• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.167-173
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• 2024

In this paper, we propse a quantitative research by investigating the subcutaneous tissue elasticity by using ultrasonography in lymphedema patients after breast cancer surgery. Lymphedema patients who took breast cancer operation were included. Thickness of subcutaneous tissue was assessed at two spots; 10cm below elbow (forearm) and 10cm above elbow (upper arm), not only in affected side but also in sound side. By using probe attached to real-time pressure sensor, stress-strain curves were obtained. We defined tissue elasticity as slope of that curve at range of 7.5~15% of strain to avoid toe region. By comparing the elasticity of normal side and that of affected side, lymphedema tissues were classified into 'softer' and 'harder' tissues. Overall 30 cases of lymphedema tissues and 30 cases of sound tissues were checked. The difference of the elasticity between normal and affected side ranged from -3.98 N/m² to 1.40 N/m². The lymphedema tissues were classified into 17 softer tissues and 13 harder tissues. No demographic and clinical values, including clinical stage of lymphedema, showed statistically meaningful differences between two groups. Evaluation of subcutaneous tissue elasticity with ultrasonography and real-time pressure sensor could be one of the useful tools for investigation of lymphedema tissue characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the work postures and upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders(CTDs) in female medical insurance bill reviewers(n=448). This study included diagnosis for CTDs, anthropometry and job analysis (workstations and posture). The characteristics of subject were 33.6 years of average age and 8.7 years of average work duration. The results were as fallows. Ergonomic conditions of workstation were unsuitable compared with anthropometry result. The height of work surface(79.5 cm) and chair(43.0 cm)were high. work space was small, and legs space under the table was limited. Work postures were awkward compared with recommended neutral postures. Neck flexion($21.0-36.0^{\circ}$), elbow elevation, shoulder abduction ($46.0-47.0^{\circ}$). wrist radial and ulnar deviation, forearm supination and pronation, and wrist repeated motion(12.7-21.5 freq./min) were analyzed as hazardous risk factors by job analysis. The prevalence of CTDs was 32.8 % by medical diagnosis. The prevalence rate of CTDs in hazardous work posture group was significantly greater than safe work posture group both neck-shoulder (relative prevalence = 5.2, p<0.001) and wrist-hand (relative prevalence = 2.5, p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine differences between players who bend the left elbow and those who stretch it during the forward swing from BST to BC in a 2-handed backhand stroke among outstanding high school tennis players, and to assess the detailed 3D rotational kinematic characteristics of the shoulder and the hip. Statistically significant differences were observed between groups in the longitudinal axis rotation angle of the shoulder and the angle between the shoulder and the arm at BST, and in the side to side movement of the shoulder, the up and down movement of the hip, the side tilt angular velocity of the shoulder, the side tilt angular velocity of the hip, and the front tilt angular velocity of the hip at BC. The difference in the longitudinal axis rotation angle of the shoulder between the 2 groups suggests a difference in the flexibility of the joint in the shoulder arm racquet system. The longitudinal axis rotation angular velocity of the shoulder reached its peak at 75 % of the duration of the analyzed segment and then decreased little by little until BC. This time is considered the stage for increasing the angular velocity of the upper arm, the forearm, the hand and then the racquet, which are more distal segments than the shoulder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.416-426
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• 2019

This study measured and analyzed male firefighters hand sizes as well as suggested data for developing firefighting gloves with a good fit. Accordingly, body dimensions related to the hand were measured for 100 male firefighters. Twenty-three measuring items related to the hand and lower arm were selected. The firefighters' measurement data were compared to general adult male measurements from the 6th Korean Anthropometric data to analyze the hand sizes characteristics of firefighters. As a result, height, hand circumference, hand breadth, wrist circumference, elbow-wrist length, forearm-fingertip length and firefighter weight were significantly larger than adult males. A correlation analysis for 23 items was conducted to select items used as standards for setting a size when manufacturing firefighting gloves. Hand length and circumference were selected as representative hand parts for making firefighting gloves. Cross analysis between hand length and circumference were conducted to find the section showing the highest distribution ratio. As a result, the highest sections were between 19cm and 21cm for hand circumference and between 18.5cm and 19.5cm for hand length, which may be suggested as the most important ranges.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.221-231
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences in service patterns of a forward and backward soft tennis players using 3D motion analyzer. Subjects were 4 forward players of $24.0\pm5.23$yrs and 4 backward players of $23.5\pm1.73$yrs. The results were as following: 1. There was no difference among each positions on swinging-time. The longest racket swinging-time was in the phase of takeback, the second one was in follow-through. The shortest one was in the phase of forward-swing so called force production phase, which had an influence on ball's velocity. 2. The racket speed on impact was 16.3m/s in forward subject and 19.53m/s in backward subject, when each velocity of balls was 44.6m/s, 52.9m/s. Although there was no significant difference along by positions, backward subject showed faster result. 3. The maximum speed of each performance was reached before the impact, and the speed at impact along by positions did not show any significant difference. The summation of velocity was measured in good order as following; hip, shoulder, elbow, wrist, top of racket. 4. In the angular velocity of all examine except one, the angular velocity of forearm was bigger than the one of racket top although there was no statistically significant difference between forward and backward subject. 5. The service grip of the forward players was shorter than that of backward players.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-69
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study is to suggest new terminology for the ninety-five hand techniques based on the significance of their angular momentum, determined by analyzing each technique's influence or impact on the compartmentalized angular momentum of the trunk, upper arm, and forearm in the Taekwondo Poomsae. Method: An athlete who won the 2014 World Taekwondo Poomsae championship was selected and agreed to participate in the data collection phase of our investigation. The video data was collected using eight infrared cameras (Oqus 300, Qualysis, Sweden) and the Qualisys Track Manager software (Qualisys, Sweden). The angular momentum of each movement was then calculated using the Matlab R2009a software (The Mathworks, Inc., USA). Results: The classification of the ninety-five hand techniques in the Taekwondo Poomsae based on the significance of each segment's momentum is as follows. Makgi (blocking) is classified into fourteen categories, jireugi (punching) is classified into three categories, chigi (hitting) was classified into six categories, palgupchigi (elbow hitting) was classified into four categories, and jjireugi (thrusting) was classified two categories. Conclusion: This study offers a new approach, based on a biomechanical method, to the classification of the hand techniques that reflect kinesthetic motions in the Taekwondo Poomsae.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2009

