• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.18-32
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• 2013

목 적: 본 연구에서는 부인과의 흔한 질환인 갱년기 우울증의 모델로 반복적인 스트레스를 가한 난소적출 흰쥐를 설정하고 교감단이 쥐의 항우울 행동과 면역기능에 미치는 영향을 살표보고자 하였다. 방 법: 난소적출 흰쥐에 2주간 반복적인 스트레스를 주고, 교감단(100 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg)을 경구 투여한 후 행동검사로 Elevated plus maze, Forced swimming test를 실시하였고, 혈액검사로 혈청 corticosterone, IL-$1{\beta}$와 IL-4의 변화를 측정하였으며, 뇌내의 IL-$1{\beta}$와 IL-4의 변화를 측정하였다. 결 과: 1. Elevated plus maze에서 교감단 100 mg/kg 투여군은 open arms에서의 보낸시간이 대조군에 비해서 차이가 없었으며, 교감단 400 mg/kg 투여군은 open arms에서 보낸 시간이 대조군에 비하여 증가되었으나 유의성은 없었다. 2. Elevated plus maze에서 교감단 100 mg/kg 투여군은 crossing 횟수가 대조군에 비하여 차이가 없었으며, 교감단 400 mg/kg 투여군은 crossing 횟수가 대조군에 비하여 늘어났으나 유의성은 없었다. 3. Forced swimming test에서 교감단 100 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg 투여군은 각각 대조군에 비해서 immobility 시간이 유의성 있게 감소하였다(p<0.01). 4. Corticosterone 측정에서 교감단 400 mg/kg을 투여한 후 Corticosterone 수준이 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 5. 혈청내 IL-$1{\beta}$와 IL-4 측정에서 교감단 투여군은 대조군에 비해 유의성 있는 감소나 증가가 관찰되지 않았다. 6. 뇌내 IL-$1{\beta}$와 IL-4 측정에서 교감단 투여군은 대조군에 비해 유의성 있는 감소나 증가가 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론: 이상의 결과를 보면 교감단은 난소적출 흰쥐의 우울행동의 완화에 유의성 있는 결과를 나타내었으며, 불안 행동검사에서는 유효한 효과가 없었다. 혈청 corticosterone 측정에서 유의성 있는 감소를 나타내어 항우울효과를 나타내었으나, 면역기능에 작용하는 유의성 있는 결과는 관찰되지 않았다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.93-119
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• 2016

Park Tae-hwan, the Korean Olympic gold medal swimmer, was suspended for eighteen months by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) in September 2014. Park completed his suspension in March 2016, but the Korea Olympic Committee (KOC), relying on its Article 5.6, then prohibited him from joining the national team for an additional three years for the same doping violation. The KOC's penalty exceeded that provided by the World Anti-Doping Code, which governs the Olympics and most international sports federations, and contravened well-established precedent from the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). The KOC, along with the Korea Swimming Federation, maintained the suspension until decisions by the Seoul Eastern District Court and CAS forced them to retract the penalty. We describe the sports regulations and arbitration decisions governing the Park case, how each side used the law to support their positions, the flaws in the KOC's legal analysis, and the case's resolutions by the Korean court and CAS. Finally, because this legal conflict has damaged the KOC's reputation, created uncertainty over the committee's doping penalties, and undercut the authority of the World Anti-Doping Code and the CAS in Korea, we recommend institutional changes in Korea's sports jurisprudence.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권6호통권86호
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• pp.859-866
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• 2007

