• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1255-1263
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• 2008

A Safety Case is an railway organization's formal arrangement, through the provision of policies, resources and processes, to ensure the safety of its work activity within safety management system. An effective system helps the organization to identify and manage risks effectively. It allows an organization to demonstrate its capability in achieving its safety objectives and in meeting regulatory requirements. The purpose of this research is to give how to the risk assessments are described within Railway Safety Cases can be prepared and maintained to meet the criteria specified by the upcoming railway regulations. Through this research, we propose the elements of safety management system that include arrangements for the ongoing identification of hazards, assessment of risks and the implementation of necessary control measures.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2017

The Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) is a structured and systematic methodology developed by the IMO, aimed at assessing the risk of vessels and recommending the method to control intolerable risks, thereby enhancing maritime safety, including protection of life, health, the marine environment and property, by using risk analysis and cost-benefit assessment. While the FSA has mostly been applied to merchant vessels, it has rarely been applied to a DP vessel, which is one of the special purpose vessels in the offshore industry. Furthermore, most of the FSA has been conducted so far by using the Fault Tree Analysis tool, even though there are many other risk analysis tools. This study carried out the FSA for safe operation of DP vessels by using the Bayesian network, under which conditional probability was examined. This study determined the frequency and severity of DP LOP incidents reported to the IMCA from 2001 to 2010, and obtained the Risk Index by applying the Bayesian network. Then, the Risk Control Options (RCOs) were identified through an expert brainstorming and DP vessel simulations. This study recommends duplication of PRS, regardless of the DP class and PRS type and DP system specific training. Finally, this study verified that the Bayesian network and DP simulator can also serve as an effective tool for FSA implementation.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2011

본 논문은, 국적일반화물선 공식안전성평가(Formal Safety Assessment, 이하 FSA) 연구의 1, 2 단계에 해당하는 위험요소 식별(Hazard identification) 및 식별된 사고 시나리오에 대한 위험도 분석(Risk analysis) 결과를 소개한 "국적일반화물선 초기안전성평가 연구(1)"에 이어 FSA 연구의 3, 4 그리고 5단계를 수행한 내용으로, 국적일반화물선의 운용 중 발생 가능한 위험을 저감할 수 있는 위험도제어방안들(Risk Control Options)을 식별하는 단계(Step 3)와 식별된 위험도제어방안들 중 전문가 의견수렴을 통하여 선별된 위험도제어방안들을 대상으로 한 비용-효과 평가 단계(Step 4: Cost-Benefit Assessment) 그리고 비용-효과 평가의 결과를 정리하여 국적일반화물선의 안전성 제고를 위한 구체적인 방안을 제안하는 단계(Step 5: Recommendation for Decision Making)의 결과를 소개하였다.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

The current paper deals with the safety of fishing vessels, which needs more speculations than other ship types. The characteristics of accidents of fishing vessels are rather different compared with other commercial vessels. In the context, the methodology of the formal safety assessment, one of the important issues in the maritime world to enhance the safety of marine vehicles, are reviewed and consulted along with other methodologies to see its applicability for fishing vessels. It is anticipated that further effective measures for better safety of fishing vessels can be identified including due considerations of the aspect of human elements, i.e. cultural environment.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 Asia Navigation Conference
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• pp.11-18
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• 2006

Ship Pilotage is one of the most important parts in the construction and development of Shanghai International Shipping Center as it has the fundamental function for the promotion and speed-up of the ship navigation and cargo operation. Recently, Shanghai Maritime University and Shanghai Harbour Pilotage Administration Station had carried out a research project of 'Study on Ship Safety Pilotage in the Shanghai Harbour by Way of FSA (Formal Safety Assessment)'. The aim of this project is to put out some proposes of the decision-making for the improvement of the safety pilotage in Shanghai habour through the way of the FSA. Now these proposes of the decision-making have been adopted and conducted in practice and satisfactory results have been achieved. In the paper, some detailed information, methods and ideas about this research project have been introduced and explained for improving the safety pilotage in Shanghai Harbour.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2016

