• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.647-657
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• 2016

This study investigated domestic and foreign cycle wear sizing systems for the domestic market and provided basic data for development of a high functional cycle wear with excellent fitness qualities. Each brand was found to have different dimension items and different sizes as well as size deviation and range according to each item. Therefore, a size selected by referring to the dimension items would be expected to have confusion when selecting a size. Domestic brands are able to selects sizes relatively easily because they suggest sizes mainly by height and weight (which are a universal size). However, the development of a sizing system for domestic cycle wear brands is needed because each brand have different sizes according to its dimension items. Foreign brands are also different from domestic brands in size marking items and sizes according to items. Therefore, the establishment of a sizing system standard for foreign brands is necessary because there could be a problem with fitness in the same sizes selected for domestic brands. Cycle wear is also able to cover various body types due to the elasticity of its material; however, and evaluation of fitness and a follow-up study will be necessary to develop cycle wear with a fitness that is proper for a Korean body type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.47
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• pp.101-112
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• 1999

This study examined 1) retail buyer's reasons for buying imported apparel and brand license business and 2) types of information sources which they searched for the businesses 3) types of product/vendor selective criteria Seventy subjects of one hundred samples responded. They were designers merchandisers of apparel companies and buyers of department stores. The results of empirical studies were summarized as follows: 1) Buyers & merchandisers recognized domestic market responses as the most important information source for selecting foreign brand. The critical problem of buying and brand license was deficiency of professionals in fashion retail 2) Buyers & merchandisers primarily recognized brand identity and exclusive style of the product when selecting puoduct or vendor. 3) Buyers & merchandisers primarily recognized return policy and good delivery of the vendor when selecting vendor 4). There were relationships among incormation sources selective criteria of product/vendor and buyer's characteristics.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2008

Rapid change of the era has caused change to consumption. New concept of consumer means not consumer who is simply provided a product, but a consumer who lays emphasis on value. That is to say, it indicates a consumer who values both on service and information as well as a product itself when they purchase. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the changes of POPs and objets at domestic and foreign fashion lingerie shops in different periods, and to encourage the effective introduction of POPs and objets for display at fashion lingerie shops in the future. I have used 100 pictures of 6 domestic brands and 80 of 6 foreign brands to analyze, and the periods were divided into 2000-2003, 2004-2007, and after 2008. The result of analyzing is as follows. First, give much information and great satisfaction to customers through the various types of POP, which convey the image and the concept of the products. If current POP was used only for sales, there ! should be various kinds and types of POPs to present not only basic information of products but also the value beyond it. Second, advance the products value by the presentation of diverse object. Furniture, fixtures, Lighting, Gift Box, Poster and mannequins should be used not to show simple props and presentation of product in the past, but to show brand images and Design concept of products.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.175-192
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide the characteristics and development direction of K-fashion and to systematize the strategic features performed by government agencies, fashion associations, fashion companies, and other companies to activate K-fashion. This research analyzed K-fashion related articles published in major newspapers and magazines in Korea from the late 1990s to early 2017. The results of the study are as follows. 1. The characteristics of K-fashion are as follows: The first is a trendy and sophisticated design with modern sensibilities, unique designs that reinterpret the latest trends with designer creativity, practical and popular designs that ordinary people can wear comfortably in everyday life. The second is functional and trendy materials. The third is excellent sewing technology. The fourth is rapid turnover of products by quick connections among planning, production and sales. The fifth is a lower price than quality. 2. The direction for K-fashion to pursue was the continuous and ongoing development of the above characteristics and the creation of a 'design with the Korean emotion of its 5,000 year history'. 3. The following projects were carried out to promote K-fashion. 1) Utilization of K-pop, K-drama and other Korean wave content. (1) Holding a fashion concert event that combines Idol's K-Pop performances with fashion shows. (2) Hallyu (Korean wave) star's costume support and design collaboration with Hallyu stars. (3) Collaboration between entertainment companies and fashion companies. 2) Nurturing a global fashion branding project. 3) Business support for overseas expansion of the K-fashion brand. (1) Support project for foreign trade fair participation. (2) Holding a fashion brand fair in Korea. (3) Overseas business support by establishing a showroom and design center 4) Business to discover and nurture new designers

