• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.156-160
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• 2020

This study was conducted at the National Institute of Animal Science from 2010 to 2017. As a variety that is sufficiently productive in the southern regions to replace imported varieties and sufficiently cold-resistant to be cultivated in the central-northern regions, "IR605" was developed and submitted to the Korea Seed & Variety Service in an application for protection. The novel Italian ryegrass variety "IR605" is a diploid with green leaves, a semi-erect growth habit before wintering, and an erect growth habit in the spring. "IR605" was a medium maturing variety with a heading date of around May 15th. "IR605" had a flag leaf width of 9.9 mm, flag leaf length of 26.7 cm, and plant length on the heading date of 100 cm, which was approximately 5 cm longer than "Kowinearly." The stem thickness and ear length of "IR605" are 0.08 mm thicker and 0.5 cm longer than those of "Kowinearly", respectively. The cold-resistance of "IR605" was weaker than that of "Kowinearly", but strong enough to be cultivated in Pyeongchang, Gangwon province. The dry matter yield of "IR605" (9,308 kg/hectare) was 20% higher than that of "Kowinearly", which was further pronounced in the southern region of Haenam, where there was a 52% increased (p < 0.05). The in vitro dry matter digestibility of "IR605" was 68.4% at which was slightly higher than that of "Kowinearly", The total digestible nutrients was 58.5%, which was slightly lower than "Kowinearly". Overall, the feed quality characteristics of "IR605" were similar to those of "Kowinearly".

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.357-373
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• 1975

This study was conducted to evaluate the winter active polycross progenies of 10 genotypes selected at the hot and dry climate of the Southern Oregon in their performance in the progeny test comparing with a high yielding variety, 'Fawn', and a winter active variety, 'TFM', as the control varieties at Daejon, Korea. Various plant and leaf characteristics, especially which related to photosynthesis, and forage production during the first summer after their establishment, were examined. The important conclusions of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The winter active genotypes and variety had less leaf fresh weight and dry weight per leaf than variety 'Fawn'. Variations among polycross progenies of genotypes for these characteristics were great. 2. The winter active genotypes and variety had less leaf area per leaf than variety 'Fawn'. Leaf area among polycross progenies of genotypes deviated greatly and poly cross progenies of 'genotype-16' had the same average leaf area as 'Fawn'. 3. Differences of specific leaf weight (S. L. W.) in the winter active genotypes and variety were not significant. Probably the genetic diversity for S. L. W were not big and were narrowed down already in this genetic population. It was suggested that the photosynthate production within the population might not be different and there might be differences in the photosynthate production-translocation balance. Further study for the diurnal change in S. L. W. within the population might be useful. 4. The winter active variety and genotypes had less leaf width than 'Fawn' does. Leaf width among polycross progenies of genotypes deviated significantly. 5. Differences among controls and polycross progeny group in the initial plant height were significant and variety 'Fawn' was taller than the winter active genotypes and variety. But the differences were not significant in the regrowth of plant height after the first forage harvest. On the contrary. the differences among polycross progenies of genotypes were not significant in the initial plant but the differences in their polycross progeny performance became obvious and great in the regrowth ability which is an improtent agronomic characteristics for forage crops produced in the pasture and for hay and silage. 6. Plant width of the winter active genotypes and variety was lesser than 'Fawn' variety. 7. Differences of tiller number became evident and variety 'Fawn' had higher tiller number than the winter active genotypes and variety after the first forage cutting. There, deviations among polycross progenies of genotypes were great for this characteristic. It was obvious that the genetic differences became more evident in the second measurement after the first cutting of forage probably because this characteristic were stimulated by defoliation in the cartain genotypes and variety. 8. The winter active genotypes and variety on the initial growth. the regrowth ability andtotal yield had lesser forage yield than variety 'Fawn'. Deviation of forage yield among polycross progenies of genotypes were great and gave basis for selection according to their polycross progeny performance improving the forage yield of these winter active tall fescue population during summer. 9. It was concluded that the winter active variety and genotypes in this study was poorer than variety 'Fawn' for the most of leaf and plant characteristics including forage yield. For these measurements, the variations among polycross progenies of genotypes were great. and plant breeding might able to improve further this winter active tall fescue through the polycross progeny testing method for the higher forage production during summer in Korea. 10. The result of the associations among various characteristics under study were quite agreeable with the results of the analysis of variance and woul be useful in the selection of desirable genotypes for the development of a new variety.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2001

