• 임상간호연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.56-67
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an evidence-based nursing protocol for peripheral intravenous catheter management in hospitalized children. Methods: The preliminary protocol of this study was developed based on domestic and foreign guidelines, research, a survey and an analysis of medical records in a university hospital. It is a methodological research to develop evidence-based nursing protocol of peripheral intravenous catheter management verified by content validity by a group of specialists and users. Results: The specialists' verification of validity in the preparatory protocol had a CVI level of 0.94 and the propriety and conveniency of users had an average of $3.0{\pm}0.52$. The final evidence-based nursing protocol was composed of 5 areas (education, dressing and fixation, maintenance and replacement, observation and record, and coping to complication) with 46 specific recommendations. Conclusion: Based on domestic and foreign research and guidelines verified by specialists and users, the findings in this study provide a simple, applicable and evidence-based nursing protocol for peripheral intravenous catheter management in hospitalized children. By the clinical application of this protocol, nurse tasks in managing peripheral intravenous catheter can be performed with more scientific evidence and be standardized.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2001

As the adoption of PACS and hospital information system among university hospitals and hospital level institutions grows bigger, the need of sharing and transferring medical information among medical institutions is rising. For the medical information, which is saved in the hospital medical system, to be transferred within the same hospital, domestic, or foreign medical institutions, a standard protocol is necessary. But realistically, most of the domestic hospitals do not abide by H7L which is the HIS standard and so, information transferring is not possible as of present. As such, the purpose of this research is to implement the information between HIS and PACS to an international standard by constructing HL7 messages through HL7 Interface. which will eventually make possible information transferring between different hospitals. Our research team has developed a method which will make the PACS equip hospitals that do not follow HL7 standard which will make possible to transfer information between HIS and PACS through HL7 Message. By constructing message files, which follow the form of HL7 Message in the HL7 Interface, they can be transferred to PACS through the ftp protocol. The realization of the HIS/OCS Interface through HL7 enables data transferring between domestic and foreign medical institutions possible by implementing the international standard in the PACS and HIS data transferring process. The HL7 that our research team has developed made patient data transfer between medical institutions possible. The Interface is for a specific system model and in order for the data transfer between different systems to be realized, interfaces that are fit for each system must be needed. If the interface is improvised and implemented to each hospital's information system, the data sharing among medical institutions can be broadened.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.4123-4126
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• 2015

Background: Carcinoma of the esophagus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The most common subtype is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In the past three decades, the incidence of SCC has been reported to be decreasing whereas esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) is increasing. This study assessed the trend of esophageal cancer in Brunei Darussalam over a three decades period. Materials and Methods: The National Cancer registry was searched for esophageal cancers from 1986 to 2012. Data on age, gender, racial groups (Malays, Chinese, Indigenous and foreign nationals) and histology type were collected. The rate (ASR) and Age Specific Incidence rate (ASIR) were calculated. Results: The predominant tumor type was SCC which accounted for 89% of all esophageal cancer. The gender ratio was 2.25: 1 (male: female) and the mean age at diagnosis was $66.9{\pm}12.9$ years, significantly younger for esophageal AC ($57.2{\pm}16.0$) compared to SCC ($68.1{\pm}12.0$, p<0.05), and among the foreign nationals (p<0.05 for trend). The proportions of SCC among all esophageal cancers in the various racial groups were: Malays (87.8%), Chinese (100%), Indigenous (100%) and foreign nationals (20%). None of the Chinese and Indigenous groups were diagnosed with esophageal AC. The overall ASR for esophageal cancer was 2.1/100,000; 2.0/100,000 for SCC with a declining trend and 0.17/100,000 for esophageal AC, without any trend observed. Among the two major racial groups; the Chinese has higher ASR (3.42/100,000) compared to the Malays (ASR 0.95/100,000). Conclusions: SCC is the predominant tumor type of esophageal cancer in Brunei Darussalam and more common among the Chinese. There was a declining trend in the incidence of SCC but not for esophageal AC.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2020

This is a systematic review of the clinical use of cupping therapy. Four domestic databases and 2 foreign databases were searched. Studies that reported the cupping pressure used during cupping therapy were included in this study. The types of cupping, cupping site, pressure, and duration of cupping were the main parameters analyzed. A total of 27 studies, including 24 experimental studies were analyzed. There were 12 constant negative pressure (domestic) studies with a range between 60 mmHg and 600 mmHg. There were 5 maximum negative pressure (domestic) studies and the maximum negative pressure was 620 mmHg. Three studies used a maximum negative pressure of 600 mmHg. There were 4 constant negative pressure (foreign) studies with a range between 75 mmHg to 750 mmHg. There were 3 maximum negative pressure (foreign) studies with a maximum pressure of 420 mmHg. The studies differed with regards to the materials used and the amount of pressure applied. Many studies had limited information and therefore generalizability of the results in this review is limited. Further experimental studies are required to establish the correlation between cupping pressure and treatment effects so that cupping therapy can be standardised.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.32-48
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• 2003