본 연구는 임신횐쥐에서 운동이 혈중 인슐린과 렙틴 농도, 그리고 골격근의 GLUT-4와 VAMP-2단백질 발현에 변화를 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구에서 비임신 횐쥐에 비해 임신 횐쥐에서 혈중 인슐린 농도가 유의하게 증가되었고, 렙틴 농도는 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 임신횐쥐에게 달리기 운동을 적용한 결과 임신으로 증가된 인슐린 농도를 유의하게 감소시키면서 렙틴 농도의 감소를 억제시키는 것으로 나타났다. 골격근에서 GLUT-4와 VAMP-2 단백질 발현량을 조사한 결과 비임신 횐쥐에 비해 임신 횐쥐에서 이러한 단백질 발현이 유의하게 감소되었지만, 임신 중 달리기운동을 경험한 횐쥐에서 GLUT-4와 VAMP-2 발현 모두 유의하게 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 잘이 임신으로 인한 혈중 인슐린 및 렙틴의 변화가 골격근에서 당을 근조직으로 흡수하는 신호 전달 경로와 수송체의 발현 손상과 연관되어있음을 보여주는 것이다. 하지만 임신 횐쥐에서 달리기 운동은 인슐린과 렙틴 농도의 변화를 완화시킴으로써 골격근의GLUT-4와 VAMP-2발현을 유의하게 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hot water extract of peduncle obtained from Hovenia dulcis Thunb (HD) which is commercially developed for the protective effect on the alcoholic hepatotoxicity, on the endurance capacity for weight loaded forced swimming mice. The swimming times to exhaustion in mice fed 100 and 200 mg/kg HD for 2 weeks were prolonged 3.6 and 3.7 fold, and for 4 weeks 1.9 and 2.7 fold compared with each vehicle control ($42.8{\pm}20.5$ min and $67.7{\pm}47.8$ min, for 2 and 4 weeks), respectively. Blood biochemical parameters for ALT, AST, creatinine and BUN were not significantly different between from HD fed or control mice. Although HD fed mice swam over 2 fold longer time than vehicle control mice at 4 weeks, blood biomarkers of physical fatigue such as glucose, triglyceride and free fatty acid, lactate were not significant different and even tended to ameliorate. Hepatic lipid peroxidation and SOD activity did not significantly change in HD fed- and vehicle control exhausted swimming mice at 2 or 4 weeks. However, catalase activity in HD-fed mice was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner compared with vehicle control mice. The present study indicates that HD improved physical fatigue and exercise performance in mice. Therefore, it has a potential for the pharmacological effect of anti-fatigue.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.794-801
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the aerobic exercise type on macronutrient self-selection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a macronutrient self-selection diet for 4 weeks. For this purpose, mixed feeds were prescribed for the rats while they were forced to swim and run for 4 weeks. Animals were either swimming exercise or treadmill running exercised at 20m/min(60min/day). Cumulative daily energy and macronutrient intake were determined during this period. The running exercise group gained weight much more than the control group, while the swimming exercise group lost weight less than the control group. Such findings suggests that the former group took more feed. On the other hand, the dietary efficiency of the control group was higher, which implies that no physical exercise would result in a higher dietary efficiency. And there was significant difference of total dietary and calorie intakes among the three groups, Although insignificant in statistical means, it was found that the running group took feed most, which is attributable to the homeostasis requiring the supplementation of the calorie lost by exercise. Also, the running exercise group took the protein and carbohydrate most. while the control group took fat most. The decrease of fat intake by the running exercise group suggests the possibility that the in-body enzymes should adapt themselves to the changing in-body condition caused by the endurance exercise. In contrast, it is conceived that the more intake of the carbohydrate may be attributable to the need of supplementing the nutrient lost by the endurance exercise. As discussed above, the endurance exercise group took carbohydrate and protein and less fat than control group. In particular, it was found that the amount of feed intakes was affected much by types, intensity and duration of the exercises. All in all, such findings would apply to human beings. Now can increase the intakes of carbohydrate and decrease the intake of fat through an effective running exercise program and thereby, change our dietary patterns to the benefit of our body and simultaneously, prevent and adult\\`s diseases by decreasing the in % body fat level.(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 794-801, 2000)

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2008

The forced swim test (FST) is the most widely used model for assessing potential antidepressant activity. Although it has been shown that lateral septum is involved with the FST-related behavior, it is not clear whether antidepressant treatments could alter the FST-induced gene expression profile in the lateral septum. In the present study, the gene expression profiles in response to FST and reboxetine pretreatment were observed in the lateral septum of rats. Reboxetine is known as a most selective serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. In addition, we compared the changes in gene expression profile between reboxetine response and nonresponse groups, which were determined by counting FST-related behavior. After FST, lateral septum from controls and reboxetine pretreated group were dissected and gene expression profiles were assessed using an Affymetrix microarray system containing 15,923 genes. Various genes with different functions were changed in reboxetine response group compared with reboxetine nonresponse group, In particular, pleiotrophin, orexin receptor 2, serotonin 2A receptor, neuropeptide Y5 receptor and thyroid hormone receptor $\beta$ were decreased in reboxetine response group, but Lim motif-containing protein kinase 1 (Limk1) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) were increased. Although further studies are required for direct roles of these genes in reboxetine response, the microarray may provide tools to find out potential target genes and signaling pathways in antidepressant response.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.889-894
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• 2002

