• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1986

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 임간지(林間地)(차광정도(遮光程度) 50%)에서 춘파초지(春播草地) 개량(改良) 가능성(可能性)을 나지(裸地)(자연광(自然光) 조건(條件))와 병행하여 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하고자 파종시기(播種時期)를 3월(月) 20일(日)과 4월(月) 10일(日)로 하여 출현(出現), 식생피복도(植生被覆度), 목초율(牧草率), 잡초율(雜草率), 근중(根重) 및 수량(收量) 등과 주요(主要) 미기상(微氣象)을 1984년도(年度) 수원(水原) 축산시험장(畜産試驗場)에서 동시에 조사(調査)하였던 바 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1 파종후(播種後)부터 생육초기(生育初期)에는 나지초지(裸地草地) 임간초지(林間草地)에 비해 유리(有利)한 환경조건(環境條件)이었으나 그 후의 생육(生育)은 임간초지(林間草地)에서 더 유리(有利)하였다. 특(特)히 한발(旱魃) 및 고온기간중(高溫期間中) 임간초지(林間草地)는 지표온도(地表溫度) $6{\sim}7^{\circ}C$, 지중온도(地中溫度) $3{\sim}4^{\circ}C$의 저하효과(低下效果)와 함께 토양수분(土壤水分)을 계속하여 높게 유지(維持)시켜 주었다. 2. 3월(月) 20일(日) 파종구(播種區)에서 목초(牧草)의 출현(出現)은 나지초지(裸地草地)가 임간초지(林間草地)에 비해 8일(日)정도 빨랐으나 4월(月) 10일(日) 파종구(播種區)는 차이가 없었다. 3. 임간지(林間地) 목초(牧草)는 나지(裸地)에 비해 초형(草型)은 부복특성(俯伏特性)을 보여 주었으며 엽상태(葉狀態)는 약간 불량(不良)하였다. 4. 예취시(刈取時) 임간초지(林間草地)의 목초율(牧草率) $80{\sim}85%$로 높았으나, 나지초지(裸地草地)는 $15{\sim}20%$로 낮았으며, 목초율(牧草率) 파종시기(播種時期)가 빠를 때 높은 경향이었다. 5. 근중(根重) 및 근장(根長) 등 목초(牧草)의 뿌리 발육상태(發育狀態)는 임간초지(林間草地)가 나지초지(裸地草地)에 비해 불량(不良)하였으며(P<0.05), 파종시기별(播種時期別) 차이는 없었다. 6. 3회(回) 예취(刈取)한 목초(牧草)의 건물수량(乾物收量)은 임간초지(林間草地)가 나지초지(裸地草地)에 비해 뚜렷한 증가를 보였으며(P<0.05). 파종시기(播種時期)가 빠를 때 수량(收量)은 많아 임간초지(林間草地)의 3월(月) 20일(日) 파종구(播種區)의 총건물수량總(乾物收量)은 401.1kg/10a으로 양호(良好)하였다. 7. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로서 임간지(林間地)에서 춘파(春播)에 의한 초지개량(草地改良)은 충분한 가능성(可能性)이 있으며, 가능하면 3월(月) 중하순(中下旬)으로 일찍 파종(播種)하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of nitrogen(N) fertilization levels(0. 120, 240 and 360 kg/ha/y) on seasonal nitrate nitrogen($NO_3$-N) concentration and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of grasses grown under shading condition. The plants were sampled on 7. 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after harvesting in spring(May), summer(July) and autumn(September), 1988. respectively. Shading degree was controlled artificially ca. 45-50%, and each annual level of N was distributed 5 times equally. The $NO_3$-N concentration of grasses was very low(0.064 %) in spring, high in summer(O.l98 %) and autumn(0.234%), and NO,-N was slightly decreased with growing of grasses. Also the NO,-N concentration of grasses was increased significantly with increasing level of N. In spring, the $NO_3$-N of grasses was very safety(less than 0.1 %), regardless of plant height and N level. In summer and autumn, however, plant heights of below 40 cm(summer) and 44 cm(autumn), and N levels of over 210 kg(summer) and 140 kg(autumn) were over toxic level to animals, respectively. The WSC content of grasses was slightly decreased with grass growth. and significantly decreased with high level of N. From the above results, it is suggested that 200 kg/ha of N in this experiment is effective for forage quality. Also a little more amount of N(50-70kgltimes) in spring. and low level of N(20-30 kgltimes) in summer and autumn season may be desirable on woodland posture.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 1985

