• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.844-846
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• 1999

이물질(foreign body)의 만성적인 자극은 혈관에 지연성 손상을 가져올 수 있다. 척추 측후만증을 교정하고 자 약 14개월 전에 흉추에 CD 금속강과 나사못(Cotrel-Dubousset rods and screws)을 장치했던 환자에서 CD 나사못의 만성적인 자극으로 흉벽의 박동성 혈종을 합병한 가성 대동맥류가 발생하였다. 이 환자에서 가성 대동맥류가 발생한 하행대동맥 부위를 절제하고 인조혈관 대치술로 치료하였기에 보고한다.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2015

Present monetary system is based on fallacies. The purpose of this article is to highlight the pitfalls in economic thinking. The article shows that this way of thinking leads to the creation of inflation which is the root of all evil. The analysis proceeds in different approach to the contemporary theory of money. An inflation- free monetary system is introduced. Monetary system is the set of mechanisms that controls money. In this broad sense, monetary system can be divided into three different systems. Each of them has different goal; National monetary system which aims to raise sufficient funds in order to reach an optimal level of output growth that maintains full employment and satisfies the economic requirements of the community. National redistribution system which aims to redistribute funds in order to sustain individuals at or above a specified material standard of living, and enable government to provide public services. International monetary system which aims to preserve rights of parties in foreign exchange transactions.

• 폴리머
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2004

생체 이식용 재료로서 제한된 용도를 갖는 기존의 스폰지를 대체하기 위해 히드록시에틸 메타크릴레이트 및 메타크릴산염이 높은 단량체 농도에서 단독 또는 공중합하여 생체적합성 및 생체안정성이 향상된 수화젤을 합성하고 이들의 세포 독성, 세포 부착성, 및 조직 적합성 등을 고찰하였다. 히드록시에틸 메타크릴레이트의 투입 몰비가 증가할수록 세포 독성은 감소하여 0.05의 투입 몰비에서는 거의 세포 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 메타크릴산염이 0.01의 몰비로 투입된 수화젤이 가장 우수한 세포 부착 및 퍼짐을 보인 반면, 메타크릴산염이 0.05 투입된 수화젤은 낮은 세포 부착을 보였다. 메타크릴산염이 공중합된 수화젤은 이식 후 8주가 경과하여도 특별한 이물질 반응의 소견을 보이지 않았다. 따라서 높은 단량체 농도에서 히드록시에틸 메타크릴레이트와 메타크릴산염을 적절한 단량체 투입비로 공중합하여 제조한 수화젤은 탁월한 생체적합성 및 생체안정성을 갖는 생체 이식용 재료로 사용될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2012

This article was intended as fundamental materials to recognize the current status of furniture hard ware in Korean market and to fix the identity of Korean furniture, by investigating and comparing the furniture hard ware used in the Joseon era and in modern times by type, function, shape and material. The analysis of furniture hard ware of the Joseon era and modern times from the view of functional aspects was oriented to the hard ware necessary to open and close the door & drawer on one side, and to that being attached to the main body of furniture not to scratch the wood by another wood on the other side, and from this the following conclusion was drawn. First of all, "Gwangdoojung" - a kind of spike- and metal decoration on the edge of the furniture disappeared, while the function-oriented hard wares have been diversified in modern times, from the perspective of the change of kinds. Second, the functional aspect of the furniture hard ware was emphasized in modern times than the Joseon era. In other words, the hard wares of the Joseon era came into view due to their strong appeal to decoration, whereas those of modern times were mostly hidden or moderated, keeping the function substantially. Third, the hard wares from the Joseon era were shown in concrete and detailed shape motivated by natural objects and furthermore even gloriously, but the modern hard wares are simple & basic geometry, from a formative point of view. Fourth, the material aspects present that the Joseon era's hard ware was mainly cast iron, whereas that of modern times shows the diversification from metal to even plastic. Finally, the recent trend in naming of the hard wares is the words of foreign origin. This resulted from that the foreign names of hard wares are valid also after import process in Korean market, so the domestic development of hard ware as the essential factor for the furniture design is urgently necessary to establish the identity of Korean modern furniture.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.326-330
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• 2010

$CoSb_3$ Skutterudites materials have high potential for thermoelectric application at mid-temperature range because of their superior thermoelectric properties via control of charge carrier density and substitution of foreign atoms. Improvement of thermoelectric properties is expected for the ternary solid solution developed by substitution of foreign atoms having different valances into the $CoSb_3$ matrix. In this study, ternary solid solutions with a stoichiometry of $Co_{1-x}Ni_xSb_3$ x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, $CoSb_{3-y}Te_y$, y = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 were prepared by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) system. Before the SPS synthesis, the ingots were synthesized by vacuum induction melting and followed by annealing. For phase analysis X-ray powder diffraction patterns were checked. All the samples were confirmed as single phase; however, with samples that were more doped than the solubility limit some secondary phases were detected. All the samples doped with Ni and Te atoms showed a negative Seebeck coefficient and their electrical conductivities increased with the doping amount up to the solubility limit. For the samples prepared by SPS the maximum value for dimensionless figure of merit reached 0.26, 0.42 for $Co_{0.9}Ni_{0.1}Sb_3$, $CoSb_{2.8}Te_{0.2}$ at 690 K, respectively. These results show that the SPS method is effective in this system and Ni/Te dopants are also effective for increasing thermoelectric properties of this system.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권3호통권39호
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• pp.23-37
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to suggest, an ameliorated, 'standard of estimated unit manpower & material' in the Landscape Planting Work. To achieve this goal of this study, following process was performed to reach more advanced results. First, relevant domestic & foreign references were gathered & analyzed with a viewpoint of the system & contents within, Second, most similar foreign country‘s relevant 10 forms & actual site were surveyed, Third, actual site data were collected from the 17 selected landscape Planting sites Fourth, the collected data from reference study & actual site survey were analyzed and calculated. And Finally, analyzed data were reorganized & rearranged in good order with 3 principles to produce more ameliorated 'Standard of estimated unit manpower & material' in the landscape Planting Work. The suggested main results of this study include, 1. Reorganization of current system to transplanting(includes excavation & root ball wrapping), planting(includes tree & shrub), turfing & maintenance 2. Deletion of the Range of 'account of labor' & simultaneous distribution of 'account of labor' with a proposed regular ratio 3. Adjustment of the range of the plant's size 4. Amelioration of the level of 'Account of labor' 5. New establishment in maintenance items as Watering, Fertilizing & spraying chemicals on turf area. 6. Readjustment & new establishment of the backfill volume. 7. Actualization, readjustment & new establishment of the transportation amount.

