• 자원환경지질
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.501-514
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• 2023

산불은 연소 과정에서 다양한 오염물질을 배출하여 심각한 환경 문제를 초래할 수 있다. 최근 지구 온난화와 기후변화의 영향으로 전 세계적으로 산불의 규모와 빈도가 증가하여 환경에 미치는 영향 역시 급증할 것으로 예상된다. 한국은 산불 발생이 빈번한 동해안 지역에 원자력 발전소가 위치하고 있어, 중대 사고에 대비하여 산불 환경에서 방사성 핵종의 거동 특성에 대한 이해가 요구된다. 본 리뷰 논문에서는 산불이 지하수 토양 환경에 가져오는 변화와 오염 특성을 검토하고, 산불로 변화된 지하수 토양 환경에서의 방사성 핵종 거동을 고찰하였다. 특히, 변화된 지중환경의 여러 특성 중 방사성 핵종의 거동에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인들을 고려하였으며, 보다 구체적인 메커니즘 이해를 위해 산불이 초래하는 지하수 토양 환경 변화와 오염에 대한 연구의 필요성을 기술하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.105-112
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• 1999

Landcover change is an important factor that changes structure and function of regional ecosystem. As the rise of concern on environment quality, many studies are trying to quantify and evaluate the landsacpe in recent days. In this study, using landscape indices with RS(Remote Sensing) and GIS(Geographic Information System) technology, spatio-temporal variations of areas and distribution of forest patches were examined in the Chonan from 1985 to 1996. Fragstats 2.0 was employed to analyze and compute 31 landscape indices from 52 landcover maps. A result of this study showed that area of forest and paddy decreased as a result of urban sprawl. Especially from 1993 to 1996, the change of land use progressed rapidly because of merging a city and a country in Chonan. The size of patch in forest had been smaller and irregular form, heterogeneity of size of forest patches within sub-basin increased, and variety of patch types around forest patches increased from 1985 to 1996.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.4-14
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• 2005

CarboKorea and HydroKorea are the domestic projects aiming to improve our understanding of carbon and water cycles in a typical Korean forest located in a complex terrain with a watershed connected to large rivers. The ultimate goal is to provide a nowcasting of these cycles for the whole Peninsula. The basic strategy to achieve such goal is through the inter- and multi-disciplinary studies that synthesize the in-situ field observation, modeling and remote sensing technology. The challenge is the fact that natural ecosystems are nonlinear and heterogeneous with a wide range of spatio-temporal scales causing the variations of mass and energy exchanges from a leaf to landscape scales. Our paradigm now shifts from temporal variation at a point to spatial patterns and from spatial homogeneity to complexity of water and carbon at multiple scales. Yet, a large portion of our knowledge about land-atmosphere interactions has been established based on tower observations, indicating that the development of scaling logics holds the key to the success of CarboKorea and HydroKorea. Here, we review the pioneering work of FIFE (First ISLSCP Field Experiment) on scaling issues in a temperate grassland and discuss the lessons from it for the application to Gwangneung forest site.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.515-522
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• 2010

The purpose of this research was to construct an efficient management system in developing and supplying a 'management standard diagnostic table' for the improvement of chestnut cultivation farmhouse. 'Chestnut management standard diagnostic table' were based from the actual condition of chestnut management in Chungcheongnam-do, selected 'appraisal factor item and by consulting 'agricultural plant standard diagnostic table' and various kinds of data which had already been developed. This research also consulted the classification systems and degree of importance. The developed 'Chestnut management diagnostic table' consisted of 3 first classified items, 19 second classified items and 2 product indicator items.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.551-558
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• 2016

Katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. Et Zucc) bark was collected, air-dried and extracted with 70% aqueous acetone, then concentrated and sequentially fractionated using n-hexane, methylene chloride ($CH_2Cl_2$), ethylacetate (EtOAc), and $H_2O$. The $H_2O$ fraction was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column with various aqueous MeOH eluting solvents to isolate an ellagitannin. The isolate was elucidated as macabarterin, a polyoxygenated ellagitannin by NMR analysis, including HSQC, HMBC, Q-TOF MS, and with the comparison of authentic literature data. The compound was an ellagitannin which was isolated, for the first time, from the extracts of Katsura tree bark, and has never been reported before in domestic tree or plant sources.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.559-570
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• 2016

The EtOAc and $H_2O$ soluble fractions of Katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. Et Zucc) bark extracts were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column with various aqueous MeOH. Gallic acid (1), methyl galate (2), kurigalin (3), 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-${\beta}$-D-glucose (4) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-${\beta}$-D-glucose (5) were isolated from EtOAc fraction. Isocorilagin (6) and methyl galate (2) were separated from $H_2O$ fraction. The structure determination was done by $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR. Of these isolated compounds, methyl galate (2), kurigalin (3) and isocorilagin (6) were isolated, for the first time, from the bark extracts of Cercidiphyllum japonicum.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2006