Objectives : Traditional medicine(TM) of East Asia has been taking its status as part of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) in the UK. However, the efficacy and safety issues make it hard to be accepted in the healthcare system. The aim of the research is to find out the current status of TM of East Asia in the UK and to discuss some issues around its acceptance as formal healthcare method. Methods : Articles, books and regulations related to the acceptance of TM of East Asia were analysed and the internet websites were visited such as Westlaw UK for legal materials, government websites for formal documents, and some UK-based associations. Keyword searches were followed and the essential parts from the articles and documents were generalised for the analysis and discussion. Results : Issues over TM of East Asia include identity as medicine, efficacy and safety, and the statutory regulation can be a measure for the acceptance. Osteopathy and chiropractic therapies came under statutory regulation among the CAM in the UK. Conclusions : TM of East Asia could be under the statutory regulation in the near future. Efficacy and safety issues are the challenging barrier. However, the approach from the viewpoint of TM of East Asia is necessary for development and good practice. The simplified registration procedure for traditional herbal medicinal product in EU can be the model. Education, evaluation, assessment and managing quality of practice are essential for the standard care and formal regulation.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2010

최근 IMO에서는 산적화물선 및 유조선, 대형여객선에 이어 '일반화물선의 안전(general cargo ships safety)'에 대한 논의의 필요성이 제기(IMO, 2006a)되고 있으며, 본격적인 논의를 위한 준비 작업으로 국제선급협회(IACS)를 통한 공식안전성평가(Formal Safety Assessment, 이하 FSA) 작업이 수행되고 있다. FSA란 위험도(risk)분석과 비용-효과 평가(cost-benefit assessment)를 바탕으로 인명, 해양환경 및 재산의 보호를 포함한 해사안전의 향상을 목적으로 한 구조화되고 체계적인 방법론으로서 새로운 법규의 평가, 기존법규와 새로운 (제안) 법규와의 비교, 그리고 여러 이해관계자의 공감대 형성을 통해 법규 변경/개발을 용이하게 하는 수단이다(IMO, 2007). 본 연구는 국적일반화물선의 안전성 평가를 위한 수단으로서 IMO FSA방법론의 유용성을 확인하고, 향후 IMO에서의 '일반화물선 안전'에 대한 논의에 대응하기 위한 기초자료의 확보를 목적으로 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 국적일반화물선에 대한 FSA의 1, 2 단계에 해당하는 위험요소 식별(Hazard identification) 및 사고시나리오에 대한 위험도 분석(Risk analysis) 결과를 중심으로 소개하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2004

1970년대의 해기사들의 선박의 안전에 대한 비판과 연구에서 문제를 제기한 후, 오늘날 국제해사기구(IMO)를 비롯하여 선박안전 평가 방법의 개발과 소개가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 선박안전의 상당부분이 인적과실에 기인하여 이에 대한 고려 요구가 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선박안전평가 방법의 개요를 살피고 인적과실의 구조 인식을 통한 문화적, 교육적 영향인자에 대해 고찰함으로써 선박안전성 제고에 기여하고자 한다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2013

A subsea chemical injection system treats blockage problems in a subsea production system. It is important to treat problems quickly, because production delays cause fatal profit losses in a subsea production system. Therefore, the subsea industry requires a relatively higher reliability level for a production system compared to other industries. In this study, a subsea chemical injection system (linked to a control system) to inject chemicals into a subsea X-mas tree was analyzed. By using FSA (Formal Safety Assessment), the risk factors were defined and a quantitative risk analysis utilizing FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) and ETA (Event Tree Analysis) was performed. As a result, the effectiveness of a risk reduction option was evaluated.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2017

Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) has been mostly implemented on the hardware aspects of vessels. Although there are guidelines regarding human error FSAs, there have not been many assessments in such areas. To this end, this study seeks to use precedent studies for the safe operation of DP vessels, conducting an FSA regarding human error of DP LOP (Loss of Position) incidents. For this, the study referred to precedent studies for the frequency of DP LOP incidents caused by human errors, adding the severity of LOP incidents, and then applying them to the Bayesian network. As a result, the study was able to confirm that among DP LOP incidents caused by human errors, the drive-off from skill-based errors was 74.3% and the drive-off from unsafe supervision was 50.5%. Based on such results, RCOs (Risk Control Options) were devised through a brainstorming session with experts coming up with proposals including providing mandatory DPO training, installing DP simulator on the vessels, drawing up measures to understanding the procedures for safe operation of DP vessels. Moreover, it was found that mandatory DPO training is reasonable in terms of cost benefits and that while installing a DP simulator is not suitable in terms of cost benefits, it can significantly reduce risks when operating DP vessels.