• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2009

Incheon International Airport as the gateway to Korea is having the happiest time with those honorable prizes. But in these days, the trend of aviation is changing rapidly, so many rival airports in the world as well as north-east asian countries are rushing to find new revenue sources not to be turned over. Hence Incheon International Airport should push into fresh fields or create new sources of business keeping innovation by making foreign airports its role model. This study brings up some new profit models of foreign airports; Malaysia's Kuala Lumpur International Airport, China's Xiamen Aviation Industry Zone, German's Frankfurt Fraport Airports Group. This study analyzes the status of listed airports and presents strategies after investigating whether they are suitable for and compatible to Incheon International Airport.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.10-13
• /
• 2005

We have studied effects of the partial substitution of $La^{3+}$ for $A^{2+}$ on the magnetic properties of double perovskites $A_2FeMoO_6$ (A=Ca, Sr and Ba). Polycrystalline $A_{2-x}La_xFeMoO_6(0{\leq}x{\leq}0.2)$ samples have been prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction in a stream of 5% $H_2$/Ar gas. The x-ray data indicate that A=Ca is monoclinic with the space group P$2_1$/n, A=Sr is tetragonal with the space group I4/mmm, and A=Ba is cubic with the space group Fm3m. The substitution of $La^{3+}$ for $A^{2+}$ results in a cell volume increase for A=Ca and a cell volume reduction for A=Ba. The decrease of saturation magnetization with increasing x arises from the reduction of magnetic moment associated with the electron doping and the disorder at the Fe and Mo sites. The partial substitution of magnetic $La^{3+}$ for $A^{2+}$ considerably enhances the Curie temperature $T_c$ from 316 K for x = 0 to 334 K for x = 0.2. This enhancement of $T_c$ with $La^{3+}$ doping originates from electron doping effects in addition to ionic size ones.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.91-120
• /
• 2020

The Scope of Application of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act and Foreign Investment Act This article examines whether the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act and the Foreign Investment Act of North Korea apply to South Korean parties or companies. This article analyzes laws and agreements related to economic cooperation between South Korea and North Korea. Furthermore, this article compares and evaluates laws related to foreign investment and enacted in North Korea. Now, North Korea's door is closed due to economic sanctions against it, but it will be opened soon. Thus, this article prepares for the future opening of North Korea's markets. Is there a rule of laws in North Korea or just a ruler? Are there laws in North Korea? North Korea has enacted a number of legislation to attract foreign investors, referring to those Chinese laws. For example, North Korea enacted the Foreigner Investment Act, the Foreigner Company Act, the Foreign Investment Bank Act, the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act, the Foreign Economic Contract Act, the International Trade Act, and the Free Economy and Trade Zone Act, among others. Article 2 (2) of the Foreign Investment Law of North Korea states, "Foreign investors are corporations and individuals from other countries investing in our country." It is interpreted that South Korea is not included in the "other countries" of this definition. According to many mutual agreements signed by South Korea and North Korea, the relationship between the two Koreas is a special relation inside the Korean ethnic group. An arbitration between a South Korean party and a North Korean party has the characteristics of both domestic arbitrations and international arbitrations. If the South Korea and North Korea Commercial Arbitration Commission or the Kaesong Industrial Complex Arbitration Commission is not established, the possibility of arbitration by the Chosun International Trade Arbitration Commission, established under North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act, should be examined. There have been no cases where the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act is applied to disputes between parties of South Korea and North Korea. It might be possible to apply the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act by recognizing the "foreign factor" of a dispute between the South Korean party and North Korean party. It is necessary to raise legislative clarifications by revising the North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act as to whether Korean parties or companies are included in the scope of this Act's application. Even if it is interpreted that South Korean parties or companies are not included in the scope of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act, disputes between South Korean companies and North Korean companies can be resolved by foreign arbitration institutes such as CIETAC in China, HKIAC in Hong Kong, or SIAC in Singapore. Such arbitration awards could be enforced in North Korea pursuant to Article 64 of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act. This is because the arbitration awards of foreign arbitration institutes are included in the scope of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act. The matter is how to enforce the North Korean laws when a North Korean party or North Korean government does not abide by the laws or their contracts. It is essential for North Korea to join the New York Convention (Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards) and the ICSID Convention (Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.14-20
• /
• 2007

The anodic dissolution of electrodeposited iron group elements (Fe, Co, Ni) were studied in phthalate buffer solution. The pH dependence of the corrosion potential, the corrosion current and Tafel slope was measured for each element. Based on the electrochemical parameters including Tafel slopes, we proposed the redox mechanism of the corrosion and the passivation. The adsorption of various phthalate species on the electrodeposited iron group elements seemed to be affected the corrosion mechanisms.

• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.173-183
• /
• 2002

In this paper, we propose an efficient forecasting methodology of the mid and long-term frequency demand in Korea. The methodology consists of the following three steps: classification of basic service group, calculation of effective traffic, and frequency forecasting. Based on the previous studies, we classify the services into wide area mobile, short range radio, fixed wireless access and digital video broadcasting in the step of the classification of basic service group. For the calculation of effective traffic, we use the measures of erlang and bps. The step of the calculation of effective traffic classifies the user and basic application, and evaluates the effective traffic. Finally, in the step of frequency forecasting, different methodology will be proposed for each service group.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2010

In Korea Maritime University facilities, environment, education and awareness about the Green Campus has been studied in the field. Based on this, domestic and foreign universities and the benchmarking of the environmental characteristics of our university campus environment, the composition of the plan were considered. In this study, based on what our universities have links with the community on what was discussed a lot about. In our university campus tour aimed at young people plan green, and sustainable management measures have been studied.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.67-84
• /
• 2012

The present study investigated the effect of sentence translation as a production task on short-term and long-term retention of foreign vocabulary. 87 EFL university students at a beginning level, enrolled in reading class participated in the study. The study compared the performance of three groups on vocabulary recall: (1) Control group, (2) Translation group, and (3) Copy group. During the treatment sessions, translation group translated L1 sentences into English, while copy group simply copied given English sentences with each target word. Results of the immediate test were collected each week from week 2 to week 5 and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results revealed that regarding short-term vocabulary retention, participants in rote-copy condition outperformed those in translation group. Four weeks later a delayed test was administered to measure long-term vocabulary retention. In contrast, the results of two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that long-term vocabulary retention of translation group was significantly greater than copy group. The findings suggest that although sentence translation is rather challenging to low-level learners, it may facilitate long-term retention of new vocabulary given the more elaborate and deeper processing the task entails.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.173-183
• /
• 2020

The paper investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam in 2000-2019 period. This study uses difference Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) to analyse panel data officially provided by General Statistical Office of Vietnam. The results show that market size impacts positively significant on FDI attraction: 1% -1.45% (PMG) and 1% -1.25% (GMM). Besides, some other factors have positive influences as labor force, macroeconomic policy, macroeconomic stability and skilled labor. Meantime, the trade openness negatively affects FDI inflows in the short-term, while not being statistically significant in the long-term. Moreover, economic shocks often have a negative impact on FDI inflows. The findings of this study lead to the following recommendations. First, authorities should pay special attention to encourage economic growth rate in Vietnam to expand market size because this is the first priority of foreign investors. Second, authorities need to continue increasing the rate of skilled labor, especially highly qualified management force, engineers and well-skilled workers. Third, the authorities should adjust trade openness to boost the role of its determinant in attracting FDI inflows. Fourth, macroeconomic stability needs to be governed by international standards in order to secure the belief of foreign investors in the long-term.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.16 no.10
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2018

Purpose - The main purpose of the study is to investigate the antecedents of repurchase intention on foreign brand products by Chinese and Indian millennial customers. In addition to this, this study also examines mediating effect of 'CSR' on the relationship between the antecedents and repurchase intention. Research design, data, and methodology - Responses from 202 Chinese university students and 209 Indian university students were finally analyzed. To test the proposed relationships, path analyses, mediation analyses and multi-group analysis were conducted. Results - In China, only brand image had positive effects on repurchase intention. CSR played mediating role between manufacturer's country image and repurchase intention. In India, comparatively, economic factor, manufacturer's country image and brand image had positive effects on repurchase intention. CSR played mediating role between all four antecedents and repurchase intention. Conclusion - This study showed different results of repurchase intentions of Millennial consumers in China and India because cultural and political systems of two countries were so different. So foreign firms should apply customized and differentiated marketing strategies to each country.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.166-178
• /
• 2013

Purpose: To survey the social distance of nursing students toward minority groups (immigrants, foreign workers, Saeteomins, and foreign students) and compare them according to general and multicultural characteristics. Methods: The subjects were 409 students from two nursing schools at G metropolitan city. Data were collected with self-reported questionnaires from April 2012 to June 2012, and analyzed by descriptive statistics (t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe test) using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The mean scores of social distance were $1.90{\pm}0.57$ (out of 4 points) and scores significantly differed according to religion (t=3.095, p=.002), tourist experiences in foreign countries (t=-2.651, p=.008), and for Asian background of minority groups. There were also differences according to the number of foreign friends(F=4.924, p=.008) and duration of friendships(F=3.913, p=.021). Conclusion: The level of social distance of nursing students was lower than average but needs to be reduced. We suggest further studies on the social distance toward each minority group and the development of valid scales for social distance and its related variables.