Korea is to open its medical markets to foreign hospitals starting in the year 2006 regardless of our will(DDA, Doha Development Agenda). To accurately understand the characteristics of Korean medical users, their detailed and various needs, their attitudes toward the opening of Korean medical markets, and factors affecting these users in choosing foreign medical service providers would be first step needs to be taken by the Korean medical facilities that need to survive and develope through the fiercely competitive era coming with the opening of Korean medical markets to foreign medical service providers and would be very important in hospital management. The subjects of this study were 500 patients randomly selected from the outpatients who visited one of university hospitals in Seoul on the 14th-16th days of April 2003, and conducted a self-completion questionnaire. The answers of 463 respondents among the selected patients(93% of a responding rate)were analyzed through the Excel and statistics programs. The attitudes on the opening of the medical markets were shown in agreement 56.5%(247 persons), disagreement 6.9%(30 persons), and no idea 36.6%(160 persons). In consideration of only the answers as agreement and disagreement exclusive of the answer as no idea, 89.2% of the respondents agreed to the opening of the medical markets while 10.8% objected to the opening. The approval rate was higher with the higher education and income levels. Moreover, The approval rate for the opening of the medical markets was relatively high regardless of the satisfaction in the medical service, and the most important reason of the agreement was the guarantee of the patients(national)option. The main reason of the disagreement was high medical fee(50.5%), and the other reasons showing low rates were outflow of the domestic fund to the foreign countries(13.6%), damage of medical influences on the public(11.4%), lack of competition of the domestic medical industry(9.1%)and so on. As for the factors of selecting the foreign hospitals in the opening of the medical markets, the patients considered the authority(competency)of doctors firstly, and the other principal factors were worldwide fame and reliance, specific explanation of doctors, modernized medical instruments, convenient consultation procedure, etc. The patients agreed to the opening of the medical markets at a high rate regardless of the satisfaction in the medical service, and the most principal reason of the agreement was the guarantee of the patients(national)option for the medical care. Connected with the factors to select the hospitals, the approval reasons for the opening of the medical markets were the authority(competency)of the doctors as the first one, and then fame and tradition, reliance, overall diagnosis and modernized medical instruments, doctors specific explanation, and so on. However, these factors are actually associated with the Quality of the medical care, and consequently the approval reasons for the opening of the medical markets are connected with the security of the medical care. Accordingly, the guarantee of the patients(national)option answered as the main reason of the agreement can be also understood as the awareness of the right to have a variety of options for the security of the medical quality.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.929-935
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• 1990

Violence in our society, combined with improving transport system, resulted in increased numbers of patients with cardiac wounds reaching the hospital alive. Most patients with penetrating cardiac injury, rather than blunt injury, present with a syndrome of either hemorrhagic shock or cardiac tamponade. And they should be operated upon as soon as possible. Often the atrioventricular valves and other important cardiac structures are also damaged by the penetrating instruments or missile. Both intracardiac communications and atrioventricular fistulas may result in significant left-to-right shunts accompanied by congestive heart failure, necessitating surgical correction. Usually, retained cardiac foreign bodies, which are almost always bullets or fragments of missiles, may lie within a cardiac chamber or in the myocardium. Emboli of bullets or other missiles from distant sites to the right side of the heart are numerous enough to require attention. Recently we experienced a case with intracardiac foreign body due to penetrating cardiac injury. A 19 year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to penetrating anterior chest wound by iron segment. The roentgenogram of the chest revealed a radio-opaque metallic shadow in left lower chest around the cardiac apex, mild blunting of left costophrenic space, but no cardiomegaly. During operation the foreign body was noted to be present in the cardiac chamber by the portable C-arm fluoroscopy. But during the manipulation it moved into left inferior pulmonary vein from left ventricle by way of left atrium. So we could manage to remove it from left inferior pulmonary vein by direct approach to the vein. It was iron segment, sized 0.lcm x0.6cmx0.5cm, with sharp margins. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery except for chylopericardium and was discharged.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.600-606
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• 2005

