• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.205-218
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• 2011

Unit testing which is the first task to perform software testing has a major impact on reducing s/w development cost and improving s/w quality. In order to make unit testing become the formal procedure rather than ad-hoc tasks performed by developer, the language-neutral measures are necessary in the programming which is able to specify the test cases. This paper presents a test assertion language for the language-neutral specification of the test cases. The suggested language is based on the ISO/IEC 24709-1, but it supports object oriented features and can describe test cases for unit testing. The test cases that are specified by the language can be used for generating test oracle source codes by test oracle generation tools.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.9 no.spc
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• pp.131-148
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• 2003

This paper, conducted within the GB framework, investigates inversion phenomena in the functional categories, Focalization Phrases and Topicalization Phrases. The leading idea of this paper is that formal feature checking in these two functional categories is mostly responsible for inversion in which either verb or auxiliary verbs appear in front of subjects and also it will try to find an answer to the following questions: "What are the features that trigger the inversion?" and "Can all the inversion constructions explained by Haegeman's Focalization & Topicalization?" My discussion is largely based on English inversion constructions such as wh-inversion, negative inversion, and adverbial inversion. Also I will show there are some problems in Topicalization and Focalization analysis to explain some inversion constructions and present Rizzi(1999)'s analysis for those problems.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.14A no.7
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• pp.457-466
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• 2007

IEC61131-3 is the standard of control languages in which special purpose controllers and motion controllers such as PLC can be programmed. IL(Instruction List), one of the standard languages, is in assembly level but has some high-level features. This paper describes a formal semantics of IL in operational style. Previous works on IL semantics do not include functions and function blocks, which is not so practical. We define IL semantics including functions and function blocks.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2004

This paper introduces the software life-cycle V&V (verification and validation) tasks for the KNICS (Korea nuclear instrumentation and control system) project. The objectives of the V&V tasks are mainly to develop a programmable logic controller (PLC) for safety critical instrumentation and control (I&C) systems, and then to apply the PLC to developing the prototype of an engineered safety features-component control system (ESF-CCS) in nuclear power plants. As preparative works for the software V&V, various kinds of software plans and V&V task procedures have been developed according to the software life-cycle management. A number of software V&V tools have been adopted or developed to efficiently support the V&V tasks. The V&V techniques employed in this work include a checklist-based review and inspection, a requirement traceability analysis, formal verification, and life-cycle based software testing.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.433-437
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• 2005

The goal of our research is to develop a formal modeling methodology for supervisory and controlling systems that have artificially intelligent features. This approach is agent-based and central to the development of the model of mobility agent considering reactivity for real-time purpose and deliberation for optimal realization and safe-fail problems for critical systems like Intelligent Transportation Systems by high-level Petri net. By using nets within nets we investigate the concurrency of the system and the agent in one model without losing the needed abstraction, and synchronous channels are introduced to denote the coordination and communication. Finally an example is demonstrated.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.83-102
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to find out some major characteristics of intermediate-advanced Korean learners' English by corpus- linguistically analyzing their essays in comparison with native speakers'. We construct a corpus of CBT TOEFL essays by Korean learners, NNS1 (94076 words in 402 texts), and its sub-corpus, NNS2 (14291 words in 45 texts), and then a corpus of model essays written or meticulously edited by native speakers, NS (14833 words in 35 texts). We compare NNS1 and NNS2 with NS, and with some other corpora, in terms of high-frequency words, and show that Korean learners' writings have more features of informal writing than those of formal writing, which is in accord with the reports in Granger (1998) that EFL writings by European advanced learners are characterized by informality.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-118
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose a visual relational database query language, VRQL, by modifying and extending the recently proposed $VOQL^*$. Like $VOQL^*$, VRQL, based on ven Diagram and graph, naturally reflects the structure of schemas in queries and has recursive formal semantics. However, VRQL has relationally complete expressiveness, while $VOQL^*$ is only a conjunctive query language. In the logical definition part of VRQL, which is the relational version of $VOQL^*$, most features of $VOQL^*$ are retained, and the semantics of queries are based on the tuple relational calculus. In the procedural definition part of VRQL, by introducing the concept of VRQL view and set operations, the expressiveness of VRQL is increased to the level equivalent to that of the relational algebra. Due to the introduction of VRQL views, existing queries or temporary queries used in the process of creating queries can be represented with views, so that complex queries may be represented more conveniently. Set operations, used with VRQL views, enable us to represent various queries, beyond the expressiveness of conjunctive query languages.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.22-38
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• 2015

While Modern Standard Arabic is the formal spoken and written language of the Arab world; dialects are the major communication mode for everyday life. Therefore, identifying a speaker's dialect is critical in the Arabic-speaking world for speech processing tasks, such as automatic speech recognition or identification. In this paper, we examine two approaches that reduce the Universal Background Model (UBM) in the automatic dialect identification system across the five following Arabic Maghreb dialects: Moroccan, Tunisian, and 3 dialects of the western (Oranian), central (Algiersian), and eastern (Constantinian) regions of Algeria. We applied our approaches to the Maghreb dialect detection domain that contains a collection of 10-second utterances and we compared the performance precision gained against the dialect samples from a baseline GMM-UBM system and the ones from our own improved GMM-UBM system that uses a Reduced UBM algorithm. Our experiments show that our approaches significantly improve identification performance over purely acoustic features with an identification rate of 80.49%.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.349-366
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• 2008

The EU recently adopted the policy for organic food and farming, Even though the EU enacted a regulation for organic farming in 1991, there has been no formal policy for supporting organic farming in the EU. This may mean that the EU regards the organic food and farming as an important sector for the future of European farming. Therefore, this study firstly explores the development processes and current situation of the EU organic food and farming policy, and then summaries the priorities of the EU organic food and farming sector. These were reflected to make up an action plan and a new regulation for the EU organic food and farming. The main features of the recent change in the EU policy would be the application of comprehensive perspective for dealing with organic food and farming issues.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.90-94
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• 2001

This study hypothesizes that the imageability of a particular environments is decided by the unity of each visual sequences. We selected Ch'angdok Palace as our subject due to its greater applicability for image construction among various Korean architectures and their street furnitures. we apply the analytical methods of formal aesthetics and symbolic aesthetics to Ch'angdok Palace's space compositional characteristics, we can find distinctive features. The conclusions are that Ch'angdok Palace contains high probability of imageability through the contrast and harmony of two themes, reality and the ideal, and the rational and the emotional.