• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted at Cheonan Yonam Experimental Livestock Farm in 2001-2002 to detennine the effect of harvest date(20 April, 26 April and 4 May) on forage yield and quality of rye varieties of three different maturing groups(early maturing variety = ‘Koolgrazer’ midseason maturing variety = ‘Horni122’ and late maturing variety = ‘Danko’). The heading date of Kooigrazer, Hornil22 and Danko were 17, 22 and 29 April, respectively. Dry matter percentage increased from 15.6 to 21.6% as the harvest date was delayed from April 20 to May 4. Among the rye varieties tested, dry matter percentage of Koolgrazer, Hornil22 and Danko were 20.9, 18.8 and 16.3%, respectively. Dry matter yield increased from 1l.2 to 13.9 ton/ha as the harvest date was delayed, but no significant difference among rye varieties. As the harvest date was delayed, total digestible nutrients(TDN) yield also increased significantly from 7.4 to 8.4 ton/ha However no significant difference was found among rye varieties. Crude protein(CP) percentage decreased from 20.3 to 17.1% as the harvest date was delayed, and CP percentage of late maturing variety, Danko, was significantly higher than that of the other varieties. In content of fiber component(NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose and cellulose) of rye, the late harvest date(4 May) showed the highest among harvest dates. From comparisoo within rye varieties tested, Kooigrazer, a early maturing variety had higher than a rnidseason and late maturing varieties, Hornill22 and Danko. The cellulase digestible of organic matter of dry matter(CDOMD) decreased as the harvest date was delayed. Among the rye varieties tested, the CDOMD of a early maturing variety, Koolgrazer was the lowest. Our study differences of winter rye in forage yield and quality resulting from variety maturity and harvest stage. A early maturing variety, Kooigrazer should be harvested between 24 and 28 April, Hamill 22(midseason maturing variety) harvested between 29 April and 3 May, Danko(late maturing variety) harvested between 4 and 8 May for maximum forage yield and optimum quality.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2007

This experiment was carried out to breed the cold-tolerant variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan from 1999 to 2005. New variety, 'Kospeed' is a diploid variety with green in leaf color, and has semi-erect and erect growth habit in late autumn and early spring, respectively. 'Kospeed' was on 1 May in heading date as a early-maturing variety. Also 'Kospeed' was wider by 0.2mm in flag leaf width, longer by 1cm in flag leaf length and shorter by 1cm in plant length than those of 'Florida 80', respectively. Stem width of 'Kospeed' was similar to that of 'Florida 80' and 'Hwasan 101'. Cold tolerance of 'Kospeed' was better than that of 'Florida 80'. Dry matter (DM) yield (13,257kg/ha) of 'Kospeed' was similar to that of 'Florida 80'. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) of 'Kospeed' were 73.2% and 65.3% which are 2.1% and 1.7% higher than those of 'Florida 80', respectively. Acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of 'Kospeed' were 29.1% and 53.1% which are 2.1% and 2.3% lower than those of 'Florida 80', respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1541-1552
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• 2004

The effect of eight varieties of whole crop rice silage (WCRS) harvested at four stages of maturity were investigated for in situ DM and N degradability, ME and MP yield and content in an 8${\times}$4 factorial experiment. The varieties were Akichikara, Fukuhibiki, Habataki, Hamasari, Hokuriku 168, Kusanami, Tamakei 96 and Yumetoiro. Hamasari and Kusanami were forage varieties while all others were grain varieties. Forages were harvested on 10, 22, 34 and 45 days after flowering, ensiled and kept in airtight condition. Between 45 and 49 days after ensiling, silages opened, chopped and milled green to pass through 4 mm screen. Samples were incubated in the rumen of two Holstein steers for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h over eight 4 d periods. Bags at 0 h were washed in a washing machine. Variety affected DM (p<0.001: except 'a+b', p<0.01) and N (p<0.001) degradability characteristics of WCRS. Stages of maturity also affected DM (p<0.001: except 'a+b', p<0.05; 'c', p<0.08) and N (p<0.01: except 'c', p<0.05) degradability characteristics of WCRS. Interactions between variety and stages of maturity occurred in all DM (p<0.001) and N (p<0.001) degradability characteristics except (p>0.05) for DM 'b', DM 'c', DM 'a+b' nd N 'c'. Effective DM degradability was higher in grain varieties than forage varieties and degradability increased with maturity. N availability decreased only slightly with maturity. Variety was the key factor for N degradability characteristics of WCRS since variety accounted for most of the total variation for degradability characteristics. Both ME and MP content and yield were higher (p<0.001) in grain varieties, and they increased (p<0.001) with the maturity. The results clearly demonstrated that the grain type varieties contained higher ME and MP content than forage varieties, and increase in maturity increases both ME and MP content of WCRS.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2013