"Hwasan 103" is a new cold-tolerant Italian ryegrass(Lo1ium multiflorum L.) variety developed by theNational Livestock Research Institute(NLR1) in 1999. To develop a cold-tolerant variety of Italianryegrass(Lo1ium multiflorum L.), cold-tolerant clones survived under - 13 - - 14$^{\circ}$C of minimum average airtemperature(MAAT) in January were selected at Hwachun, Kwangwon Province in 1995. Five clones ofselected clones were polycrossed for seed production by NLRI, RDA in 1996."Hwasan 103" was diploid variety, green in leaf color and broad in flag leaf width. Also it hassemi-prostrate and medium growth habit in late autumn and in early spring, respectively. "Hwasan 103" wasexcellent in lodging tolerance at harvesting time. First heading date of "Hwasan 103" was 14th May, it wassimilar to that of Marshall. Expecially, "Hwasan 103" survived about 50-70% under - 10- - 12'C ofMAAT in January, so it could be cold-tolerant variety that can be safely cultivated in regions higher than -9$^{\circ}$C of MAAT in January. Compared with Marshall "Hwasan 103" showed 3% higher fresh yield (57.8MTper ha) and it showed 2% higher dry matter yield (11.OMT per ha). Higher IVDMD and TDN and lowerADF and NDF were observed in "Hwasan 103" than those of Florida 80 and Marshall in Forage quality.(Key words : Italian ryegrass, Cold tolerance, New variety "Hwasan 103")all in Forage quality.(Key words : Italian ryegrass, Cold tolerance, New variety "Hwasan 103")n 103&")ot;)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.210-216
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• 2018

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of difference in cold-tolerance and growth characteristics of variety on forage productivity of Italian ryegrass(IRG) in middle region of Korea from 2017 to 2018. Cold-tolerance of IRG was significant different between varieties(p<0.05). Overwinter rate of domestic variety of IRG was higher than that of foreign variety(p<0.05). Among early-maturing varieties, overwinter rate of Kowinearly was highest as 68% that was 33% higher than that of Florida 80. Among middle-maturing varieties, overwinter rate of Kowinmaster was highest as 70% that was 28% higher than that of Tam 90. DM yield of IRG was significant different between varieties(p<0.05). Among early-maturing varieties, DM yield of Kowinearly and Greenfarm 2 was about 3 to 3.5 ton/ha more than that of Florida 80. Among middle-maturing varieties, DM yield of Kowinmaster was about 2ton/ha more than that of winter-hawk or Tam 90. There is a direct correlation between forage productivity and cold-tolerance of IRG variety(p<0.01). These results suggested that choice of early- or middle-maturing variety with cold-tolerant is more important for increasing the forage productivity of IRG If harvesting for roughage have to be finished in the middle ten days of May in middle region of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2000

Selection of oat variety according to cultivation period is an important to increase productivity of forage crop. To investigate the growth characters and dry matter productivity of oats according to cultivation period, early-maturing oat(EM0) and medium-maturing oat(MM0) variety were sown in spring and autumn at central district of Korea. When oats were cultivated in spring, MMO variety was longer 8 cm in leaf length and wider 5 mm in leaf width than 25 cm and 12 mm of EM0 variety, rexpectively. but in autumn, those were not different between maturities of oat varieties. Plant length of MMO variety was longer 7 cm than that of EM0 Variety in spring cultivation, but in autumn, plant length of EM0 variety was longer 14 cm than that of MMO variety. Heading dates were 20th to 22th May in EM0 variety, and 30th May to 10th June in MMO variety in spring cultivation, and ear of EM0 variety emerged 30th Oct. to loth Nov. but that of MMO variety did not emerge at harvesting day in autumn cultivation. In Spring cultivation, dry matter(DM) yield of EM0 variety was 7,349 kg/ha that was less 56% than 11,466 kg/ha of MMO variety, but In Autumn, was more 15% than 6,575 kg/ha of MMO variety. In conclusion, selection of oat variety in spring and autumn cultivation can be different with cropping system of forage crop, and this trial is suggesting that oat variety could be sown MMO variety in spring and EM0 variety in autumn at central district of Korea. (Key words : Oat variety, Productivity, Cultivation season)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1715-1720
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• 2005

Two promising varieties of forage sorghum viz. HD-15 and J. Sel-10 were identified for their higher forage yield (350-400 quintals per hectare) compared to traditional/existing variety, HC-136 at Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi. Silage of these three forage sorghum varieties viz., HD-15, J.Sel-10 and HC-136 were prepared in three concrete silos for their nutritional evaluation in sheep. Twelve adult Muzaffarnagari Ewes, divided into three equal groups of 4 each, were offered a particular variety of sorghum silage ad libitum over a period of 30 days followed by a 6 day metabolism trial and a collection of rumen liquor and blood samples. The HD-15 variety of forage sorghum silage contained higher crude protein (CP) than both the J.Sel-10 and HC-136. Average daily dry matter (DM) intake (% of live weight) differed significantly (p<0.05) in sheep that were fed the different varieties of silage, with the maximum amount in HD-15 (2.55) followed by J.Sel-10 (2.49) and HC-136 (1.84). The average apparent digestibility of all the nutrients was low in the sheep that were fed the HC-136 variety of sorghum silage when compared to both HD-15 and J.Sel-10. However, digestibility of organic matter (p<0.05) and crude protein (p<0.01) was significantly low in the HC-136 variety. The average daily nitrogen retention was-0.19, 2.15 and 0.42 g in HC-136, HD-15 and J.Sel-10, respectively which differed significantly (p<0.01). The average digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrient (TDN) contents (%) of the silage varieties were higher in HD-15 (3.14 and 55.3) than HC-136 (0.25 and 58.6) and J.Sel-10 (1.58 and 55.3) varieties. On comparing to the maintenance requirements (ICAR, 1985) for dry matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients, both the improved varieties (HD-15 and J.Sel-10) almost met the requirements except crude protein, which met only 73.3% of the requirement by J.Sel-10, while the HC-136 variety was unable to meet the requirements. The average rumen pH and total volatile fatty acids concentrations were comparable among the groups. However, concentrations of nitrogen metabolites were higher in the animals fed the HD-15 variety of silage. Varieties of sorghum silage also did not have any influence on the concentration of the blood metabolites. It was concluded that the HD-15 variety of sorghum silage was nutritionally superior to both J.Sel-10 and HC-136 silage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.246-252
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• 1992

