• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2018

Meningioma originates from arachnoid cap cells and is the second most common intracranial tumor; however, it can also be found in an extracranial location. A very rare primary extracranial meningioma without the presence of an intracranial component has also been reported. Primary extracranial meningiomas have been found in the skin, scalp, middle ear, and nasal cavity. A computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan is necessary to determine the presence or absence of an intracranial meningioma, and a biopsy is essential for diagnosis. We report a case of primary extracranial meningioma located in the forehead skin of a 51-year-old male.

• 대한화상학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.60-63
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• 2021

In the face, the nose plays an important role in both function and appearance. Among the subunits on the nose, the alar is a critical nasal structure of high aesthetic value. Previously, many surgeons have insisted that structural support should be added to the reconstruction of alar and particularly so in the case of a full-thickness defect. In a 58-year-old male patient who had a third-degree burn injury and full-thickness defect in most of the left nasal alar, forehead flap surgery alone was successfully performed without structural support.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.820-825
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• 2005

목 적 : 감염과 질병상태의 유용한 인자인 열의 존재와 정도를 좀더 손쉽고 정확하게 확인하기 위해, 고막체온계 및 이마체온계의 정확성과 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2004년 1월 1일부터 12월 31일 까지 중앙대학교 부속 병원에 입원하여 치료받았던 환아 중 무작위로 1,050명을 선출하여 대상으로 하였으며, 수은 체온계, 고막 체온계(BRAUN IRT $3020^{(R)}$) 및 이마 체온계(HubDIC $DOTORY^{(R)}$)로 동시에 체온을 측정하였고 이를 비교, 분석하여 상관관계를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 고막 체온계와 이마 체온계의 측정치는 각각 표준 검사인 수은 체온계의 측정치와 유의한 상관관계 및 상호 교환성을 가졌으며, 양측 고막 간, 그리고 고막 체온계와 이마 체온계 사이에서도 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 발열에 대한 고막 체온계의 민감도는 오른쪽과 왼쪽에서 각각 81.1%, 82.4%였고, 양성 예측률은 각각 81.8%, 73.6%였다. 이마 체온계의 민감도는 83.3%였으며, 양성 예측률은 74.4%였다. 결 론 : 고막 체온계(BRAUN IRT $3020^{(R)}$) 및 이마형 체온계(HubDIC $DOTORY^{(R)}$)가 액와형 수은체온계와 통계적으로 유의한 상관성 및 일치성을 보이며(P<0.05), 또한 발열에 대한 민감도 및 양성 예측률이 매우 높아 일상의 가정에서나 병원에서 진료목적으로, 연구 목적으로 체온 측정하는 데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.959-967
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• 2005

The color of apparels has the interaction of the face skin colors of the wearers. This study was carried out to classify the face skin colors of Korean males into several similar face skin colors in order to extract favorable colors which flatter to their face skin colors. The criterion that select the new subjects who have the classified face skin colors have to be decided. With color spectrometer, JX-777, face skin colors of subjects were measured quantitatively and classified into three clusters that had similar hue, value and chroma with Munsell Color System. Sample size was 418 Korean males and other 15 of new males subjects. Data were analyzed by K-means cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan multiple range test, Stepwise discriminant analysis using SPSS Win. 12. Findings were as follows: 1. 418 subjects who have YR colors were clustered into 3 kinds of face skin color groups. 2. Discriminant variables of face skin colors was 4 variables : L value of forehead, v value of cheek, c value of forehead, and b value of cheek from standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient 1 and c value of forehead, L value of forehead, b value of cheek. and L value of cheek from standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient 2. 3. Hit ratio of type 1 was $92.3\%$, of type 2 was $96.5\%$ and of type 3 was $92.6\%$ by the canonical discriminant function of 4 variables. 4. The canonical discriminant function equation 1 and 2 were calculated with the unstandardized canonical discriminant function coefficient and constant, the cutting score, and range of the score were computed. 5. The criterion that select the new subjects who have the classified face skin colors was decided.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.192-202
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• 2003

The wrinkles correspond to the most obvious expression of skin ageing and are manifested by changes on the organization and dermal structure. In the extracellular matrix, decreased quantities of collagens and glycosaminoglycans as well as a deterioration of the fibrillary network is noted, result in a reduction of dermal thickness. In addition, the activity of the collagenases increases in contrast to the synthesis of collagen fibers. Nor are cells spared during the aging process. We thus studied and compared the contractile capacity as well as the synthesis capacity of normal human fibroblasts and human fibroblasts obtained from biopsies of forehead wrinkles. The capacity of the fibroblasts to be adhered to the collagen network and to maintain a three-dimensional structure of dermis was studied on a model of equivalent dermis. The metabolic activity was studied by evaluating the capacities of synthesis of collagen I, main component of dermis. Human fibroblasts resulting from the forehead wrinkle contract less the gel of collagen than the normal human fibroblasts and present an activity of biosynthesis of collagen I less important than normal human fibroblasts. These results show that fibroblasts with aging present a deceleration of their metabolic activity and lose their capacity of adhesion to collagen fibers thus limiting the possibility of organizing the dermal tissue. We investigated the potential of an active ingredient able to compensate for the reduction of the metabolic activity and to restore the contractile capacity of fibroblasts obtained from forehead wrinkles. This effect was compared with a reference molecule: the vitamin C.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.748-753
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• 2013

