• 약학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

An analytical methodology based on solid-space extraction (SPE) with with Bond Elut Certify cartridge (Varian, 130 mg) has been developed for the qualification and quantitation of strychnine in blood. After the elution layer was evaporated, the residue was reconstituted with methanol for GC/MS. Internal standard was used 10 mg/l dextromethorphan. Strychnine is a potent central nervous stimulant and convulsant, and an alkaloid found in seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica. It was used therapeutically to improve circulation and muscle tone in oral or intramuscular doses of 0.05~8 mg. The fatal dose of strychnine for humans is 50~100 mg. A man was found dead lying curled up the corner of the large room in a roof house after the fire fighter opened a locked door inside to put out the fire. The postmortem blood and gastric contents were analyzed for toxicological testing. Strychnine and brucine were detected using GC/MS first in gastric contents extracts. The contents of strychnine was 0.083 mg/l in heart blood, 0.088 mg/l in peripheral blood and 4.0 mg/kg in gastric contents, respectively. Method validation was carried out in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision (intraday, interday) in blood. The assay is linear over 0.05~10 mg/l ($r^2$=0.999). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in blood were determined 0.02 mg/l (S/N=3) and 0.07 mg/l (S/N=10), respectively. Accuracy (bias%) of strychnine with 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l was 12.0% (n=6), 9.3% (n=6) and 6.9% (n=6), respectively. Intraday precision (CV%) of strychnine with, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l were 6.4%, 10.4%, 1.2% (n=6), respectively. Interday precision (CV%) of strychnine with 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l over three days were 24.0%, 18.5%, 13.8% (n=18), respectively. Relative recovery with 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l (in blood) were 114.9%, 99.3% and 87.4% (n=6), respectively. The described method can be applied in forensic toxicology to determine strychnine in blood samples.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.94-96
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• 2020

2013년 11월 한국의 농촌 주택에서 발생한 여성 신체의 지속적인 연소 사례가 제시된다. 여성의 신체 중 무릎에서 목 부분까지는 거의 완전하게 소각되었고 머리, 팔, 무릎 아래의 다리 및 발은 거의 연소되지 않은 상태로 발견되었다. 외부 점화원으로는 성냥에 의한 불씨가 가장 유력했다. 거실 바닥에서 발견된 할머니만 주로 연소되었으며, 주택 안에 있는 다른 사물들은 검갈색의 기름이 묻은 것처럼 또는 기름으로 코팅된 것처럼 보였으며 사실상 거의 연소되지 않았다. 변사자의 타지 않은 의류 및 양말에서 인화성 물질이 검출되지 않았으며, 근육 조직에서 약독물 성분 또한 확인되지 않았다. 말초 혈액의 혈중일산화탄소-헤모글로빈 농도는 11%, 안방수의 에틸알콜농도는 0.010% 미만이었다. 부검 결과 탄화가 고도로 진행되어 사망원인을 단정하기 어려웠다.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.172-175
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• 2008

Stable isotope ratio of carbon and nitrogen ($\delta^{13}C$ & $\delta^{15}N$), and $\Delta^{9}$-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) contents were measured on 37 Korean cannabis and 10 commercial grade marijuana seized in Korea. Factors influencing on the measured values and their variations were investigated. $\delta^{13}C$ value of cannabis is specified mainly by water availability. Korean cannabis showed relatively low $\delta^{13}C$ values ranging -33.29$\sim$-27.01% (mean=-31.01%), which reflect geographic conditions of Korea where is rainy, especially during summer. $\delta^{15}N$ values, which reflect individual planting conditions, were relatively high up to -0.5$\sim$18.0% (mean=6.44%). It reflects characteristics of Korean cannabis growing wild in forest or cultivated in fertile soil. Tetrahydrocannabinol is the major hallucinogenic compound of cannabis. Ethanol extracts of cannabis leaves were derivatized by N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), and the derivatives were analyzed by GC-MS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. THC contents of Korean cannabis ranged 0.11$\sim$4.34% (mean=1.47%), which were relatively low compared with commercial grade marijuana.