This experiment was carried out to breed an early maturing variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in the Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan from 2009 to 2011. A new variety, 'Green farm II' is a diploid with green leaves and has a semi-erect growth habit in late autumn and erect growth habit in early spring, respectively. 'Green farm II' was on the $28^{th}$ of April in the heading date as an early-maturing variety. 'Green farm II' was also wider by 0.6 mm in flag leaf width, shorter by 1 cm in flag leaf length and shorter by 1 cm in plant length than those of the control variety, 'Florida 80', respectively. 'Green farm II' was thicker by 0.7 mm in stem thickness and strong in winter hardness. Dry matter (DM) yield (11,452 kg/ha) of 'Green farm II' was similar to that of 'Florida 80'. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and relative feed value (RFV) of 'Green farm II' were 70.6%, 63.9%, and 114% higher than those of 'Florida 80', respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of 'Green farm II' were 31.7% and 52.6% which were 3.5% and 6.4% lower than those of 'Florida 80', respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 1989

To determine optimal sowing time of forage rape in southern areas of Korea, forage rape cv. Velox, the highest yielding variety among seventeen introduced varieties of forage rape, was grown under five different sowing times. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Yield components such as plant length, number of branches and number of leaves etc. were highest at the sowing time of Sep. 14 and Sep. 24. 2. Plants sown at Sep. 14 and Sep. 24 also showed highest'fresh and dry matter yield. 3. As plants were grown under later sowing time, they showed higher values in content of crude protein and lower values in contents of crude fiber such as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin. 4. There was no relationship between variation of IVDMD and sowing time. Plants sown at Sep. 14 and Sep. 24 showed highest digestible dry matter yields.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1995

This study was to investigate an effective biological control of forage diseases and provide a basic data and a model in improving variety of antagonistic bacteria, with growth promoting effect on forage, through cell fusion. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The antagonistic himbacterium against soil-borne phathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani was isolated from continuous cropping himsphere soil of forage, and its biological and physiological characteristics were investigated. This bacterium was identified as Bacillus subrilis and named BS 101. Another strain for cell fusion was Bacillus thur ingiensis ssp. kurstaki HD-I(BT 37669) with insecticidal crystal. 2. The auxotropic mutants of BS 101 and BT 37669 were derived after mutagenesis using N-methyl-N'nitro- Nitrosoguanidine(NTG) to give amino acid requirement marker. n e s e auxotropic mutants of BS 101 and BT 37669 were named BS 1013(his-) and BT 69(asp-), respectively. 3. The best protoplast requirement was obtained using DM 3 medium, containing 5% casamino acid, 1 M $MgCI_2$ and 2% bovine semm albumin, to give Fusant 3, 7 and 8. BT toxin gene was not identified with fusants by Southern blotting. However, SDS-PAGE analysis of strains showed various protein patterns among fusants. 4. From the dark culture experiment, growth of forage in inoculated soil with antagonistic bacteria was delayed than that of non-inoculated soil with antagonistic bacteria in each continuous cropping soil and in each sterilized soil. On the other hand, growth duration of forage was different between continuous cropping soil and sterilized soil. 5. Seed germination of Alfalfa, Italian ryegrass and Orchardgrass were significantly improved by inoculation of antagonistic bacteria(p< 0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1990

Nutritional status of cattle in Java in Indonesia was investigated by evaluating P, Ca, Mg, K and Na concentrations in forage and plasma inorganic phosphorus (Pi), Ca and Mg, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations of cattle during both rainy and dry seasons in 1988. Investigations were conducted at Jonggol (West Java), Malang (East Java) and Majokerto (East Java). Low P content in forage averaging 0.11% on a dry matter basis, high Ca:P ratio in forage in the rainy season (7.7:1) and low plasma Pi concentrations averaging 4.71 mg/dl were observed in Jonggol. In all three places, Ca content in forages was higher than the requirement according to the NRC standard and plasma Ca concentrations were above the critical level. During the rainy season forty percent of cattle in Malang and Mahokerto showed plasma Mg concentrations below 2mg/dl in spite of normal Mg and K content in forage. Forage samples from each place showed a wide variety in Na content, and Na content of two thirds of forage samples was lower than the requirement according to the NRC standard. Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations in Malang and Majokerto showed higher values than the normal range.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.341-356
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• 1975