牧場에 林間栽培함에 있어서 閉度의 多少가 牧草의 生育 및 收量에 미치는 影響을 究明코자 리기데타 人工造林地의 閉度를 0(露光區), 25, 50, 75%로 調節하여 Orchard grass를 栽培하였던 바 그 結果는 다음과 같다. 1 林地內의 Orchard grass의 葉面積은 各 刈取時期 모두 閉度 25, 0, 50, 75%區의 順位이며 特히 閉度 25%區는 0%區에 비하여 有意的인 增加傾向 이었다. 2. Orchard grass의 草長은 閉度가 높을수록 伸長하는 傾向이나 閉度 0%區와 25%區 間에는 差異를 認定할 수 없었다. 3 閉度의 差異에 따른 草長과 葉面積의 關係는 負의 利關關係를 나타내었다. 4. 林地內의 Orchard grass 年間 總 乾物收量은 페도 25%구가 露光區 에 비하여 有意的인 增收效果가 있었으며 50%區는 露光區에 비하여 약간 減少하는 傾向을 나타내었으나 統計的인 有意性은 認定되지 않았다. 그러나 閉度 75%區는 露光區에 비하여 有意的인 減收를 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.295-301
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• 1992

Eight crop residues : 1, sorghum (Sorqhum bicolor) straw, 2, maize (Zea mays) straw, 3, cotton (Gossypium Sp.) straw, 4, sunflower (Helianthus Sp.) straw, 5, cotton (Gossypium Sp.) seed hulls, 6, groundnut (Archais hypogaea) hulls, 7, maize (Zea mays) cobs, 8, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse and two forest grasses 9, Heteropogan contortus dry grass and 10, Sehima nervosum dry grass were subjected to three physical processing 1, chopping (2-3 cm) 2, grinding (8 mm sieve) and 3, pelleting (10 mm die holes). The processed material was fed ad lib. Along with 250 g of concentrate mixture per head per day to 6 adult local goats and 16 adult Nellore rams in ten digestion experiments and finally assessed the nutritive value of the processed roughages by difference method. Grinding increased bulk density by 32.4 (cotton seed hulls, CSH) to 88.1% (Sehima dry grass) while pelleting of ground material increased bulk density by 53.9 (maize cobs) to 235.8% (maize straw). The average particle size ranged from $584.1/^U$ (sorghum straw) to $1467/^U$ (CSH). Modulus of uniformity ranged from 2:5:3 (sorghum straw) to 7:2:1 (CSH) while modulus of fineness ranged from 3.4 (sorghum straw) to 5.4 (CSH). Molasses absorbability was highest with cotton seed hulls and least with maize cobs. Pelleting increased DM intake of the residues except cotton seed hulls compared to grinding. Grinding of chopped material/unprocessed material increased DM intake on sorghum straw and cotton seed hulls. Sheep consumed more DM compared to goats on all the residues except sorghum and sunflower straws. Pelleting increased nutritive value of all the residues compared to grinding and chopping. However, no difference was observed in the nutritive value due to grinding and chopping. Goats performed better compared to sheep in utilizing the fibrous residues.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 1983

