• 제목/요약/키워드: Forest Ecology

검색결과 2,210건 처리시간 0.035초

A Comparison of Systematic Sampling Designs for Forest Inventory

  • Yim, Jong Su;Kleinn, Christoph;Kim, Sung Ho;Jeong, Jin-Hyun;Shin, Man Yong
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제98권2호
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    • pp.133-141
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to support for determining an efficient sampling design for forest resources assessments in South Korea with respect to statistical efficiency. For this objective, different systematic sampling designs were simulated and compared based on an artificial forest population that had been built from field sample data and satellite data in Yang-Pyeong County, Korea. Using the k-NN technique, two thematic maps (growing stock and forest cover type per pixel unit) across the test area were generated; field data (n=191) and Landsat ETM+ were used as source data. Four sampling designs (systematic sampling, systematic sampling for post-stratification, systematic cluster sampling, and stratified systematic sampling) were employed as optimum sampling design candidates. In order to compute error variance, the Monte Carlo simulation was used (k=1,000). Then, sampling error and relative efficiency were compared. When the objective of an inventory was to obtain estimations for the entire population, systematic cluster sampling was superior to the other sampling designs. If its objective is to obtain estimations for each sub-population, post-stratification gave a better estimation. In order to successfully perform this procedure, it requires clear definitions of strata of interest per field observation unit for efficient stratification.

소나무, 벚나무, 느티나무 단근 후 연고 처리에 따른 발근 비교 (Comparison of Fine Root Development of Pinus densiflora, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, and Zelkova serrata after Root Cutting and Wound Dressing)

  • 박준형;김지연;권시균;김해랑;권준형;이하림;김다원;마지원;김판기;고상현;김기우
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제108권2호
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    • pp.269-275
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구에서는 뿌리 수술과 수목 이식 현장에서 단근 부위에 처리하는 뿌리연고에 대한 상처 반응 및 세근 발달을 3종의 수종에서 비교하였다. 2014년 5월부터 2016년 11월까지 경상북도 상주시에 식재된 소나무, 벚나무, 느티나무 성목에서 직경 2~4 cm에 해당하는 뿌리를 절단하고 상처 부위를 바셀린과 유기질 비료로 연고 처리하여 6개월이 경과한 후, 시료를 채취하여 세근 생장량을 조사하였다. 단근 후 세근 발달은 전반적으로 느티나무와 벚나무에서 우수하였지만 소나무에서는 저조하였다. 세근 생장량은 느티나무에서 단근과 유기질 비료 처리구에서 높게 나타났다. 벚나무에서는 처리별로 뚜렷한 효과가 없었다. 이상의 결과는 단근과 상처 처리에 대한 세근 발달이 수종별로 상이하므로 단근 후 수종별로 처리방법의 세분화가 필요함을 시사한다.

초안산근린공원 숲길 훼손 실태 및 복원방안 연구 (Status of Damage and Restoration Planning of Forest Trail in Choansan(Mt.) Neighborhood Park, Seoul, South Korea)

  • 한봉호;기경석;노태환
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.923-933
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 최근 이용압력이 높은 서울시 초안산근린공원을 대상으로 숲길의 분포와 훼손 실태를 파악하여 향후 도심 내 숲길 정비 방향을 설정하기 위한 목적으로 수행하였다. 초안산근린공원 숲길(25,964m)의 훼손 현황 중 노폭 2m 이상 20.3%, 침식 깊이 30cm 이상 36.3%, 훼손이 심한 형태인 나지침식이나 근계노출, 암석노출 구간 47.0%이었고, 환경피해도 등급 IV 이상이 70.6%로 숲길 훼손이 심각한 상태이었다. 훼손이 심한 숲길 노선은 대부분 주능선을 따라 형성된 주요 숲길과 저지대 급경사 숲길, 주요 숲길과 연결된 샛길이었다. 연구결과에 기초하여 초안산근린공원 숲길의 복원유형을 숲길 확산방지, 숲길 지반안정, 숲길 노면정비, 숲길 폐쇄 후 식생복원, 유지 등 5가지로 구분하였고, 유형별 복원방안을 제안하였다. 숲길 확산방지는 나지가 노출되어 있는 숲길 폭원 확대를 방지하고, 숲길 지반안정은 숲길 내 침식 및 뿌리노출을 방지하며, 숲길 노면정비는 훼손이 심각한 숲길의 노면을 목재데크, 목재계단, 노면 포장 실시 등을 통하여 보호하기 위한 계획을 수립하였다.