• 분석과학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2016

최근 손안에 들어올 정도로 크기가 작아 범죄현장 등에서 사용이 가능하며, 다른 일반적인 장비들에 비해 가격이 1/10이하로 저렴하여 누구나 사용할 수 있는 MiniPCR^TM mini8 Thermal Cycler (Amplyus, Cambridge, MA, USA)가 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 DNA감식에 일반적으로 사용되고 네 가지 종류의 상염색체 STR 다중증폭 키트들과 한 종류의 Y 염색체 STR 증폭키트, 그리고 미토콘드리아 DNA HV1/HV2의 염기서열 분석법을 사용하여 MiniPCR^TM mini8 Thermal Cycler의 성능을 Applied Biosystems사의 GeneAmp^® PCR system 9700와 비교하였다. STR 다중증폭키트 키트들의 민감도와 증폭 불균형 정도를 비교한 결과 두 PCR 장비에서 큰 차이가 없었으며, 미토콘드리아 DNA HV1/HV2의 염기서열 분석 결과도 동등하였다. MiniPCR^TM mini8 Thermal Cycler는 DNA 감식 실험실은 물론이고, 가격이 저렴해 학교와 개인이 간편하게 사용할 수 있으며, 휴대가 간편해 차량이나 야외에서 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2022년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.33-36
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• 2022

이벤트 로그(Event Log)는 윈도우 운영체제에서 시스템 로그를 기록하는 형식으로 시스템 운영에 대한 정보를 체계적으로 관리한다. 이벤트는 시스템 자체 또는 사용자의 특정 행위로 인해 발생할 수 있고, 그러한 이벤트 로그는 시스템의 시작과 종료뿐만 아니라 기업 보안 감사, 악성코드 탐지 등 행위의 근거로 사용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 PC 종료 관련 실험을 통해 이벤트 로그와 ID를 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 통해 PC의 정상 및 비정상 종료 여부를 판단하여, 현장 압수·수색 시 해당 저장매체에 대해 선별압수·매체압수의 해당 여부 식별이 가능하다. 본 연구는 현장수사관이 디지털증거 압수·수색 시 절차적 적법성과 증거능력 확보의 근거 활용에 기여할 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Legal Medicine
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2017

Fetal DNA (fDNA) detection in maternal serum is a challenge due to low copy number and the smaller size of fDNA fragments compared to DNA fragments derived from the mother. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is a useful technique for fetal genetic analysis that is able to detect and quantify small amounts of DNA. In this study, seven clinical samples of maternal serum potentially containing fDNA were analyzed with a commercial single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel, the HID-Ion $AmpliSeq^{TM}$ Identity Panel, and the results were compared to those from previous studies. Reference profiles for mothers and fetuses were not available, but multiple Y chromosomal SNPs were detected in two samples, indicating that fDNA was present in the serum and thereby validating observations of autosomal SNPs. This suggests that SNP-based MPS can be valuable for fDNA detection, thereby offering an insight into fetal genetic status. This technology could also be used to detect small amounts of DNA in mixed DNA samples for forensic applications.

• 분석과학
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.170-179
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• 2023