Lycopodium serratum이 우점된 곳에서는 심한 영향을 받았다. 선점식생(先占植生)에 따른 겉뿌림 초종(草種)의 반응은 시일(時日)이 경과함에 따라 Orchardgrass, Perennial ryegrass 및 Ladino clover와 같은 $2{\sim}3$개의 초종(草種)으로 식생(植生)이 단순화(單純化)되는 경향이었고 Orchardgrass가 우점종(優占種)이었다. 식생변화(植生變化)는 예취회수(刈取回數)에 따라 선점식생(先占植生)은 현저히 감소되었고 반면에 목초식생(牧草植生)은 급격히 증가경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 겉뿌림 임간초지조성시(林間草地造成時) 선점식생(先占植生)인 Miscanthus sinensis와 Festuca ovina가 우정된 곳의 초지(草地) 개량(改良)은 용이한 편이나, Lycopodium serratum 우점지는 지표처리(地表處理)없이 개량이 어렵다고 보며 개량방법(改良方法)도 낮은 잠재생산성(潛在生産性)에 적합(適合)해야 될 것으로 본다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.102-109
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• 1998

This study was conducted to find out the growth characteristic of mixed-seeding in the grasses for slope revegetation measures. Seeding treatment with six combination types of five grasses used for this experiment such as orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata 'Potomac'), perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne 'Manhattan'), tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea 'Jaguar'), kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis 'Majestic') and weeping lovegrass(Eragrostis curvula). The growth of orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue were good on mixed-seeding condition in case of number of individuals, heights and coverages at this experiment. These plants will useful for revegetation measures mixed-seeding, but weeping love grass and kentucky bluegrass did not show a desirable growth in mixed-seeding condition, and these plant prefered mixed seeding to single seeding. Regeneration percents of orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue were higher than that of weeping love grass and kentucky bluegrass, and coverage kept on good condition through one year after seeding, therefore, these plants will effective for initial stage revegetation measures.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권5호
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• pp.770-776
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• 2010

This study was conducted to assess the existing flora and fauna, and to develop a spatial map of Alapang communal forest located in the province of Benguet, Philippines. A total of 52 species belonging to 27 families were identified during the inventory in this communal forest using the quadrat method while a total of 30 species belonging to 18 families were recorded using line intercept technique for the assessment of grasses, herbs, vines and other low-lying vegetation. The diversity index of the species in Alapang communal forests using the quadrat method was 2.6649 while for the line intercept technique it was 2.5446. The most dominant species in this area was found to be Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon (Benguet pine) under Family Pinaceae with an importance value of 106.74%. In the faunal assessment, four species of birds and a small mammal particularly a rodent were identified during the study. Aside from the high species diversity of this communal forest, the presence of endemic and indicator species in the area denotes that this forest was still in good condition hence must be protected. Spatial maps and database system were generated based from data gathered in the field using Geographic Information System (GIS).

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.15-15
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• 2020

Commelina caroliniana Water, was founded in Jongdal-ri (Gujwa-eup, Jeju Island) for the first time, is widely distributed arable land near the coast and roads. C. caroliniana belongs to Commelinaceae and native to Bangladesh, India. This species can be distinguished from its allied species in Korea by several characters as followings: apex acuminate and obovate shape spathes, flowers have blue 3 petals, maroon spot on the antherode, fruit with 5 seeds in 3 ovaries. C. caroliniana is well known for its strong fertility, which can outcompate native grasses and further negatively effect on the grassland ecosystem. The species has already introduced and widely distributed across much of southeastern US and some of Asian countries. Considering the case of C. caroliniana's diffusion capacity and influence on the ecosystem, management system for prevent their spreading are required through monitoring. Given the great potential of spread found in C. caroliniana, continuous monitoring may be required.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 1993