In order to reduce the problems from overlapping between rye harvest and maize seeding dates, and also to improve the growth, productivity and nutritive value of rye (Secale cereale L.), an experiment was carried out to determine the variety effect of rye on the forage production system, and seeding date effect on the yield and quality of rye. The experiment was conducted in the forage testing field of S.N.U., Suweon, from September 1988 to May 1989. The dry matter and in vitro digestible dry matter yields of rye harvested 14 April were 5.2 t and 4.6 t/ha with an early maturing rye variety, Winter more, but 3.1 t and 2.8 t/ha were obtained with a late maturing rye variety, Kodiak. When seeding date was delayed, a significant decrease in dry matter yield was observed. ADF and NDF contents, and IVDMD of an early maturing rye, Winter more, harvested 14 April were 25.6, 44.8 and 81.9 %, but those of a late maturing rye, Kodiak, were 21.1, 39.5 and 88.9 %, respectively. ADF and NDF contents of rye were increased as the seeding date was delayed, but ail forage ryes from different seeding dates as well as varieties were recorded as the 1st grade proposed by market hay grades. The dry matter and in vitro digestible dry matter yields of rye harvested at 80 %heading stage were significantly decreased as delayed seeding date, but no significant differences were found between early and late maturing varieties. No differences in ADF and NDF contents, and IVDMD of the rye harvested at 80% heading stage were found among the treatments, but all forage ryes were evaluated as the 4 th grade proposed by market hay grades.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2004

The effect of eight varieties of grain and forage type whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L Japonica) each harvested at four stages of maturity were investigated for morphology and yield, proportion of botanical fractions, fermentatability and chemical composition in an $8{\times}4$ factorial experiment. All crops were sown in 1997 at Saitama Prefecture, Japan under identical condition and harvested on 10, 22, 34 and 45 days after flowering in 1998. Total DM yield of forage type varieties was similar to that of the highest yield of grain type varieties. However, while yield of forage type varieties was attributed to higher proportion of straw than head, the reverse was in the case of grain type varieties. Yield in line with the proportion of head increased (p<0.001), but in contrast proportion of straw decreased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. Silage fermentability of grain type varieties was better than forage type varieties. Fermentability improved with the increase (p<0.001) in maturity suggesting that the moisture content should be reduced to improve fermentation quality. Forage type varieties contained higher (p<0.001) ash, crude fat (EE), organic cell wall (OCW) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), but contained lower crude protein (CP), organic cell content (OCC), CP in OCC and nitrogen-free cell wall extract (NCWFE) than the grain type varieties. The ash, CP, EE, Oa (60% digestible OCW), Ob (40% digestible OCW), OCW, ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) decreased (p<0.001), but OCC and NCWFE increased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. It is concluded that stage of maturity not only increases yield and proportion of head, but also improved the fermentation quality and increases quality chemical composition (except CP) of whole crop rice. Forage type varieties may be as good as grain type varieties in terms of yield, but fermentation quality and chemical composition may not be as good as that of grain type varieties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.192-193
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• 2005

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2016

'Lucky one' is a new orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) variety developed by the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) in 2014. Four superior clones were selected and polycrossed for seed production to develope this new variety of orchardgrass. The agronomic growth characteristics and forage productivity of 'Lucky one' were examined at Cheonan from 2010 to 2011. Regional adaption trials were conducted in Cheonan, Hoengseong, Jinju, and Jeju from 2012 to 2014. 'Lucky one' showed growth habit of medium type in fall and spring. It has short flag leaf length with long upper internode. Plant height of 'Lucky one' was 3 cm more than that of control variety, 'Amba'. Its heading date was 2 days later than that of control variety 'Amba'. Characteristics such as waterlogging and disease resistance of 'Lucky one' were stronger or better than those of control variety, 'Amba', Especially, dry matter yield of 'Lucky one' (16,191 kg/ha) was increased 38% compared to that of control variety, 'Amba'(11,778 kg/ha). Nutritive feed values of 'Lucky one' appeared to be similar to those of control variety 'Amba' except in Vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and crude protein content.