Environmental controls on growing-season sap flow density of Quercus serrata Thunb in a temperate deciduous forest of Korea

  • Laiju, Nahida;Otieno, Dennis;Jung, Eun-Young;Lee, Bo-Ra;Tenhunen, John;Lim, Jong-Hwan;Sung, Joo-Han;Kang, Sin-Kyu
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.213-225
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    • 2012
  • Sap flux density (SFD) measurements were used, in combination with morphological characteristics of trees and forest structure, to calculate whole-tree transpiration, stand transpiration (St) and mean canopy stomatal conductance (Gs). Analysis based on the relationships between the morphological characteristics of trees and whole tree water use, and on the responses of SFD and Gs to short wave radiation (RR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil water content (SWC) during drought and non-drought periods were conducted. The results showed a strong positive correlation between whole tree transpiration and both tree diameter at breast height (DBH) ($r^2$ = 0.95, P < 0.05) and sapwood area (SA) ($r^2$ = 0.98, P < 0.05). Relationships between SFD and DBH ($r^2$ = 0.25), as well as SA ($r^2$ = 0.17) were weak. Daily SFD of Quercus serrata Thunb was closely related to VPD and RR. Although operating at different time scales, RR and VPD were important interacting environmental controls of tree water use. SFD increased with increasing VPD (<1 kPa) and RR. SWC had a considerable effect on stand transpiration during the drought period. The relationships between SFD, VPD and RR were distorted when SWC dropped below 35%.

활엽수림에 설치한 인공새집을 이용한 박새류의 번식 생태 (Breeding Ecology of Tits Parus spp. Using Artificial Nest Boxes in a Deciduous Forest)

  • 임신재;손승훈;김규중
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제100권3호
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    • pp.397-401
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 활엽수림 지역에 설치한 인공새집에서 번식을 실시한 박새류의 번식 생태를 파악하기 위하여 2006년부터 2010년까지의 매년 3월부터 7월까지의 기간 동안 실시되었다. 5년에 걸친 조사기간 동안 활엽수림에 설치한 인공새집에서는 곤줄박이, 쇠박새, 박새 등의 박새류가 번식을 하였다. 박새류가 번식을 실시한 인공새집은 입구직경별로 번식쌍수가 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 종별로는 박새가 가장 많이 이용한 것으로 나타났으며, 곤줄박이가 가장 적게 이용하였다. 인공새집을 이용한 박새류는 몸의 크기에 따라 선호하는 입구직경이 달랐는데, 몸의 크기가 큰 박새는 입구직경이 35~40 mm인 인공새집을 주로 이용하였다. 반면 몸의 크기가 가장 작은 쇠박새는 입구직경이 30 mm인 인공새집에서 주로 번식을 하였다. 첫 산란일, 한배 산란수, 한배 새끼수, 포란기간, 육추기간, 번식성공률은 종별, 연도별로 차이를 보였다. 앞으로 박새류의 번식생태에 영향을 주는 요인에 대한 연구를 통해 환경요인과 번식생태에 관한 규명이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Analysis of the Correlation Between Ecological Status and Location Environment by Cultivated Land Restoration Type of Geumgang Riverine Ecobelt

  • Lee, Soo-Dong;Back, Seung-Jun;Kang, Hyun-Kyung
    • 인간식물환경학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.389-401
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    • 2021
  • Background and objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the ecological status of six areas around Geumgang River that used to be farmlands before they were restored as a riverine ecobelt. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the location environment and ecological status of the sites to identify the environmental factors affecting them. Methods: The sites are classified into four types according to restoration: terraced paddy fields, flat paddy fields, artificial wetland, and landscape forest. The survey items were divided into land use status, plant ecology, and animal ecology. Results: In terms of plant ecology, terraced paddy fields showed favorable naturality with the rate of native species above 90% and the naturalization index below 10%. In terms of animal ecology, the total number of species found in these areas was biggest in terraced paddy fields, followed by flat paddy fields, artificial wetland, and landscape forest. Regarding species diversity, terraced paddy fields also showed abundant species with an average of 1.05 to 1.09. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the forest area around the sites had the most significant effect on species diversity. The grassland and open water area showed a positive correlation with the total number of animal species and the number of dragonflies, confirming that the marshy grassland had a positive effect. As the cultivated land and urbanized area around the sites increased, it had a negative effect on the distribution of native species and the number of animal species that appeared, and a positive effect on the naturalization index. Conclusion: It is necessary to establish preemption and restoration plans for sites such as grasslands adjacent to the forest and terraced paddy fields in order to promote resilience of the diverse species returning to the purchased lands.

Clerodendrum ervatamioides (Lamiaceae): A new record to the flora of Vietnam

  • Heyjoong KIM;Do Van HAI;Tran Duc THIEN;Tran The BACH;Bui Hong QUANG;Duong Thi HOAN;Le Ngoc HAN;Tran Duc BINH;Ritesh Kumar CHOUDHARY;Joongku LEE
    • 식물분류학회지
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    • 제52권4호
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    • pp.255-261
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    • 2022
  • Clerodendrum ervatamioides C. Y. Wu was described in 1977 with its type locality in Yunnan, China. During our floristic investigation in the Muong Nhe Nature Reserve of Vietnam of Dien Bien province and in the Muong Te district of the Lai Chau province, we collected several specimens of Clerodendrum ervatamioides, marking the first record of its occurrence in Vietnam. In this paper, details of the morphological features, distribution, ecology, photo plates, and a table comparing the morphological features with its ally Clerodendrum garrettianum Craib are provided.

