• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.494-500
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid-carboxymethylcellulose membrane (GUARDIX-$MB^{(R)}$) barriers on prevention against post-operative peritoneal adhesions. In this study, fourteen mongrel dogs were divided into two experimental groups: 0.1 % hyaluronic acid (0.1HA) group and hyaluronic acidcarboxymethylcellulose membrane (HA-CMC) group. In order to induce adhesions, the anti-mesenteric serosa of the ileum was exteriorized and then abraded in a standard manner by scraping with a scalpel blade to create homogenous petechial hemorrhagic surface over a $1\;{\times}\;1cm$ area. Solution of 0.1HA were simply coated over the abraded tissues, $1.5\;{\times}\;1.5cm$ HA-CMC membrane was placed over the abraded tissues, allowed to spread across the intra-abdominal organs before closure of the abdomen. On day 1 before and day 1, 4, 7, 14, and 21 after operation, venous blood specimens were collected for measurement of fibrinogen and total WBC. The adhesions were blindly assessed 3 weeks later by using a computerized tensiometer. The fibrinogen and total WBC values of two groups showed no statistical significances. The mean tensile strength (gram force, gf) of formed adhesions day 21 after surgery was $88.1\;{\pm}\;55.70gf$ in the 0.1 % HA group and $24.8\;{\pm}\;22.69gf$ in the HA-CMC group. The tensile strength values of adhesion separation HA-CMC membrane group was significantly lower than the 0.1HA group (p<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that HACMC membrane reduce peritoneal adhesions may be applicable to preventing post-operative intraperitoneal adhesions in dogs.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 2013

This study was carried out to observe the effect of superheated steam combined with oven heating on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of chicken meat. Specially, chicken breasts and thighs were heated for 40 min in various heating formulations such as oven heating, superheated steam heating or a combination of two kinds of heating. In the physical properties measurement, the shear force was increased as superheated steam heating time and chicken thighs were higher than chicken breasts in all treatments (p<0.05). The highest level of water holding capacity was solely superheated steam treated chicken for 40 min (p<0.05). The $L^*$ value was decreased but $a^*$ value or $b^*$ value were increased after cooking. Chicken breast exhibited a higher colour value than chicken thigh. Superheated heating was effective to reduce heating loss as 22.64% (p<0.05). However, pH was not different depending on the heating formulation or part of the chicken meat (p>0.05). In the sensory test, the combination of 10 min oven heating and 30 min superheated steam heating was effective to create a good flavour of chicken meat. In this study, an optimum formulation was developed which was a combination of 10 min oven heating and 30 min superheated steam heating. It was more effective to improve the quality of chicken meat than the single heat treatment of chicken meat.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.639-648
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• 2017

Fracture energy values KV have been measured on cast steel, used in the container manufacture, by instrumented Charpy impact testing. This material has a large ductility on the upper transition region at $+20^{\circ}C$ and a ductile tearing with an expended plasticity before a brittle fracture on the lower transition region at $-20^{\circ}C$. To assess the fracture toughness of this material we use, the $K_{IC}$-KV correlations to measure the critical stress intensity factor $K_{IC}$ on the lower transition region and the dynamic force - displacement curves to measure the critical fracture toughness $J{\rho}_C$, the essential work of fracture ${\Gamma}_e$ on the upper transition region. It is found, using the $K_{IC}$-KV correlations, that the critical stress intensity factor $K_{IC}$ remains significant, on the lower transition region, which indicating that our testing material preserves his ductility at low temperature and it is apt to be used as a container's material. It is, also, found that the $J_{\rho}-{\rho}$ energetic criterion, used on the upper transition region, gives a good evaluation of the fracture toughness closest to those found in the literature. Finally, we show, by using the ${\Gamma}_e-K_{IC}$ relation, on the lower transition region, that the essential work of fracture is not suitable for the toughness measurement because the strong scatter of the experimental data. To complete this study by a numerical approach we used the ANSYS code to determine the critical fracture toughness $J_{ANSYS}$ on the upper transition region.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 2009

This study was conducted to assess water movement in paddy-upland rotation soil scheduled for ginseng cultivation through the measurement of infiltration and permeability of soil water. Soil sample was divided with four soil layers. The first soil layer (to 30cm from top soil) was loamy sand, the second and the third soil layers (30$\sim$70 ㎝) were sand, and the fourth (< 120 ㎝) was sandy loam. The soil below 130 ㎝ of fourth soil layer was submerged under water. The shear strength, which represents the resisting power of soil against external force, was 3.1 kPa in the first soil layer. This corresponded to 1/8 of those of another soil layer and this value could result in soil erosion by small amount of rainfall. The rates of infiltration and permeability depending on soil layers were 39.86 cm $hr^{-1}$ in top soil, 2.34 cm $hr^{-1}$ in 30$\sim$70 ㎝ soil layer, 5.23 cm $hr^{-1}$ and 0.18 cm $hr^{-1}$ in 70$\sim$120 ㎝ soil layer, with drain tile, and without drain tile, respectively. We consider that ground water pooled in paddy soil and artificial formation of soil layer could interrupt water canal within soil and affect negatively on water movement. Therefore, we suggest that to drain at 5 m intervals be preferable when it makes soil dressing or soil accumulation to cultivate ginseng in paddy-upland rotation soil to reduce failure risk of ginseng cultivation.

