• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2014

This study was carried out to review the pattern of forest stand development for six Gangwondo Baekdudaegan Mountains which experienced different type and duration of intensive legal protection. Vegetation data from point sampling method were employed to classify community types by cluster analysis on the basis of the importance values of canopy tree species for the study areas. The names of classified communities were given by the composition of dominant tree species. The communities were also compared one another in terms of stand structure by species diversity index. The results indicated that National Parks (Seoraksan and Odaesan) had greater proportion of mixed mesophytic forest type which was supposed to progress further forest succession process so as to have more complex and diversified stand structure. On the other hand, ordinary forest areas (Seokbyeongsan and Deokhangsan) had greater proportion of the forest types which was dominatively composed of Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora. The forest types with large amount of these two species would tend to develop for relatively short period of time of 40-50 years after artificial disturbances. Hyangnobong of Natural Protection Area and Hambaeksan of Natural Ecosystem Conservation Area showed intermediate stand development pattern in between National Parks and ordinary forest areas. The period of intensive legal protection of the forest area was positively correlated with species diversity index (R=0.736), and noted that the forest which received intensive protection regulation for longer period tended to show more complex and diversified stand structure.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2008

This study was conducted in order to recommend forest-based wildlife protection areas in Chung-nam Province using several basic habitat conditions. The conditions used in this study were the forest patch size with the potential to keep wildlife animals safe, the distance from water sources, and the availability of food for wildlife. The fractal dimension index was also used to find the edge line dynamics, which can influence on habitat conditions for edge species. The natural conservation management indices including a forest map (indicating the level of forest age), a slope map, and an elevation map were used to find the forest patches with enough space for wildlife to live on. Water resources and their buffer areas were considered as factors to protect the space as an ecological corridor. Deciduous trees and trees mixed with deciduous trees and conifers were chosen to provide wildlife animals their food. In total, 525 forest patches were chosen and recommended for the wildlife protection area. Five of these forest patches were recommended as wildlife protection areas managed by the provincial government. The other 520 forest patches were recommended to protect local wildlife animals and be managed by each county or city. These forest patches were located around the Geum-buk and Geum-nam mountains, and the forest patches are important resources as habitats to keep wildlife in the area. An ecological network consists of these separate forest patches with the ecological integration. A fractal dimension index was used to divide forest patches into several categories in order to find how patches are shaped. The forest patches with longer edges or more irregular shapes have a much higher possibility of being inhabited by various types of edge species. Through comparison of the wildlife protection areas recommended in this study to the current wildlife protection areas, we recognized that the current wildlife protection areas need boundary adjustments in order for wildlife animals to survive by themselves with water sources and food.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

This study compared with the object of designation and the management practices for Protection Forests between Korea and Japan to establish the management and development directions of Korea's Protection Forest. 1. Water conservation forest from total areas of Protection Forests occupied 90.6 % in Korea and 68.4 % in Japan, respectively. The water conservation forest was the most important function among the Protection Forest's functions in both countries. 2. The 10 million ha of Protection Forest in Japan increased for last 100 years. The 100 thousand ha per year was designated as Protection Forest. In contrast, The 655,535 ha of Protection Forest in Korea decreased for last 42 years with decreasing of 15,000 ha per year. 3. In Japan, Protection Forest can be managed by forest silvicultural practices such as forest harvest, thinning, and pruning to recover and improve the Protection Forest's functions. 4. In case of Korea, it is necessary to a mid- or long-term counter plan to increase the area of Protection Forest by the government, and needs to the recovery and improvement of Protection Forest's functions.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_3호
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• pp.665-673
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• 1998

This study was conducted to clarified the relationship between bird community and forest structure and present the counterplan for protection and management of bird community from February 1993 to July 1995 at deciduous and coniferous forest within Mt. Nam area, Seoul, Korea. DBH distribution has not significant differences in each study site. Deciduous forest had more foliage coverage in all layers than coniferous forest. Total 41 species of birds, which were 16 species of resident, 14 species of summer visitor, 4 species of winter visitor, and 7 species of passage migrant were recrded in two study sites. Leaf use rate of birds was increased the increase of coverage. The number of breeding species and pairs, breeding density, and diversity index were greater in deciduous forest than coniferous forest. The number of species and pairs on bush-nesting and foraging guild were greater than other guilds. And the nuber of species and pairs on hole nesting guild were the fewest in nesting guild. Use rate of artificial nests for improvement of habitat quality was greater in coniferous forest than deciduous forest. Maintenance of bush layer, increase of coverage and leaf layer diversity, supply of artificial nests, management of large trees, and control of natural enemy were necessary for protection and management of bird community in Mt. nam area.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제111권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2022