To determine the effects of potassium($K_2O$) fertilization level(0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha/year) on the growth, dry matter(DM) yield, nutritive value and nitrate nitrogen($NO_3$-N) concentration of grasses grown under shading condition, this experiment was carried out in Grassland Div., LES, 1989. The plants were sampled on different growing seasons (spring, summer and autumn) and growth stages (grazing and soiling), respectively. Shade was controlled artificially ca. 45-50%, and the level of nitrogen fertilization was 200 kg/ha/year in all treatments. Higher DM was produced in spring 1, 453 kg at grazing and 2, 364 kg/ha at soiling stage, and DM production was increased with increasing level of $K_2O$. In this experiment, the optimum amount of $K_2O$ fertilizer was 200 kg/ha. The neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, DM digestibility, and relative feed value of grasses were not affected by $K_2O$ fertilization, regardless of growing season and growth stage. The $NO_3$-N concentration of grasses grown in spring was very low (ca. 1.0%), regardless of growth stage and $K_2O$ level. However, $NO_3$-N concentration was very high in summer and autumn season, also $NO_3$-N was decreased significantly with increasing level of $K_2O$ fertilization (P<0.05). Application of $K_2O$ fertilizer, therefore, is thoughs to be desirable for reducing $NO_3$-N concentration of grasses, especially in summer and autumn season. So annual split fertilization of $K_2O$ could be recommended on woodland pasture.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.136-142
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• 1985

임목(林木)과 초사료생산(草飼料生産)이라는 측면에서 임간초지개발(林間草地開發)은 우리 나라에서 중요한 과제라 할 수 있다. 본(本) 시험(試驗)은 임간혼파초지(林間混播草地)에서 생산성향상(生産性向上)과 이용기간연장(利用期間延長)을 위한 적정시비수준(適正施肥水準)을 구명(究明)하고자 수령((樹齡) $10{\sim}15$년간(年間) 소나무지대(차광정도(遮光程度) $40{\sim}50%$)에서 질소, 인산, 칼리비료의 수준을 달리한 13가지 시비수준(施肥水準)을 난괴법으로 배치하여 목초의 생육특성, 엽록소함량, 재생과 건물수량 등을 조사하였다. 1984년(年) 수원 근교 임간지에서 수행된 시험(試驗)의 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 초고(草高)와 목초피복율(牧草被覆率)은 대체로 표준비 이상의 질소시비구에서 높았으며, 3 요소 무비구와 질소무비구에서 가장 부족(不足)하였고, 최종예취후 나지율(裸地率) 질소수준이 낮을 때 높았다. 2 엽신(葉身)의 엽록색도(葉綠色度)와 엽록소함량(葉綠素含量)은 질소수준이 표준비 이상인 구에서 높았으며 3요소 무비구와 질소무비구에서 가장 낮았다. 엽부패도(葉腐敗度)와 초형(草型)은 질소수준이 높을 때 불량(不良)해지는 경향을 보였다. 3 1차(次) 예취후(刈取後) 목초(牧草)의 시기별(時期別) 재생력(再生力)은 표준비이상의 질소시용구에서 양호(良好)하였으며, 3요소무비구와 질소무비구는 재생초장(再生草長)과 재생건물중(再生乾物重) 증가속도가 가장 불량(不良)하였다.4. 목초(牧草)의 건물수량(乾物收量)은 질소수준이 표준비 이상인 구에서 많았으며 3 요소무비구와 질소무비구에서 가장 적었다(P<0.05). 본 시험에서 표준비구, 3요소 50% 증비구 및 질소 50% 증비구에서 높은 수량(收量)을 기대할 수 있었으며 세 처리간 유의차는 없었다. 5 목초(牧草)의 생육(生育), 재생(再生) 및 수량(收量)은 3요소 비료중 질소시용에 의해 가장 큰 영향을 받았으며 인산과 칼리비료의 영향은 작았다. 본(本) 시험(試驗)에서 수량(收量)위주로 볼 때 임간초지(林間草地)의 적정시비수준(適正施肥水準)은 자연광조건(自然光條件)의 일반초지(一般草地)와 마찬가지로 표준비($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=28-20-24kg/10a$)시용인 것으로 나타났으나 경제성을 고려할 때 10a당 질소는 $20{\sim}28kg$, 인산 $10{\sim}15kg$, 칼리 $12{\sim}18kg$이 적합하다고 생각된다.