• Title/Summary/Keyword: Forest Grasses

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A Study on Change of Wild Bird Habitat Characteristics According to Riparian Forest Construction in Yangjae Stream, Seoul (서울 양재천 하천 숲 조성에 의한 야생조류 서식특성 변화 연구)

  • Yun, Suk-Hwan;Han, Bong-Ho;Choi, Jin-Woo;Yun, Ho-Keun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.97-110
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to provide basic data and evidence for the habitat improvement of wild birds in urban stream by analyzing changes in habitat characteristics of wild birds by riparian forest construction in Yangjae stream in Seoul. In Gangnam-gu, the multi layered riparian forest consisting of landscape trees and shrubs was formed on the slope. In Seocho-gu, the vertical vegetation structure of woody and herbaceous wetland plants was good. In Gangnam-gu, the vegetation area of the slope increased and the vertical stratification structure affected the species diversity of the forest birds. The number of species and individuals of plovers, sandpipers and wagtails decreased due to the impact of bicycle roads and trails. The poor forests on the levee slope in Seocho-gu affected the habitat selection and migration of the forest birds. The willows and amur silver-grasses formed in the riverside have been developed into the riparian forest, thus stabilizing the habitat of water birds by blocking disturbances from the influence of the trails.

Development of Revegetation Method Using Forest Topsoils for Ecological Restoration of the Slopes(I) (산림표층토를 활용한 비탈면 생태복원녹화에 관한 연구(I))

  • Nam, Sang-Jun;Yeo, Hwan-Joo;Choi, Jae Yong;Kim, Namchoon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.110-119
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    • 2004
  • This research was conducted to develop spraying cultivation method using forest topsoils in order to restore the disturbed slopes. In November the researcher collected a depth of 5 cm of topsoils from a well developed forest, after the fallen leaves were cleared. The essential results of the research are as follows: In the case of using the forest topsoils, during the early stages of planting, time is necessary for the desired vegetation to reach a similar state to the vegetation being restored. The best possible effect is obtained through a method utilizing forest topsoil(30%)+loam silt soil(70%)+seeding with grasses and native plants including trees, shrubs, and herbs. Several plants such as Pinus densiftora, Potentilla fragarioides, Miscanthus sinensis, Erigeron canadensis seemed to be naturally emerged from the topsoils From this experiment, it was recommended that environment potential within topsoil should be comprehended. Also, topsoil deposit and gathering methods should be experimented properly.

Water Storage Characteristics of Surface Soil by the Different Forest Floor Conditions(II) (지피상태(地被狀態)에 따른 임지(林地)의 수저유(水貯留) 특성(特性)(II))

  • Lee, Heon Ho;Lee, Chang Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.83 no.4
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    • pp.473-479
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    • 1994
  • This study was carried out to get the basic data for obtaining water resources continuously. Water storage of forest land was estimated by effective water storage based on classifying soil pore. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Percentage of coarse pores were in the order : Forest>Bare land>Grasses. As soil depth increased, total pores, coarse pores, and maximum water content were decreased, while fine pores increased. 2. Soil pore percentage and physical properties of surface layer(0~20cm) were significantly different among forest floor conditions. However, there were no difference in soil pore percentage and physical properties in 20~40cm and 40~60cm according to forest floor conditions. In the same plot, on the other hand, soil pore percentage and physical properties were significantly different between surface layer(0~20cm) and 20~40cm, but there were no differences between 20~40cm and 40~60cm. 3. Effective water storage was highly correlated with coarse pore in all plots. 4. The model for water storage capacity of each forest floor condition expressed by effective water storage was produced using coarse pores and soil depth.

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Studies on the Grassland Development in the Forest Ⅷ. Effect of shading degrees on the quality, digestibility and nitrate nitrogen concentration of main grasses (林間草地 開發에 關한 硏究 Ⅷ. 遮光程度가 主要 牧草의 品質, 消化率 및 窒酸態窒素含量에 미치는 影響)

  • Park, Moon-Soo;Seo, Sung;Han, Young-Choon;Lee, Joung-Kyong
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.85-91
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    • 1988
  • A field experiment was conduted to determine the effects of shading degrees (O: full sunlight, 25, 50 and 75%) on the proximate components, cell wall constituents (CWC), digestibility, water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3$-N) concentration of grasses grown in forest. For the test different artificial shading houses were established and pasutre species used were orchardgrass, timothy, perennial ryegrass and ladino clover. the experiment was performed at LES in Suwon, 1985 1. Considering proximate components, CWC and digestibility of grasses, ladino clover showed the best quality, and then perennial ryegrass. 2. The contents of crude protein, crude ash, and digestibility of grasses were increased with shadking, regardless of pasture species. As the shading degrees are increased, the contents of crude fibe in orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass and timothy were decreased, while that in ladino clover was increased with shading. 3. Grasses grwon in spring showed higher digestibility than those grwon in summer season. 4. The content of WSC was the highest in perennial ryegrass, and then ladino clover, orchardgrass, and timothy, in that order. Also WSC was decreased as the shading degrees are in creased. 5. The content of $NO_3$-N was the highest in perennial ryegrass, and then orchardgrass, ladino clover and timothy, in that order. Also the $NO_3$-N was significantly increased with higher shading level. In the regression equation between shading degrees and $NO_3$-N ($r^2=0.90^{**},\;r^2=0.95^{**}$), shading degree of 43 to 44% was critical level, causing nitrate poisoning to animal. 6. Considering grass quality, dry matter yield and $NO_3$-N, less than 40% of shading degree (over 60% of full sunlight) was desirable for better grassland improvement, management and utilization in the forest.