• Electronic Materials Letters
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.669-677
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• 2018

In this work, the high ${\kappa}$ $Zr_xAl_{1-x}O_y$ films with a different Zr concentration have been deposited by atomic layer deposition, and the effect of Zr concentrations on the structure, chemical composition, surface morphology and dielectric properties of $Zr_xAl_{1-x}O_y$ films is analyzed by Atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and capacitance-frequency measurement. The effect of Zr concentrations of $Zr_xAl_{1-x}O_y$ gate insulator on the electrical property and stability under negative bias illumination stress (NBIS) or temperature stress (TS) of ZnSnO (ZTO) TFTs is firstly investigated. Under NBIS and TS, the much better stability of ZTO TFTs with $Zr_xAl_{1-x}O_y$ film as a gate insulator is due to the suppression of oxygen vacancy in ZTO channel layer and the decreased trap states originating from the Zr atom permeation at the $ZTO/Zr_xAl_{1-x}O_y$ interface. It provides a new strategy to fabricate the low consumption and high stability ZTO TFTs for application.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.65-79
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• 1994

In the present paper, An emphasis is laid upon effects of stern bulb on hydrodynamic property and manoeuvring performance. We carried out captive model tests in circulating water channel with two ship models of which the frame lines of aft bodies are different. such as normal stern form and stern form with bulb, but of which the other parts are exactly same. The tests conducted consist of hull resistance test, effective thrust measurement, oblique tow test, and measurements of factors related to rudder force. From the results of model tests, we discussed effects of stern bulb on hull forces and on hull-propeller-rudder interactions, comparing with normal stern form. Furthermore, we also discussed effects of stern bulb on course stability. turning ability. spiral characteristics and zig-zag manoeuvre by computer simulation. As a result, it is clarified that the adoption of stern bulb makes course stability the worse and turning ability the better. The difference of the hydrodynamic derivatives of naked hull between two ship forms cause the worse course stability of the ship with stern bulb. The differences of the effective inflow velocity to rudder and hull forces induced by steered rudder cause the better turning ability of the ship with stern bulb.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.700-705
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• 2021

A portable and disposable pH sensor based on Ti wire was successfully developed for monitoring hydronium ion concentrations. A sensing electrode was prepared by electrochemically depositing iridium oxide onto a Ti wire, while a reference electrode was fabricated by coating Ag/AgCl ink on a Ti wire. Combining the two electrodes in the pH sensor enabled the collection of open circuit potential signals when the sensor was immersed in solutions of various pH values. The pH sensor exhibited excellent electrochemical sensing performance in terms of sensitivity, response time, repeatability, selectivity, and stability. To demonstrate point-of-measurement applications, the pH sensor was integrated with a wireless electronic module that could communicate with a mobile application. The portable pH sensor accurately measured pH changes in real samples. The results obtained were consistent with those of using a commercial pH meter.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2019

The driver seat of an automobile is in direct contact with the driver and provides the driver with a safe and comfortable ride. The seat consists of a frame, a rail, and many recliners. In recent years, strength and operating force measurement testing of the recliner have become vital for designing car seats. However, performance evaluation requires expensive testing equipment, numerous seat products, and considerable time. Therefore, the trend is to reduce experimentation through interpretation. This study examines the lubrication of solid lubricant for automotive seat recliners and confirms the friction and wear performance. In this study, the lubrication behavior of solid lubricants for car seat recliners is investigated to ascertain the friction and wear performance and to provide accurate values for the strength analysis. The friction material consists of a pin and a plate made from steel, which is widely used in recliners. The friction and wear under lubrication conditions are measured by a reciprocating friction wear tester. The friction coefficient is obtained according to the load and speed. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to achieve a reduction in the error of the test value and the analysis by providing the friction coefficient and wear of the lubricant. The results can be applied to the analysis of automobile seat design.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2019

This study presents an experimental investigation of the wear and oxidation of the bristles of a brush seal in a super-heated steam environment. We construct a model reflecting normal force and radial interference to predict the amount of wear. To monitor the volume loss of the bristle induced by the swirl phenomenon of the rotor, we measure the clearance between the rotor and the brush seal by using a non-contact 3-D device. We calculate the area by using the area-wise measurement method. Considering the obvious brush seal wear variables, we use two disks with different roughness($Ra=0.1{\mu}m$ and $100{\mu}m$) to determine the effect of roughness on wear. Considering an actual steam turbine, we utilize a steam generator and super-heater to generate a working fluid (0.95MPa, 523.15K) that has high kinetic energy. We observe the abrasion of the bristles in the hot steam environment through a scanning electron microscope image. This study also conducted energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis for a qualitative evaluation of local chemistry. The results indicate that the wear and elimination of bristles occur on the disk with high roughness, and the weight increases due to oxidation. Furthermore these results, reveal that the bristle oxidation is accelerated more under super-heated steam conditions than under conditions without steam.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.279-287
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• 2019

In this paper, we attempted to analyze the balance ability of the body by measuring changes in body motion and plantar pressure distribution. So we developed a program that can measure and analyze range of motion and center of body pressure using inertial measurement unit(IMU) and FSR(Force Sensing Resistor) sensor, we also produced a contents that can help improve the balance ability. The quantitative values of range of motion and center of body pressure measured by this program are visualized in real time so that the user can easily recognize the results. In addition, the contents were designed to be adjusted according to the direction of improving the balance ability by adjusting the difficulty level based on the measured balance information. This can be achieved by increasing the concentration and participation will by using visual feedback method that proceeds while watching moving objects according to the user's motion.