Purpose : N.A.P.(Neuromuscular Skeletal Plasticity) an integrative neuro-orthopedic concept to facilitate motor strategies in daily life. The primary thesis is, that treatment of body functions and structural impairments should be integrated within goal-oriented activities. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the functional activity itself, determines the structure. Material and Methods : A case report of a dentist with brachial plexus lesion after a motor vehicle accident is presented. The necessity for training body functions within relevant tasks is undermined by references which emphasize the importance of training realistic activities to enhance long-term changes in neural representation. Results : The treatment methods presented in this case show significant effects for the patient's ability to participate in his profession within less than a year's time after his motor vehicle accident. Conclusions : Current evidence supports the treatment methods of this concept. The inability to flex his elbow and supinate his forearm placed a considerable doubt to his ability to ever be able to participate in his profession again. Structural reorganization is possible and depends on functional demands, which need to be trained task-specifically. Single case reports may serve as the basis for further randomized controlled studies to support the efficacy of the treatment methods within the N.A.P. concept.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.31-41
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• 2004

Background : The cun measurement system, an essential and convenient method in locating acupoints, has been widely used in the practice of acupuncture. However, traditional cun measurement has been criticized for its lack of reliability. Objectives : The purposes of this study are to determine if one cun measured by the directional methods have a consistency with that of proportional methods and to investigate which factors are related with these differences, especially in forearm. Methods : The distance between the elbow crease and the wrist crease of forearm was compared to a reference value of one cun obtained by the directional method. In this method, one cun is one third of the distance between index finger and small finger of a subject, measured at proximal interphalangeal joint. In addition, to investigate the factors influencing the differences between these two methods, we measured the height and body weight and calculated body mass index (BMI). Finally we analyzed the factors correlated with these lengths by linear regression test. Results : The results showed that one cun obtained by the directional methods were significantly different from one cun by the proportional methods in forearm. It was demonstrated that the length acquired with the directional method was more correlated with body weight and body mass index, while the length obtained by the proportional method was more correlated with the height. Conclusion : These findings suggest that the directional method is less likely dependable in locating acupoints than the proportional method because the influencing factors are different.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.169-183
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• 2003

According to our recent investigation that the increase in the occlusal vertical dimension made the appendage muscle strength got higher, the occlusal appliances were made by increasing the occlusal vertical dimension "from the centric relation" position of the mandible. In this experiment, the authors tried to study the change in the appendage muscle strength due to increase in occlusal vertical dimension from intercuspal position(ICP) of mandible with the same subjects and manner as the former experiment. For this study, ten male athletes in a mean age of 23 year who were joined the former study were selected. All the subjects had a complete or almost complete set of natural teeth and reported no subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. Upper and lower casts were mounted on the semi-adjustable articulator at the intercuspal position and a point was marked on the attached gingival area between the right canine and the right 1st. premolar in each upper and lower cast. From the points, the occlusal vertical dimension was increased by 2mm, 3.5mm and 5mm, and then each 10 maxillary type occlusal splint at each 3-increased position were fabricated with heat curing clear acrylic resin. Including the intercuspal position, the 3 kinds of occlusal splints were placed on the subjects individually, and then isokinetic muscle strength on 7 parts of the human appendage which are shoulder, knee, ankle, wrist, forearm, elbow and hip was measured with the CYBEX 6000 SYSTEM (Lumex, NewYork, USA). The results were as follows: The highest mean value in muscular strength was shown at the position of 2mm-increased vertical dimension. The muscle strength during internal/external rotation of shoulder and knee, plantarflexion of ankle, flexion of elbow, and flexion and extension of hip at the increased occlusal vertical dimension position were significantly higher than them at the intercuspal position (p<0.05). Only in view of the increase in the appendage muscle strength, regardless of the way of making the occlusal splints by elevating the occlusal vertical dimension from the centric relation position or intercuspal position, the occlusal splints had an effect on the increase of isokinetic muscle strength at the occlusal vertical dimension which increased within the proper range on the habitual arc of closure.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this paper is to figure out the effects of the Powerball exercise on grip strength, tip pinch and key pinch. Methods : Twenty subjects participated in this experiment. Spin right wrist counterclockwise for five minutes holding Powerball after making main joint of right hand -predominant hand- into elbow flexion and forearm pronation. Results : 1. Before and after Powerball exercise, when we compared the grip strength of men and women, there was a significant difference. 2. Before and after Powerball exercise, when we compared tip pinch of men and women, there was a significant difference. 3. Before and after Powerball exercise, when we compared key pinch of men and women, there was a significant difference. 4. Before and after Powerball exercise, there was no significant difference between men and women. Conclusion : From what using Powerball exercise influenced grip strength, tip pinch and key pinch positively, we assume that it will be considered a great expectation to improve grip strength, tip pinch and key pinch in the future and it would be better to conduct this experiment in depth to a lot of people.