Acharan sulfate (AS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) prepared from the giant African snail, Achatina fulica. In this study, some biological activities of AS were evaluated on the basis of structural similarities to heparin/heparan sulfate and the biological functions of GAGs. We demonstrated that it exhibited strong immunostimulating activities as measured by carbon clearance test in mice and in vivo phagocytosis. It also exhibited a significant hypoglycemic activity in epinephrine (EP)-induced hyperglycemia as well as antifatigue effects by weight-loaded forced swimming test. And it showed hypolipidemic activities in cholesterol-rich mixture induced hyperlipidemia in rats. The above results indicate that AS has diverse biological activities and suggest therapeutically important target molecules.

• 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자기공명의과학회 2007년도 학술대회
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• pp.61-62
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• 2007

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.328-332
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• 2002

Cordyceps is reputed for its broad biological activities and as a tonic for replenishing vital function in Chinese traditional medicines. As an attempt to obtain fundamental data for the development of new type Cordyceps, the effects of the fruiting bodies of cultivated fungus of Paecilomyces japonica grown on silkworm larvae on fatigue and hematotoxicity were investigated. The antifatigue activity of dongchongxiacao (Paecilomyces japonica) was studied in mice using weight loaded forced swimming performance method. The water extract of dongchongxiacao(25 mg/kg of body weight, intraperitoneal injection at 12 and 36 hours before irradiation and 30 minute and 24 hours after irradiation) showed a significant antifatigue effect in normal mice and radiation-induced fatigue mice (p<0.0005). In the experiment on the improvement of hematotoxicity, a significant difference from the irradiated controls was seen at day 3 of the group treated with dongchongxiacao and substantial differences from the irradiated controls at day 7 was also detected.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2008

본 기초연구에서는 강제수영검사(forced swimming test, FST)에 의해 우울증이 유발된 쥐의 해마(hippocampus) 부위에서 뇌 대사물질(brain metabolites)중에 choline 신호의 변화를 관찰하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 우울증이 유발된 쥐에 항우울제인 desipramine-HCl을 투여하여 정상 쥐와 약물을 투여한 쥐 사이의 뇌 대사물질의 차이를 자기공명분광법(magnetic resonance spectroscopy: MRS)을 통하여 알아보는 것이다. 실험대상으로는 6주령의 SD rat을 사용하였으며 우울증을 유발시키고 항우울제의 약물평가를 위한 모델링 방법으로 강제수영검사를 시행하였다. 자기공명분광법을 시행하기 위한 localization 방법으로는 PRESS 펄스시퀀스를 사용하였다(TR: 2,500 ms, TE: 144 ms, averaging: 512, complex data point: 2048, scan time: 25 min). 정상 쥐 그룹과 우울증을 유발시킨 뒤 항우울제를 투여한 쥐 그룹 모두 양쪽 해마부위에서의 NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr 비율(ratio)은 차이가 나지 않았다. 또한 왼쪽 해마에서 정상 쥐와 항우울제를 투여한 쥐 사이에서 NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr 비율도 차이가 나지 않았고, 오른쪽 해마부위에서도 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구를 통하여 anti-immobility효과를 나타내는 항우울제를 투여함으로써 choline 신호가 정상 쥐와 비슷하게 회복되는 것을 관찰하였다. 이는 앞으로의 항우울제 약물 평가에 있어 자기공명분광법을 도입함으로써 기존의 주관적인 판단을 배제할 수 없었던 행동변화분석만으로 항우울제의 효과를 평가하는 방법에 비해 객관적이고 정량적인 분석을 할 수 있다는 점에서 아주 유용한 방법이라 사료된다.