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.5 s.164
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• pp.777-787
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to consider various characteristics in the graffiti-look in the modem fashion by interpreting meanings and properties of graffiti, transferred from street art to a new main stream in art. The scope of this study is limited to works from the 1990s to the present, and the materials for the literatures and exploratory study are fashion-related portfolios and the domestic and foreign fashion magazines. The first characteristic is satire. The graffiti-look conveys directly or indirectly with phrase or symbol various messages of politics, social ideology, wealth and poverty, environmental pollution, anti-war, etc. Body is even more used for graffitiand designers express freely their identity or ideology through the formative style of graffiti. The second characteristic is pleasure. Fantastic expressions from a fairy-tale or fable in the graffiti-look give humor meaning freedom and sense of liberation in a sense of catharsis to the modem people's emotion. The graffiti-look uses graffiti works to introduce its original message of humanism, happiness, humor, etc. to clothing; as a result, the graffiti-look features pleasure. The third characteristic iscommercial application. Brand logo designed by graffiti style is decorated with clothing, accessory, or ornament. This may not only emphasize brand name through lingual function of graffiti, but also be used for a distinctive marketing strategy against other brands. Logo which is regarded motive or pattern of design leaves a image instead of a meaning and performs a design function stressing formative sense.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.438-449
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• 2016

Domestic and foreign tourism authorities show that the most favorite tourist activity is shopping. Tourism income in Korea set a record in 2014 due to a large influx of Chinese tourists. Dongdaemun fashion market was selected as the most preferred destination for Chinese tourists shopping in Korea. This study examines the effect of store attributes on customer equity at Dongdaemun shopping malls. This study adopted a survey; subsequently, 637 questionnaires were used in the final analysis. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 18.0 statistics program. The main findings of this study are as follows. Among the three store attributes of Dongdaemun shopping malls, service and environment attributes appeared to influence the three drivers of consumer equity. In addition, value equity was identified to provide a positive impact on Customer Lifetime Value (CLV), brand equity, and relationship equity were identified as having a positive impact on revisit intention. Second, the relationships between the variables were significantly different in two types of the Dongdaemun fashion shopping mall (Doota vs Lotte Fitin). In addition, this study offers a valuable implication for brand marketers to maintain and develop customer equity in Dongdaemun fashion markets.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.207-220
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• 2017

Today, the fashion industries, which are appearing in the world, can satisfy their economic needs, as well as provide and distribute their products in order to introduce sustainable methods and avoid becoming a bad influence on future generations. Recently, SPA brands have contributed to the sustainable development of society with different kinds of products, such as organic, recycled and environmental products. For this research, among different SPA brands, we chose H&M as the most representative one. Using Russian and Korean consumers as examples, we analyzed how sustainable activities affect a consumer's ethical consciousness, brand loyalty and purchase intention. The results of this study show that firstly, all sustainable activities have positive effects on the ethical consciousness of Russian and, in particular, Korean consumers. Secondly, ethical consciousness has a positive effect on brand loyalty, which, in turn, has a positive effect on purchase intention. Consequently, by adding to the existing sustainable and cultural activities, we can propose new perspectives for future research on sustainability. Due to the effect on a consumer's ethical consciousness, future research might consider ethical consciousness as the main factor. By focusing on H&M as a representative of SPA brands with Russian and Korean consumers as target audiences, we can advise global SPA brands on the direction of their sustainable activities and exporting of their products to foreign markets.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 2015

