• 소성∙가공
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2001

The mathematical set-up model was developed to reduce the mechanical property deviation in annealed and slightly rolled steel strip. The mechanical peculiarities of skin pass rolling process, such as high friction value and non-circular contact arc, low reduction and non-negligible entry and exit elastic zones as well as central restricted deformation zone are all taken into account. The deformation of work rolls is calculated with the influence function method and arbitrary contact arc shape is permitted. The strip deformation is modeled by slab method and the entry and exit elastic deformation zones are included. The strip restricted deformation zone near the neutral point is also considered. It was revealed that the new model has better accuracy than present regression model by statistical analysis with actual mill rolling data.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2003

Occupant simulation models have been used to study trends or specific design changes in several typical crash situations. The ATB, Articulated Total Body, was developed and used to predict gross human body responses to vehicle crashes and pilot ejections. Since the ATB source code is open to public, the user can add their own defined modules and functions. The introduction of seat belts into cars significantly decreased the injury risk of passengers in frontal impacts. In this paper, a new seat belt model was developed and implemented into the ATB. For this purpose, a subroutine of the new seat belt was constructed. A force-deflection function was added to replace an existing function to consider energy absorption. The function includes hysteresis effects of the experiment data of the loading and unloading parts of the seat belt load-extension curve. Moreover, this belt model considers a slip between ellipsoid and belt segments. This paper attempted to validate the ATB program which includes the subroutine of new belt models comparing with the real car frontal crash experiments and MADYMO frontal models. The analysis focusses on the human movement and body accelerations.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2013

In this paper, the flow lines as a function of product design as well as the forging process design are explored using typical application examples. The prediction of flow lines using metal forming simulation technology is introduced along with their characterization. Experimental studies have shown that the metal flow lines have a strong influence on the structural rigidity of the final product. In this study we present several typical applications. One example is the case of severely cut metal flow lines during machining, especially in the region where periodic contacting forces are applied. Another example is the case of abnormal distortion of flow lines which can cause too much elongation or hot shortness due to viscous heating in the region of distortion. A third example is the case of a macrosegregation region which needs to be controlled so it is not adjacent to the region where the force is applied in the use of the final component. An example of weight reduction for an automobile component with improved flow lines is also introduced. These typical applications can provide process engineers with the insight in designing automobile or mechanical components as well as in designing the manufacturing methods to produce various parts.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.259-271
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• 2019

It is important to obtain reasonable predictions of the extent of the damage during maritime accidents such as ship collisions and groundings. Many fracture models based on different mechanical backgrounds have been proposed and can be used to estimate the extent of damage involving ductile fracture. The goal of this study was to compare the damage extents provided by some selected fracture models. Instead of performing a new series of material constant calibration tests, the fracture test results for the ship building steel EH36 obtained by Park et al. (2019) were used which included specimens with different geometries such as central hole, pure shear, and notched tensile specimens. The test results were compared with seven ductile fracture surfaces: Johnson-Cook, Cockcroft-Latham-Oh, Bai-Wierzbicki, Modified Mohr-Coulomb, Lou-Huh, Maximum shear stress, and Hosford-Coulomb. The linear damage accumulation law was applied to consider the effect of the loading path on each fracture surface. The Swift-Voce combined constitutive model was used to accurately define the flow stress in a large strain region. The reliability of these simulations was verified by the good agreement between the axial tension force elongation relations captured from the tests and simulations without fracture assignment. The material constants corresponding to each fracture surface were calibrated using an optimization technique with the minimized object function of the residual sum of errors between the simulated and predicted stress triaxiality and load angle parameter values to fracture initiation. The reliabilities of the calibrated material constants of B-W, MMC, L-H, and HC were the best, whereas there was a high residual sum of errors in the case of the MMS, C-L-O, and J-C models. The most accurate fracture predictions for the fracture specimens were made by the B-W, MMC, L-H, and HC models.