The number of species and forest area has decreased as urbanization is progressed. The landscape degradation was examined by analyzing vegetation map, satellite image and characteristics of actual vegetation. The study was conducted in Mt. Baekja and its surroundings located on Gyeongsan city, southeastern Korea. As the result of landscape analysis, agricultural field was a characteristic attribute of the study area. Lowlands of this study area were occupied by agricultural field and various plantations. For 15 years from 1987 to 2002, forest area decreased from 2,072.9 ha to 1,853.2 ha, and shape index and fractal dimension of vegetation patches increased from 1.32 to 1.65 and from 1.05 to 1.09, respectively. Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucco. community showed the highest species diversity, whereas Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere community showed the lowest species abundance. As forest management implications, monitoring of endangered plant species (Jeffersonia dubia (Maxim.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Baker & S.Moore), and restoration of lowland forest from plantation to natural forest were discussed. Further, establishment of greenways utilizing existing streams, roadside, and public facilities were recommended.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.591-601
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• 2007

Spatial information on forest biomass is an important factor to evaluate the capability of forest as a carbon sequestrator and is a core independent variable required to drive models which describe ecological processes such as carbon budget, hydrological budget, and energy flow. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between satellite image and field data, and to quantitatively estimate and map the spatial distribution of forest biomass. Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) derived vegetation indices and field survey data were applied to estimate the biomass distribution of mountainous forest located in Gwangneung Experimental Forest (230 ha). Field survey data collected from the ground plots were used as the dependent variable, forest biomass, while satellite image reflectance data (Band 1~5 and Band 7), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and RVI (Ratio Vegetation Index) were used as the independent variables. The mean and total biomass of Gwangneung catchment area were estimated to be about 229.5 ton/ha and $52.8{\times}10^3$ tons respectively. Regression analysis revealed significant relationships between the measured biomass and Landsat derived variables in both of deciduous forest ($R^2=0.76$, P < 0.05) and coniferous forest ($R^2=0.75$, P < 0.05). However, there still exist many uncertainties in the estimation of forest ecosystem parameters based on vegetation remote sensing. Developing remote sensing techniques with adequate filed survey data over a long period are expected to increase the estimation accuracy of spatial information of the forest ecosystem.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.83-92
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• 1999

To investigate the influence of forest road characteristics and site conditions on the stability of forest-road in granite area, four forest roads had been selected in Kyongbuk regions. The total of 13 road characteristic variables were evaluated by the discriminant analysis. The factors influencing the stability of forest road were bed rock, slope length, coverage, hardness, side-ditch erosion and road width. But aspect and soil texture were not significant for the stability in this area. In the correlation between forest environment and road structure, hardness and bed rock was highly significant in stability group, and coverage and side-ditch erosion was highly significant in instability group. 75 of 175 segments were instable whereas the others were stable. The centroids value by discriminant function in the stability and instability were estimated to 3.0585 and -1.9116, respectively. The stability criterion of forest road was discriminated from the centroids value of the each group. The main factors contributing the stability of forest road were significant in order of side-ditch erosion, coverage, soil texture, elevation, gradient, slope length and construction year. The prediction rate of discriminant function for stability evaluation of forest road was as high as 97.44%. In conclusion, the forest road structure factors such as length, coverage and slope gradient were controlled by construction techniques. If the factors like those should be considered in design, construction and forest road management, the stability of forest road may increase more. And also, it is necessary to take slope protection measures like small terraces and retaining walls for stability of cut slope.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제20권
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• pp.77-82
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• 2002

This study was carried out in order to produce useful material for the forest multiple use and forest protection by physico-chemical soil analysis of studied area in Sokwang-ri Forest Genetic Resource Protection Forest which was divided into in standard plots include Tricholoma matsutake and Sarcodon aspratus production forest. The result of physico-chemical soil analysis represented as following. The soil type of T. matsutake production forest was Dry brown forest soil(B1), while on the other hand the soil type of S. aspratus production forest was Moderately moist brown forest soil(B3). Between T. matsutake and S. aspratus production forest did not result in significant changes in soil pH(5.22-5.60) and soil depth(47cm), but available phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen contents were different results. CN ratio of the fairy ring of T. matsutake was quite lower than that in S. aspratus production forests, which indicated that T. matsutake production forest was built up in the relatively immature soils which contain little organic matter. Generally, it was predicted that Pinus densiflora for. erecta forest succeeded to deciduous tree forest in stable soil environments. To conserve these T. matsutake and S. aspratus production forest, the contents of available phosphorous and exchangeable cation should be increased by continuous soil environment management and it should be established the secondary growth forests of old aged Pinus densiflora for. erecta trees as soon as possible.