Heavy metal ingredients of eyeliner product could cause side effect ranging from simple irritation, keratitis, corneal epithelium inflammation, eyelid dermatitis and dry eye symptoms have been reported. This study was conducted in order to prepare fundamental data for acceptable quality level heavy metal ingredients in the domestic and foreign cosmetic brand eyeliner products and to assess theirs the heavy metal concentrations. We measured the concentration of 5 heavy metals in 10 eyeliner products using ICP/MS-LC. According to the results, the average metal concentrations were as follows.; In case of domestic eyeliner products, 289.4 ppm for aluminium(Al), 304 ppm for manganese(Mn), 44 ppm for nickel(Ni), 0.58 ppm for arsenic(As) and 0.35 ppm for lead(Pb). In case of Foreign eyeliner products, 11337.8 ppm for aluminium(Al), 1678.8 ppm for manganese(Mn), 74.2 ppm for nickel(Ni), 1 ppm for arsenic(As) and 0.8 ppm for lead(Pb). Foreign products contained higher amounts of the two elements(Pb, As) compared to domestic ones. Also, greater concentrations of arsenic(As) were detected from waterproof products than non-waterproof ones. In conclusion, for safety reasons we suggested the amounts of heavy metals from the domestic and foreign eyeliner products. This finding will be helpful to provide the fundamental data which is standard of toxicological heavy metals acceptable on eyeliner products.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.91-103
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• 2016

The product name is the main factor in working out the marketing strategies, because it offers the information of the products, and reflects functions, materials, expectable effect, and the trends of the cosmetics. The purpose of this study is to analyze the type of language, the number of syllabus, and the composition method of the product names for the domestic cosmetics brands. It analyzes 120 products of skins and lotions from 10 brands of the Amore-Pacific. The results of the study are as follows; Firstly, foreign words and languages are mostly used in the product names, and the mixed words are used more than the korean and the chinese characters. Secondly, 7-15 syllabus is the most widely used number for the brand names. It is rare to use only one word for the brand name and it is general to use the combination of relative words that describes the product well. Thirdly, it is found to be common to have 'product line + product type' for the composition method. This kind of composition method uses the words that indicates skin troubles.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.39-53
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• 2012

Purpose - This study identifies relationships amongst repurchase intentions, brand equity, and preference by applying VMD of fashion retail stores. The results would help coffee shop owners and coffee makers in devising an appropriate strategy for successfully managing coffee shops. Research design, data, methodology - The VMD model of a coffee shop includes harmony, trend, and attractiveness, while brand equity encompasses brand awareness, perceived quality, and brand image. In this study, the VMD factors of coffee shops, brand equity, and brand preference, are shown as independent variables, while repurchase intention is shown as the dependent variable. The study aims to ascertain the extent of the influence configuration factors of a coffee shop have on brand equity, brand preference, and repurchase intention. Regression analysis was used to verify the mediating effects of brand preference on brand equity and repurchase intention. The measurement items were already deemed as reliable and valid in the previous study, but some modifications were made for the purposes of this study. Questionnaires were distributed to 550 consumers on a national scale, and 517 consumers amongst these were finally used as a sample for analysis using the SPSS 17.0 statistical program. Results - First, amongst the VMD configuration factors of a coffee shop, trend, and attractiveness have a positive impact on brand equity (brand awareness, perceived quality, and brand image). Second, brand equity has a positive effect on brand preference. Third, brand preference has a positive effect on repurchase intention. Fourth, brand preference plays the role of a mediator in measuring the impact of brand awareness and brand image on customers' repurchase intentions. Conclusions - The theoretical implications can be summarized as follows. First, this study proposes a theoretical basis that can be adapted to the VMD configuration factors of a coffee shop by identifying the relationship between brand equity and coffee shops. This study applies the VMD factors to the coffee shops and presents a new research model by examining the relationships amongst VMD components of coffee shops: brand equity, brand preference, and repurchase intention. Second, it clearly establishes the relationship between brand equity and brand preference by identifying the mediating effects of brand preference, given that brand equity has a positive impact on repurchase intention. The practical implications are as follows. First, development of brand equity and management can be important components for coffee shops in determining that the VMD configuration factors of coffee shops have an impact on brand equity. Second, amongst the VMD configuration factors, attractiveness and trend have a positive influence on choosing coffee shops, therefore store atmosphere should be attractively designed, while the menu and interiors should complement each other and be reviewed periodically to conform to the latest trend. Third, VMD configuration factors that are confirmed are not easily changed. Fourth, large franchises and foreign companies have strengths in scale, locations, and brand. Fifth, the different ways of campaigning should be compared to those of large franchises and foreign companies in order to increase brand equity using VMD configuration factors.