생태자연도 등급 하락에 영향을 미치는 인위적 토지피복 변화 분석 (The Impact of Anthropogenic Land Cover Change on Degradation of Grade in Ecology and Nature Map)

  • 최철현;임치홍;이성제;서현진
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.77-87
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    • 2019
  • The first grade zones in Ecology and Nature Map are important regions for the conservation of the ecosystem, but it would be degraded by various anthropogenic factors. This study analyzes the relationship between potential land cover change and degradation of the first grade zones using land cover transition probability. As a result, it was shown that most of the first grade zones with degraded were converted from forest to urban(5.1%), cropland(27.2%), barren(11.0%) and grass(27.5%) in Gangwon and forest to urban(18.0%), cropland(15.3%), grass(28.4%), barren(12.3%) in Gyeonggi. The result of the logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of degradation of first grade zone was higher in area where was expected the higher probability of urban, cropland, barren, grass transition. The barren transition probability was the most influential and grass was the next highest. There were regional differences in the probability of urban transition and cropland transition, and the urban transition probability was more influential in Gyeonggi-do. This is because development pressure such as housing site development is high in Gyeonggi-do. Due to the limitations of the Act on Mountain Districts Management, even in the first grade zones, the grade may be degraded. Therefore, if Ecology and Nature Map are used to prevent deforestation or conversion of mountainous districts, it may contribute to the preservation of the ecosystem.

점봉산 산림습지의 지형·토양 환경분석 - 입도분석과 규조분석을 중심으로 (Studies on Morpho-pedo Milieu of Forest Wetland on Mt. Jeombong - Focused on Diatom Analysis and Grain Size Analysis)

  • 김남신;차진열;박용수;조용찬;권혜진;오승환
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.13-24
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    • 2017
  • This study is to provide basic data on ecology and morpho-pedo milieu by analyzing diatom and grain size of Mt. Jeombong forest wetland. Sample was collected from 6 points and named sample 943, 932, 885, 881A, 881b, 849. Sample 934 could not identify diatom, and the soil layer was colluvium deposited by mass-movement process. Layer of sample 932 was developed in the lower velocity environment, and presence frequence of complete diatom was very low. Hydrological situation of sample 855 was analysed in oligosaprobien environments. Sample 881A was meso-saprobic environments, velocity was slow area that inhabit musci bryopsida and sphaerocarpus. Sample 881B was acidic wetland in oligosaprobien environments. Sample 849 was analysed in oligosaprobien environments. The results of soil and diatom analysis are well reflect on wet environments of mountain wetlands and also it will expected to be in the help of environmental changes study of mountain wetlands.

덕유산 국립공원 일대의 식물군락 분포에 관한 연구 (Study on the Distribution of Plant Community in the Deogyusan National Park)

  • 김창환;오장근;최영은;이남숙;강은옥
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제46권4호
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    • pp.570-580
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    • 2013
  • 덕유산 일대 삼림식생은 산지삼림식생과 기타 식생으로 대별되어있다. 산지삼림식생은 산지낙엽활엽수림, 산지습성림, 산지침엽수림, 아고산침엽수림, 산지관목림, 식재림 등으로 세분되었으며, 기타 식생은 농경지, 암벽식생, 2차 초지 등으로 조사되었다. 상관대분류에 의하여 구분된 산지삼림식생의 분포군락수는 산지낙엽활엽수림 61개 군락, 산지습성림 55개 군락, 산지침엽수림 17개 군락, 아고산침엽수림 6개 군락, 산지관목림 3개 군락, 식재림 50개 군락, 기타 식생 3개 군락의 총 95개 군락이 조사되었다. 조사된 주요 군락의 분포 비율을 보면 산지낙엽활엽수림은 신갈나무군락이 $61,073,102.23m^2$의 30.14%로 가장 높은 분포 비율로 조사되었고, 굴참나무군락이 $10,864,051.79m^2$의 5.36%, 졸참나무군락 $7,991,819.05m^2$ 3.94%로 3개 군락이 전체의 39.44%를 차지하고 있었으며, 산지습성림은 들메나무군락과 층층나무군락이 전체의 9.93%, 1.28%로 덕유산 일대의 산지습성림은 들메나무군락과 층층나무군락이 전체의 11.21%로 대부분을 차지하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 산지침엽수림은 소나무군락이 전체의 9.67%로서 대부분의 산지침염수림은 소나무 1종이 상층부에서 우점종으로 나타나는 군락의 양상을 나타내고 있다. 식재림은 일본잎갈나무가 식재림 전체의 3.55%로 가장 많이 식재되었으며, 리기다소나무가 2.16%, 잣나무가 1.58%로 3개 수종이 전체의 7.29%로 대부분이 이들 3종에 의하여 식재되어졌다. 결론적으로 덕유산 국립공원 일대 삼림식생은 신갈나무, 졸참나무, 굴참나무, 들메나무, 층층나무, 소나무 등 소수의 수종이 최상층부의 우점종으로 분포하고 있으며 2종에 의하여 형성된 수많은 군락들은 식생천이 및 기후적 요인에 의하여 이 지역 일대의 극상수종인 신갈나무, 서나무, 들메나무 등으로 군락 대체가 예상된다. 그러나 아고산침엽수림은 기후온난화와 인위적 교란에 의하여 점차적으로 낙엽활엽수의 분포비율이 증가할 것으로 보인다.