• 한국어교육
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.63-86
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• 2017

This research aims to evaluate the effects and the shortcomings of strategies for teaching paraphrasing to foreign university students. For this study, the effects of teaching paraphrasing skills on student's academic writing was investigated through the assessment of pre- and post-test writing tasks and through a focus group interview. The teaching of paraphrasing was divided into 3 instructional sessions and the focus group interview was conducted at the end of the last session. After each instructional session three trained assessors evaluated the outcomes of pre and post task writings; the in-depth focus group interviews were conducted on seven of the students in order to define better positive effects as well as shortcomings. By comparing the scores of pre- and post-task assignments it is possible to affirm that there is a meaningful difference for overall scores; moreover, in an analysis conducted on each single sub-element of the paraphrasing skill, it emerged that except for "task completion", all other four elements of "structure", "understanding core content", "change of expression" and "academic expressions" showed a statistically significant improvement in performance. On the other hand, as a result of the focus group interview, it was possible to individuate as main shortcomings insufficient vocabulary knowledge, poor overall comprehension of the reference material, lack of practice and difficulty in connect sentences organically. It is possible to consider these elements as limiting factors in understanding the reference material and making correct citations by the students. Therefore, we suggest as supplementary instructional strategies a deeper attention to the difficulty level of the text, the introduction of devices to understand better the content of the reference material and an integrated practice of the paraphrasing skill.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.569-576
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• 1997

Coating materials for Evaporative Pattern Casting (EPC) process have been developed to investigate the effect of refractories on coating material properties. Three types of developed and one foreign coating materials were used. The former designated as A, B, C and the latter named S.K. The refractory of coating material A is spherical shape of zirconia, and the ones of B, C and S.K. is flake shape of mica. Strength, permeability at room and elevated temperature, anti-sand attachability and carbon residuary were evaluated at each coating materials. Permeability measurement device for elevated temperature was also designed. The zirconia type of coating material had excellent permeability, on the other hand the mica type had good strength and anti-sand attachability. It was found that the refractories were not broken during casting, so permeability indicated same trend at both room and elevated temperature. Based on results, coating material contained small size of mica which is designated as B has the best combination for cast iron.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제74권5호
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• pp.231-234
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• 2013

Aspergillus causes a variety of clinical syndromes in the lung including tracheobronchial aspergillosis, invasive aspergillosis, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and aspergilloma. Aspergilloma usually results from ingrowths of colonized Aspergillus in damaged bronchial tree, pulmonary cyst or cavities of patients with underlying lung diseases. There are a few reports on endobronchial aspergilloma without underlying pulmonary lesion. We have experienced a case of endobronchial aspergilloma associated with foreign body developed in an immunocompetent patient without underlying lung diseases. A 59-year-old man is being hospitalized with recurring hemoptysis for 5 months. X-ray and computed tomography scans of chest showed a nodular opacity in superior segment of left lower lobe. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed an irregular, mass-like, brownish material which totally obstructed the sub-segmental bronchus and a foreign body in superior segmental bronchus of the lower left lobe. Histopathologic examinations of biopsy specimen revealed fungal hyphae, characteristic of Aspergillus species.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.405-420
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify the differences between clothing size satisfaction and clothing sizing systems of Korean and foreign SPA (specialty retailer of private label apparel) brands according to height group, and provide foundation material that can be used to establish product strategy from the perspective of Korean SPA brand clothing sizes in order to secure competitiveness in the international market. Satisfaction of tall women in their twenties with the clothing sizes of SPA brands was researched, and t-test was conducted to examine differences between clothing size satisfaction of Korean and foreign SPA brands between the two height groups. Then, differences in the size minimum and maximum values, size ranges, size intervals and size numbers between clothing sizing systems of Korean and foreign SPA brands were researched and comparatively analyzed. Existing clothing sizes need to make improvements considering the lengths and shoulder width of tall consumers. And Korean SPA brands need to diversify the range and number of sizes in the clothing sizing system, and set a separate tall-size group, or apply the relationship between vertical and horizontal sizes of clothing to establish a clothing sizing system. A product strategy that applies the results of this study will solve the clothing size dissatisfaction of tall female consumers and stimulate sales of Korean SPA brand clothing products. The study has value in that it extracted realistic problems by researching clothing sizing systems of products that are actually sold.