Background : The development of bronchoscopic equipment along with the precision of radiographic techniques had reduced the mortality rate of patients with tracheobronchial foreign bodies but has been no change in the incidence of tracheobronchial foreign bodies since their introduction. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics of a tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration and to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment modality in children and adults. Methods : This is a retrospective review of 64 patients who underwent bronchoscopic procedures for the treatment of aspirated foreign bodies from December 1994 through March 2004 at the Chonnam national university hospital. Results : There were 47 males and 17 females, aged from 1 month to 78 years. Most of the patients had no underlying illness except for one patient with a cerebrovascular accident that contributed to the foreign body aspiration. The most common symptom was cough, which was noted in 54 patients (84.3%). The other presenting symptoms were dyspnea (48.8%), fever (20.3%), sputum (14%), vomiting (7.8%), and chest pain (4.6%). Those whose tracheobronchial foreign bodies were diagnosed more than 2 days after the aspiration (21 patients) were more likely to have pneumonia than those whose foreign bodies were diagnosed within 2 days (p = 0.009). Foreign bodies were visualized in the plain chest radiographs in 12 cases (18.8%), while others showed air trapping (21, 32.8%), pneumonia (15, 23.4%), atelectasis (7, 10.9%), and normal findings (9, 14.1%). The foreign bodies were more frequently found in the right bronchial tree (36) compared with the left bronchial tree (22, p = 0.04). In order to remove the foreign bodies, twenty (31.2%) cases were removed using flexible bronchoscopy, while 42 (65.6%) and 2 (3.2%) cases required rigid bronchoscopy and surgery, respectively. Conclusions : Tracheobronchial Foreign body aspiration had a bimodal age distribution in the infancy and old age around 60 years. They were found more frequently in the right bronchial tree. In addition, patients whose foreign bodies were diagnosed more than 2 days after the aspiration were more likely have a infection. Rigid bronchoscopy is the procedure of choice for uncooperative children and for those with foreign bodies lodged deeply in the small bronchial tree.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7243-7249
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• 2013

Numerous studies have been conducted regarding association between TNF-${\alpha}$ and oral cancer risk, but the results remain controversial. The present meta-analysis is performed to acquire a more precise estimation of relationships. Databases of Pubmed, the Cochrane library and the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) were retrieved until August 10, 2013. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated with fixed- or random-effect models. The heterogeneity assumption was assessed by I-squared test. Among the eight included case-control studies, all were focused on TNF-${\alpha}$-308G>A and four also concerned the TNF-${\alpha}$-238G>A polymorphism. It was found that oral cancer risk were significant decreased with the TNF-${\alpha}$-308G>A polymorphism in the additive genetic model (GG vs. AA, OR=0.19, 95% CI: [0.04, 1.00], P=0.05, I2=68.9%) and the dominant genetic model (GG+GA vs. AA, OR=0.22, 95% CI: [0.06, 0.82], P=0.03, I2=52.4%); however, no significant association was observed in allele contrast (G vs. A, OR=0.70, 95% CI: [0.23, 2.16], P=0.54, I2=95.9%) and recessive genetic models (GG vs. GA+AA, OR=0.72, 95% CI: [0.33, 1.57], P=0.41, I2=93.1%). For the TNF-${\alpha}$-238G>A polymorphism, significant associations with oral cancer risk were found in the allele contrast (G vs. A, OR=2.75, 95% CI: [1.25, 6.04], P=0.01, I2=0.0%) and recessive genetic models (GG vs. GA+AA, OR=2.23, 95%CI: [1.18, 4.23], P=0.01, I2=0.0%). Conclusively, this meta-analysis indicates that TNF-${\alpha}$ polymorphisms may contribute to the risk of oral cancer. Allele G and the GG+GA genotype of TNF-${\alpha}$-308G>A may decrease the risk of oral cancer, while allele G and the GG genotype of TNF-${\alpha}$-238G>A may cause an increase.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.577-584
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• 2020

본 연구는 비영어권의 내원객 수가 나날이 증가하고 있고 그에 따른 방사선 검사 시 언어의 소통 및 의사전달에 한계가 있었다. 이에 검사를 위해 제작한 안내서를 배부 후 설명 전후에 따른 개선 효과를 알아 보았다. 검사 부위 인지 여부는 점수 척도가 통계적 유의성이 없었고 검사의 불편 정도, 호흡 지침 이해 정도, 검사 설명 만족도는 제작한 안내서 설명 전후에 따라 점수 척도가 향상되었으며 통계적 유의성이 있었다. 비영어권 외국인 내원객의 경우 영어나 한국어로 했을 때 보다 자국의 문자로 설명하는 것에 만족하였고, 그 방법 또한 검사실 내 조명 신호를 이용하여 외국인 내원객에게 호흡을 조절해야 하는 시기를 알려 줌으로써 효과적인 검사를 시행할 수 있었다. 향후 다양한 언어 통역 프로그램과 다양한 검사 부위에 따른 안내서 제작과 도구 개발, 방사선사 및 의료진의 외국어 능력 향상 등 여러 관점에서 의사소통 수단이 구현 될 때 비로소 의료서비스 및 영상 의학적 검사의 질이 개선 될 수 있을 것이다. 앞으로 다른 영상의학 검사실에서도 영어나 한국어를 이해하지 못하는 비영어권 외국인을 검사할 때 사용할 수 있는 매뉴얼을 마련하는데 기초 자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 사료 된다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.169-172
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• 2016

Dermal fillers are generally accepted as safe and well-tolerable cosmetic tools. However, adverse reactions have been reported in the literature. Here, we present a case of atypical facial filler granuloma and compare its histologic features with those of the classic paraffinoma.