본 연구는 백두대간보호구역에 대한 합리적인 보전 및 이용을 위한 권역별 지향성 설정을 위하여 실시하였다. 지향성 설정을 위해 첫 번째 단계로 자연환경보호, 자연경관보호, 농림업 진흥, 생활환경보호, 교육·문화·예술 진흥, 휴양·관광 진흥, 재난·재해관리 유형을 백두대간의 설악산, 태백산, 속리산 권역을 포함하는 유역별 지향성의 점유비율을 비교하여 결정하였다. 그러나, 7가지 지향성별로 각각의 유형이 대상지역에서 동일한 역할을 하지 않기 때문에 가중치를 적용하였다. 그 결과 백두대간 지역은 산림 및 환경보호에 대한 강력한 조치로 규제되고 있으며, 자연보호와 관련된 가중치가 다른 지역보다 높기 때문에 대부분의 지역이 자연환경보호 구역으로 분류되었다. 이상의 결과를 보완하기 위해서는 권역별 지향성과 가중치를 결정하기 위한 추가 연구 수행과 사회문화 요소 및 현장 조사 자료의 통합이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to detect the protection area around the Geum-buk and Geum-nam Mountains for making a sustainable ecological network. The protection area in the Geum-buk and Geum-nam Mountains was analyzed by using spatial data and a field survey for landscape conservation purposes. A survey scope was fixed using digital elevation model, and the protection area was finally determined based on the parcel map called as the Korea Land Information System (KLIS). Here we have several conclusions in this study. First, spatial data used in this study were a map of ecological and natural degree (MEND), forest distribution map, elevation map, slope map, and several maps for the protection area assigned by laws regarding to the natural resources. Second, we used 4 alternatives to determine the best choice for showing the ecological network in the study area. One alternative (alt. 3) of 4 ones was finally chosen as the best condition for making the ecological network. The condition in elevation and slope was a little modified to a lower level in alt, 3. The result derived from alt, 3 reflected the continuity and connectivity in the ecological network and we estimate that the protection area can protect the core area using the buffer zone around the ecological network. Finally the parcel-based protection area in the Geum-buk and Geum-nam Mountains had $493.92km^2$ of the core area, and $233.99km^2$ of the buffer zone, which means the parcel-based protection area increased by $97.76km^2$ in the core area, but decreased by $76.61km^2$ as of in the topographical map.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권3호
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• pp.352-359
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• 2015

본 연구는 훼손지에 적용된 국립공원 특별보호구 제도가 탐방로의 토양과 식생에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해 실시되었다. 북한산 국립공원 내 일반 탐방로(개방 탐방로)와 특별보호구로 지정되어 16년 동안 출입이 금지된 탐방로(폐쇄 탐방로)의 토양의 용적밀도, 수분, 총 질소, pH, 유기물 함량을 측정하고, 지면피도를 조사하여 개방 탐방로와 폐쇄탐방로의 토양 및 식생상태를 비교분석하였다. 일반 탐방로의 토양은 탐방로 주변 식생지대의 토양에 비하여 용적밀도가 증가하고 수분과 총 질소, 유기물 함량이 감소하여 훼손을 확인하였으나, 폐쇄 탐방로의 경우, 토양의 용적밀도, 수분, 총 질소, pH, 유기물 함량이 주변 식생지대와 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않아 탐방로 폐쇄로 인한 생태적 회복을 확인하였다. 지면피도의 경우, 일반 탐방로에서 지면식생과 낙엽의 피도가 낮고 나지와 암석의 피도가 높아 훼손을 확인하였으나, 폐쇄 탐방로에서는 낙엽 암석 나지 피도가 회복되었고, 식생피도는 산림 환경피해도 등급을 적용하였을 때 제한적인 회복이 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구를 통하여 특별보호구 지정을 통해 훼손지의 회복이 가능하나, 토양이 식생에 비하여 더 빠르게 회복됨을 알 수 있었다. 훼손지의 특별보호구 지정은 대상지의 회복특성에 대한 과학적 근거를 기반으로 판단할 필요가 있으며, 특별보호구 제도의 효과성을 높이기 위해 대상지의 생태적 사회적 가치와 중요성을 고려한 세분화된 특별보호구 선정 및 관리 기준이 필요하다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.101-114
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• 2001

This study analyzed and examined literature and legislation in Korean and other countries to examine the concept and sense of mapping of forest functions that would be used as basic information for efficient application and management of forest ecosystems. The mapping of forest functions in Germany has been utilized to field data for efficient work and management of the ecosystem, and evaluation of forest environmental ecology by the mapping of forest functions has been applied directly or indirectly in country management plans, conservation of nature and landscape management plans. Forest protection areas in Korea were analysed for creating a map of forest functions. As the results, forest functions could be sorted into five categories, such as conservation area of forest production, prevention of disasters, landscape and abiological natural resource, valuable biotope and ecosystem and civil recreation. The mapping method was applied to these 5 categories important conservation targets. It is considered that mapping of forest functions in Korea can be used for systematic forest works and efficient ecosystem utilization and management, as well as it use basic data for environmental and ecological comprehension and evaluation on forest and green tract of land on the level of country development and utilization.

• 농촌계획
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to build Island biogeography in the basic concept of landscape ecology in South Korea by draw relationship between the species side of quantitative habitats and forest area surveyed in the national database based on investigation of the 2nd natural environment. In addition, try to present criterion of habitats character category after understanding habitats character of emergence area side of quality habitats based on the type of formatting. Species and forest area relationship analyzed using correlation analysis and simple regression analysis. Also habitat character limited composition ratio of neighboring land cover and analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis to classify type of habitat. As a result, we found that forest area is correlated with number of species, forests which is bigger than 100ha are more important of increase in species' population. And according to land cover composition ratio, bird's classified types of forest inner species, forest edge species, forest outer species and mammal's classified types of forest inner species, forest general species, forest edge species. We suggest that study of species-forest area relationship and emergence habitat character be used as some management plans of species' conservation, protection and restoration.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2014

This article discusses the state of a community forestry program in a protection forest in Indonesia, which has been running for almost two decades. We found that the program did not achieve its objective mainly because of frequent changes in regulations. There are also activities such as: measuring and mapping working area boundaries, drawing up a work plan, planting, maintenance and security, paying royalties to those who harvest forest resources, and submitting annual reports on land use to the district government head, which have not worked as expected. We also found that the major incentives for local people to participate in the program are getting certificates of management and the program's effectiveness in minimizing land-use conflicts. Participants perceived that their major role on the program is to follow farmer-group directives or government rules. To achieve the program's purposes, farmer groups need technical assistance related to protection-forest management and opportunities for financing.