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Studies on the Grassland Development in the Forest VIII. Effect of shading degrees on the quality, digestibility and nitrate nitrogen concentration of main grasses (임간초지 개발에 관한 연구 VIII. 차광정도가 주요목초의 품질, 소화율 및 질산태질소 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Moon-Soo;Seo, Sung;Han, Young-Choon;Lee, Joung-Kyong
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.85-91
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    • 1988
  • A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of shading degrees (0: full sunlight, 25, 50 and 75%) on the proximate components, cell wall constituents (CWC), digestibility, water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3$-N) concentration of grasses grown in forest. For the test different artificial shading houses were established and pasture species used were orchardgrass, timothy, perennial ryegrass and ladino clover. The experiment was performed at LES in Suwon. 1985. 1. Considering proximate components, CWC and digestibility of grasses, ladino clover showed the best quality, and then perennial ryegrass. 2. The contents of crude protein, crude ash, and digestibility of grasses were increased with shading, regardless of pasture species. As the shading degrees are increased, the contents of crude fiber in orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass and timothy were decreased, while that in ladino clover was increased with shading. 3. Grasses grown in spring showed higher digestibility than those grown in summer season. 4. The content of WSC was the highest in perennial ryegrass, and then ladino clover, orchardgrass, and timothy, in that order. Also WSC was decreased as the shading degrees are increased. 5.The content of $NO_3$-N was the highest in perennial ryegrass, and then orchardgrass, ladino clover and timothy, in that order. Also the $NO_3$-N was significantly increased with higher shading level. In the regression equation between shading degrees and $NO_3$-N ($r^2$=0.90**, TEX>$r^2$=0.95**), shading degree of 43 to 44% was critical level, causing nitrate poisoning to animal. 6 Considering grass quality, dry matter yield and $NO_3$-N, less than 40% of shading degree (over 60% of full sunlight) was desirable for better grassland improvement, management and utilization in the forest.

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Influence of Re-growth Interval on Chemical Composition, Herbage Yield, Digestibility and Digestion Kinetics of Setaria sphacelata and Cenchrus ciliaris in Buffaloes

  • Mahr-un-Nisa, Mahr-un-Nisa;Khan, M. Ajmal;Sarwar, Muhammad;Mushtaque, M.;Murtaza, G.;Lee, W.S.;Kim, H.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.381-385
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    • 2006
  • This study examined the influence of re-growth periods on chemical composition, biomass production, nutritive value and digestion kinetics of Setaria sphacelata (SS) and Cenchrus ciliaris (CC) in ruminally cannulated buffalo bulls. Two re-growth intervals i.e. clipping every month ($CI_1$) and clipping after every two months ($CI_2$) were compared with the control (clipped after 4 months). Mean values of leaf to stem ratio in SS and CC grasses were decreased (p<0.05) with increasing re-growth interval. The lowest leaf to stem ratio was recorded in control plots of both grasses. In both grasses, increasing growth period increased the concentrations of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and organic matter (OM) and decreased crude protein (CP). Mean dry herbage, OM and CP yields of SS and CC were increased (p<0.05) with increasing re-growth interval. Ruminal DM and NDF digestibilities of SS and CC were decreased (p<0.05) with increasing interval. Ruminal rate of DM and NDF disappearance was higher while the ruminal lag time of these nutrients was lower with monthly than with bi-monthly clipping interval. The results from present study imply that SS and CC clipped after every two months is more beneficial than when clipped every month or every four months in terms of optimal biomass with adequate nutritional value for buffaloes.