Background Nasal reconstruction is one of the most difficult challenges for the head and neck surgeon, especially in the case of complex full thickness defects following malignant skin tumor resection. Full-thickness defects require demanding multi-step reconstruction. Methods Seven patients underwent surgical reconstruction of full-thickness nasal defects with a bi-pedicled forehead flap shaped appropriately to the defect. Patients were aged between 58 and 86 years, with a mean age of 63.4 years. All of the tumors were excised using traditional surgery, and in 4 of the patients, reconstruction was performed simultaneously following negativity of fresh frozen sections of the margins under general anesthesia. Results Nasal reconstruction was well accepted by all of the patients suffering non-melanoma skin tumors with acceptable cosmetic outcomes. The heart-shaped forehead flap was harvested in cases of subtotal involvement of the nasal pyramid, while smaller defects were reconstructed with a wing-shaped flap. No cartilaginous or osseous support was necessary. Conclusions This bi-pedicled forehead flap was a valid, versatile, and easy-to-implement alternative to microsurgery or multi-step reconstruction. The flap is the best indication for full-thickness nasal defects but can also be indicated for other complex facial defects in the orbital (exenteratio orbitae), zygomatic, and cheek area, for which the availability of a flap equipped with two thick and hairless lobes can be a valuable resource.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increased running speed on the magnitude of impact shock attenuation in high frequency (9~20 Hz) at support phase on the treadmill running. Method: Twenty-four healthy male heel-toe runners participated in this study. Average age, height, mass, and preference running speed were 23.43±3.78 years, 176.44±3.38 cm, 71.05±9.04 kg, and 3.0±0.5 m/s, respectively. Three triaxial accelerometer (Noraxon, USA) were mounted to the tuberosity of tibia, PSIS (postero-superior iliac spine), and forehead to collect acceleration signals, respectively. Accelerations were collected for 20 strides at 1,000 Hz during treadmill (Bertec, USA) running at speed of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 m/s. Power Spectrum Density (PSD) of three acceleration signals was calculated to use in transfer function describing the gain and attenuation of impact shock between the tibia and PSIS, and forehead. One-way ANOVA were performed to compare magnitude of shock attenuation between and within running speeds. The alpha level for all statistical tests was .05. Results: No significant differences resulted for magnitude of the vertical and resultant impact shock attenuation between the tibia and PSIS, and forehead between running speeds. However, significant differences within running speed were found in magnitude of the vertical shock attenuation between tibia and PSIS, tibia and forehead at speed of 2.5, 3.0 m/s, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, it might be conjectured that muscles covering the knee and ankle joints and shoe's heel pad need to strengthen to keep the lower extremities from injuries by impact shock at relatively fast running speed that faster than preferred running speed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.489-492
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• 2009

Purpose: Autologous fat injection is ideal for patients who wish to add contour, projection and gross volumization of the aging, atrophic face and is claimed to be a safe procedure. However, there are several case reports in the literature where patients have suffered from acute visual loss and cerebral infarction after facial fat injection. This paper will explore a rare case of vessel related complication, an arteriovenous fistula that occurs after fat injection on forehead. Method: A 28 - year - old female who showed a non - tender, soft $1.0{\times}2.5cm$ sized mass on forehead for 3 weeks. A thrill could be detected on the totuous dilatated vessel - like structure around the mass. She had a fat injection on forehead for soft tissue augmentation 3 months prior to developing the mass. 3 - dimensional brain CT angiography showed arteriovenous fistula. Results: The fistula is totally excised with ligation of feeding vessels. Pathology report showed an atypical vessel which had intimal thickening, myxoid degeneration and thrombus formation. There were no evidences of recurrence at least for 2 months of follow - up. Conclusion: An occurrence of arteriovenous fistula after autologous fat injection is very rare. After perforation of artery and vein by coincidence, blood extravasates with the formation of a hematoma capsule and a pseudocapsule around it. The hematoma capsule would expand and clot would reabsorb resulting in a cavity leading to fistula formation. Other vessel related complications like acute visual loss or cerebral infarction are very severe. Therefore, surgeons should be cautious during facial fat injection to avoid vessel injuries.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.279-283
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• 2005

일부 도시 중년여성을 대상으로 안면부위별 피부상태를 파악하고자 비침습적 측정방법을 이용하여 유 수분, 멜라닌 홍반 정도를 관찰하였고, 주관적으로 자각하는 유 수분 유형을 조사하여 객관적 측정값들과의 관련성을 보고자 하였다. 안면부위별 측정 결과, 수분량은 눈가>이마>볼, 유분량은 이마>눈가>볼 부위 순이었으며, 홍반지수는 이마>볼>눈가, 멜라닌지수는 눈가>이마>볼 부위 순이었다. 객관적 유분 측정값과 주관적으로 자각하는 유분유형은 일치성을 나타내었다. 유분량 홍반지수, 멜라닌지수의 각 측정값들은 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.46-49
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• 2012

Purpose: The forehead flap is the workhorse in nasal reconstruction, which provides a similar skin color, texture, structure, and reliability. There are some disadvantages, including donor site morbidities, 2- or 3-stage operations, and postoperative management after initial flap transfer. Furthermore, there has been little attention to the exposed raw surface wound, after the first stage of an operation. This article describes the authors' modification to overcome this problem, using artificial collagen membrane. Methods: An Artificial collagen membrane is composed of an outer silicone membrane and an inner collagen layer. After a forehead flap elevation, the expected raw surface was covered by an artificial collagen membrane with 5-0 nylon suture. A simple dressing, which had been applied to the site, was changed every 2 or 3 days in an outpatient unit. At 3 weeks postprocedure, a second stage operation was performed. Results: With biosynthetic protection of the raw surface, there were no wound problems, such as infection or flap loss. Thus, the patient was satisfied due to an effortless management of the wound and a reduction in pain. Conclusion: The application of an artificial collagen membrane to the raw under-surface of the flap could be a comfortable and a protective choice for this procedure.