamber is 13 cm and 13.5 cm for each case respectively. 3. T-E shunt patients phonated strained voice. The intensity of the higher formant frequency decreased especially in /o/, /u/. 4. The vocal tract is shortened during the phonation by T-E shunt patients. In case of /e/ and /i/, front cavities are constricted while back cavities are shortened. 5. The pseudoglottis of the T-E shunt patients is located at $14{\sim}15\;cm$ below from lips.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 1997

Background : The rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry can assess e nasal passage dynamically and statically Recently, analytic methods such as nasometer and sound spectrogram are gaining wide attention to evaluate the nasality objectively. Objectives : firstly to determine if ere was a relationship between the new methods and nasal airway resistance, and secondly to establish if the measurement of nasalance and sound spectrum could be used as an alternative to rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry. Materials and Methods : Thirty two patients who underwent either septoplasty and turbinectomy for nasal obstruction were studied. And their ages ranged form 15 to 45 years, with an average of 26.1 years. The rhinomanometry, nasometer, sound spectrogram were performed at preoperative and postoperative 4 weeks day. Results : After operation, subjective symptoms and rhinomanometric results were significantly improved but nasalance and slope of nana, mama and mamma passage had not meningful change. The significnat changes were noted in nasalance and first nasal formant frequency of nasal consonant of velum(angang). Conclusion : Nasometer and sound spectrogram had a limitation for the measure of nasal patency.