Starvation, diabetes, alcoholism and hypothermia cause ketoacidosis in the human body; therefore, the cause of death can be determined by analyzing ketone bodies in the blood of the deceased. In the case of decomposition of the cadaver, however, since collecting intact blood is impossible, ketone body analysis is performed using the spleen. However, the index for diagnosing ketoacidosis is based on blood concentration, and its correlation with ketone bodies present in the spleen remains unknown. In particular, since decomposition proceeds rapidly during summer, when temperature and humidity are high, understanding the correlation between ketone bodies in the blood and spleen is important to estimate the state at the time of death from a decaying body. Therefore, in the present study, the correlation between ketone bodies in the blood and spleen of the deceased was explored. Ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyric acid [BHB] and acetone) in the blood and spleen were analyzed and compared from autopsies (>100 mg·L^-1 BHB, blood basis) conducted at the Daejeon Forensic Research Institute from June to December 2021. Moreover, the concentration of ketone bodies in the spleen juice and tissues was compared assuming the scenario of extreme decomposition. Ketone retention concentration in the blood and spleen was positively correlated, and the ratio of BHB concentration in the spleen to BHB concentration in the blood ranged from 0.52 to 1.08 (mean = 0.85 ± 0.12), although the ratio may vary depending on the degree of decomposition of the corpse.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.302-313
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• 2023

Y chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) markers have been developed continuously to complement forensic DNA analyses and population genetic studies. Initially, we collected data from previously reported Korean population Y-STR haplotype studies on 1133 individuals. We then conducted a marker expansion analysis using a dataset from the Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD), covering up to 29 Y-STRs, referred to as Ymax. Additionally, we examined the impact of rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs included in this expanded marker set on the discrimination capacity. We observed that marker expansions both with (0.9896), and without (0.9510), RM Y-STR improved the discrimination capacity. Subsequently, we focused on 16 individuals belonging to seven distinct groups sharing identical haplotypes. These particular haplotypes had been previously identified among 476 unrelated males using 23 Y-STR markers from the PowerPlex^® Y23 System. We expanded the marker panel up to Ymax to explore how discrimination improved with an expansion of Y-STR markers for these 16 individuals. Among the expanded markers, DYS627, which had high discriminatory power, had a high mutation rate (1.10 × 10^-2) and high gene diversity (0.83). In contrast, DYF387S1 displayed high gene diversity (0.95) but a relatively low mutation rate (2.80 × 10^-3). We propose that these findings will be valuable in the selection of suitable Y-STR markers, depending on the objectives of forensic analyses. Additionally, the presence of frequently observed Y-haplotypes in Korean population will facilitate statistical interpretation in Y-STR DNA profiling.

• 분석과학
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.340-351
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• 2013

The chemical element and structural characterization of different types of cements and its brick stones are been investigated under forensic aspects using X-ray florescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer. The XRF provides rapid compositional data for controlling almost all stages of raw materials, clinker and cement. The decisive advantage of XRD methods is based on the unique character of the diffraction patterns of crystalline substances, the ability to distinguish between elements and their oxides, and the possibility to identify chemical compounds, polymeric forms, and mixed crystals by non-destructive examination. Therefore, combination of these examinations is useful and able to apply for the forensic analysis in comparison of cements and brick stones. There are more study remained to determine the viability of method for forensic analysis of brick stones and the limits of the discrimination that can be achieved.

• 분석과학
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2018

혈흔의 탐색은 과학수사에 있어서 매우 중요하고, 혈흔이 육안으로 관찰되지 않을 때 흔히 루미놀이 사용된다. 최근, 루미놀을 기반으로 새로운 혈흔 탐지 시약 제조법이 개발되었고, 기존의 블루스타 제품보다 높은 활성 지속력이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 보고된 새로운 혈흔 탐지 시약 제조법 두 가지를 선별(이하 블러드플레어A, B)하여 특이성과 디엔에이에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였고, 기존의 블루스타와 비교하였다. 블러드플레어A, B는 혈흔 외 다른 인체분비물에서 위양성 반응이 없었으나, 채소, 구리황산염, 철황산염 및 차아염소산나트륨이 함유된 표백제에 대하여 위양성 반응이 관찰되었으며, 이는 블루스타와 동일한 양상을 보였다. 디엔에이에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 추출 과정, 반응 시간에 의한 디엔에이 분해, 디엔에이 프로필 검출에 미치는 영향을 시험하였고, 블러드플레어는 비교적 디엔에이에 안정적이며, 법과학적 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단하였다.