This study was carried out to evaluate three winter active synthetic varieties in a succeeding generations of improvement and polycross progenies of seven genotypes selected at the cool and wet climate of the Western Oregon, in their performance of the polycross progeny test comparing with a control variety, high yielding 'Fawn', at Daejon, Korea. Various plant and leaf characteristics, especially related to photosynthesis, and forage production during the first summer after the establishment were examined. The important conclusions of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The differences of leaf fresh weight among groups and control exhibit genetic differences. The a verage of leaf fresh weight of polycross progeny group was the heaviest and those of winter active synthetic varieties in the succeeding generations of improvement was heavier than variety 'fawn'. Within polycross progeny group the genotypes exhibit genetic differences for leaf dry weight. 2. The leaf area exhibited genetic differences among groups and control. The average of winter active synthetic varieties in a succeeding generation was larger than variety 'Fawn'. Those oi the polycross progeny group was the largest among groups and control. 3. Differences of specific leaf weight(S. L. W.) among and within varieties, genotypes and control were not significant. Further investigation in this respect is necessary through the study of the diurnal change in S. L. W. 4. Differences of leaf width among groups and control exhibited genetic differences. The average leaf width of winter active varieties was larger than those of 'Fawn' variety. And those of polycross progenies of genotypes was the largest. 5. Plant height of 'fawn' variety in the first measurement was higher than those of winter active tall fescue varieties and genotypes. The deviation in plant height among polyeross progenies of seven genotypes gave a great deviation. The regrowth ability of plant height was not different suggesting that this characteristics was about the same among and within groups and control. 6. Plant width, spreading ability, improved through the succeeding generations of the improvement of the winter active synthetic varieties for the first measurement. Differences of plant width at the second measurement among genotypes within polycross progeny group were big enough to show the genetic difference. 7. Tiller number of the winter active synthetic varieties and the average of genotypes in polycross progeny was more than those of the control 'Fawn' in the first measurement. On the second measurement, the differences of tiller number appeared among three synthetic varieties indicating improvement, and there were genetic differences among seven genotypes in polycross progeny test. 8. Forage yield on the first cutting showed a considerble improvement of forage yield in the more advanced generation of synthetic varieties and genetic differences among seven genotypes in the polycross progeny test. The average of polycross progeny group was higher than those of the control or three winter active varieties. It was suggested that we could make a further improvement for the forage yield. 9. The regrowth ability of these winter active varieties and genotypes was about the same capacity at least on the measurement of the regrowth in forage yield and plant height during summer. 10. On the whole, the averages of the polycross progeny group was in the highest value and those of synthetic varieties were higher than the control variety, 'Fawn', for the most characteristics except S. L. W. and the plant height on the first measurement even though the differences were not always significant. And there were genetic differences among seven gentypes in their performance of the polycross progeny. 11. Although it was not always sgnificant, the most advanced winter active variety, '1002', had in the highest value for all plant characteristics and forage yield measurements than the other two varieties, '1001'. 12. The results of the association study among various characteristics were quite agreeable and would be useful in the selection of desirable genotypes for the development of a better variety.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to find out the response of orchardgrass (Dactylis glorneruta L.) varieties to grazing at the condition of monocultures and mixed pastures on the field of Livestock Experiment Station at Suwon from Sep. 1989 to Oct. 1991. The varieties of orchardgrass used in this experiment were Potomac, Hallmark and Syn. No. 2 as a early maturing type, and Lidacta, Rancho and Syn. No. 10 as a late maturing type. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Herbage utilization of mixture with Hallmark variety(T2) was the highest as 78.2% and that with Rancho variety(T5) was the lowest as 70.2%. but there was no difference(P>0.05). Mixtures with early maturing varieties(T1, T2 and T3) were higher as 77.4% than those with late varieties(T4, T5 and T6) as 72.9% in herbage utilization. In monocultures Rancho variety(T5) was the highest as 68.6% and Lidacta variety(T4) was the lowest as 58.8%, and mixtures with early maturing varieties(T1, T2 and T3) as 66.6% were higher than those of late(T1, 72 and 73) as 64.6%. 2. The content of crude protein of 6 mixed pastures ranged from 19.7% to 22.8%, and those of ether extracts, crude fiber, crude ash and nitrogen free extract were 6.6 to 7.5%, 24.9 to 26.2'76, 1 1.5 to 1 1.9% and 33.6-35.4 8, respectively, But there were not different significantly(P>0.05). In monocultures, significant difference by variety was observed in crude protein content(P<0.05). 3. In botanical composition, there was just a little different among 6 mixtures, having 90% or more in grass percentage. The percentages of each orchardgrass varieties were decreased, but those of perennial ryegrasses were increased as grazing sesson was progressed in all treatment.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.206-210
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• 2004

In order to find out the optimum harvest (dipping) date combined with sowing date on yield and nutrient quality of forage rye which is suitable at the Southern part of Korea, Paldanghomil variety was grown Sep. 2001 to May 2002 at Sunchon National University, and yield and nutrient quality of plant were observed. As harvest date and sowing date were delayed, the plant length was longest, number of leaves per plant was increased in the time of May 20 clipping. Fresh yield was the heaviest in the time of May 20 clipping and Oct. l0 sowing, and the most dry matter yield was the heaviest in the time of May 20 clipping and Oct. 10 sowing. Content of crude protein was the highest and that of crude fiber such as NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were the lowest in the late time of clipping and sowing. Further more IVDMD was high and dry matter yield and digestible dry matter yield were the highest in the time of May 20 dipping and Oct. 10 sowing. Judging from the results reported above, at optimum harvest (dipping) date combined with sowing date for yield and nutrient quality of forage rye seemed to be the time of May 20 clipping and Oct. 10 sowing.