Chemical Composition, Herbage Yield and Nutritive Value of Panicum antidotale and Pennisetum orientale for Nili Buffaloes at Different Clipping Intervals

  • Sarwar, Muhammad;Mahr-un-Nisa, Mahr-un-Nisa;Khan, M. Ajmal;Mushtaque, M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.176-180
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to establish clipping interval of Pennisetum orientale (PO) and Panicum antidotale (PA) to get maximum biomass production with optimal nutritional value for Nili buffaloes. Two clipping intervals i.e. $CI_1$, and $CI_2$ (clipped after every one and two months, respectively) were studied for both grasses. The data on various parameters were compared with PO and PA each clipped at 4 months of age (control). Leaf to stem ratio in both PO and PA declined with increasing clipping interval. Concentration of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) increased (p<0.05) whereas crude protein contents decreased with increasing clipping interval in both grasses. Crude protein and dry herbage yields in PO and PA increased (p<0.05) with increasing clipping interval. The DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibilities of PO and PA in ruminally cannulated buffalo bulls decreased (p<0.05) due to more lignification with increasing clipping interval. Ruminal extent of digestion, rate of disappearance of DM and neutral detergent fiber of PO and PA decreased in buffaloes while ruminal lag time of these nutrients increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing clipping interval. The results from the study imply that two month clipping interval for both PO and PA grasses favored higher biomass with greater nutritional value for Nili buffaloes and sustained grass vigor.

Studies on the Grassland Development in the Frest VII. Effect of shading degrees on the crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and photosynthtic active of main grasses (임간 초지 개발에 관한 연구 VII. 차광정도가 주요목초의 개체군생장향, 순동화율 및 광합성능력에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Moon-Soo;Seo, Sung;Han, Young-Choon;Ryoo, Jong-Won;Lee, Jong-Yeol
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.122-127
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    • 1987
  • This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of shading degrees (0:full sunlight, 25, 50 and 75%) on the crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and photosynthetic activity of grasses for obtaining the basic data on the development, management and utilization of pasture in the forest. For the test, different artificial shading houses were established and pasture species used in this study were orchardgrass, timothy, perennial ryegrass and ladino clover. The experiment was performed at Livestock Experiment Station, Suwon, in 1984-'85. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The highest CGR was obtained at 0% (full sunlight) and 25% of shading, followed by 50 and 75% of shading degrees, in that order. CGR of orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass were higher than those of timothy and ladino clover. 2. NAR was significantly decreased as the shading degrees increased. The highest NAR was observed at perennial ryegrass plot. 3. The photosynthetic activity during summer season was the highest at 25% of shading, followed by 50, 0 and 75% of shading degrees. While, the photosynthetic activity during fall season was the highest at 25% of shading, followed by 50, 0 and 75% of shading degrees, in that order. Those of orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass were remarkably higher than that of timothy. 4. A significant positive correlation was obtained in the relationship between CGR and NAR of main grasses, regardless of pasture species and investigated date.

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Effect of Mulberry Charcoal Treatment on the Growth and Physiological Properties of Kentucky Bluegrass Grown under Salt Stress Condition (뽕나무 숯 처리가 Kentucky Bluegrass의 염해에 따른 생육과 생리적 반응에 미치는 영향)

  • Bae, Euu-Ji;Jeong, Sung-Woo;Park, Nam-Chang;Lee, Kwang-Su;Shin, Hyun-Cheol;Huh, Moo-Ryong
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.112-117
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    • 2011
  • This research was conducted to determine the effect of the pre-treatment of mulberry charcoal on the salt tolerance response in Kentucky bluegrass 'Perfection'. As this results, 400 mM NaCl treatment reduced turf growth such a fresh and dry weight, and induced physiological damages like decreased chlorophyll content and increased electrolyte leakage. The pre-treatment of mulberry charcoal, however, mitigated those growth and physiological responses associated with NaCl stress, regardless of the concentrations of charcoal solution. Furthermore, it was observed that higher K ion concentration by mulberry charcoal pre-treatment reduced Na ion in shoot. This research suggests to be a possibility of planting turf grasses in reclaimed land or higher salt accumulated area using a mulberry charcoal treatment.

Voluntary Intake, Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance in Spotted Deer (Cervus nippon) Fed Forest By-product Silage, Oak Leaf Hay and Commercial Mixed Ration

  • Jeon, B.T.;Moon, S.H.;Lee, S.M.;Kim, K.H.;Hudson, R.J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.702-705
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    • 2003
  • Forest by-product silage (FPS) comprised of foliage, shrubs, and wild grasses was prepared to examine feeding value as sole roughage source for spotted (sika) deer. This diet was compared with imported oak leaf hay (OLH) and a commercial mixed ration (CMR) in digestion balance trials with spotted deer. Dry matter intake was highest (p<0.05) on the OLH, whereas intakes of the FPS and CMR were similar (p>0.05). Digestibility of dry matter was highest (p<0.05) for CMR. Digestibility of crude protein was highest in CMR and lowest in OLH and there were significant differences (p<0.05) among diets. Average daily gain, digestible dry matter intake and digestibility of crude fiber did not differ significantly among diets. Nitrogen intake, urinary and digestible nitrogen were highest (p<0.05) in CMR. However, nitrogen retention was not significantly different. Consequently, FPS is a good roughage source for deer having high digestibility, dry matter intake and availability of nitrogen.