• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2013

Diabetic Charcot arthropathy is a severe joint disease in the foot and ankle that can result in fracture, permanent deformity, limb loss. Although recent research has improved our level of knowledge regarding its etiology and treatment, it still remains a poorly understood disease. It is a serious and potentially limb-threatening lower-extremity late complication of diabetes mellitus and its diagnosis is commonly missed upon initial presentation. Clinicians treating diabetic patients should be vigilant in recognizing early signs of acute Charcot arthropathy, such as pain, warmth, edema, or pathologic fracture in a neuropathic foot. Early detection and prompt treatment can prevent joint and bone destruction. If left untreated, it can reduce overall quality of life and dramatically increase morbidity and mortality of patients. The goal of this manuscript is to evaluate the current concepts of Charcot arthropathy through review of various literature and help clinicians decide the treatment strategy.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.173-176
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• 2010

Synovial chondromatosis is a benign lesion forming multiple round cartilagenous nodules or osseous loose bodies in joint cavity. Predilection sites are known as knee, hip and elbow joints. However, the involvement of ankle joint was rarely reported in the literature. Moreover, extraarticular chondromatosis in synovial sheath or bursa of extremities is extremely rare. We present a case of synovial chondromatosis of the left ankle joint and flexor hallucis longus tendon sheath.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2001

It has been known that the ankle arthrodesis is a common surgical procedure for treating the ankle arthrosis and deformity that do not respond to the non-operative treatment. To date, various surgical techniques for the ankle arthrodesis have been reported. Clinical and biomechanical trials have shown that the rigid internal fixation leads the increased rate of the union. The ankle arthrodesis may be complicated with the nonunion, delayed union, malunion, and infection. In cases of the Charcot joint of the ankle in diabetic patients, however, arthrodesis could reduce the disadvantage of the nonoperative treatment, such as the loss of the reduction, progressive collapse, multiple ulcerations and infection. The object of this case report is to report our experience of a successful ankle arthrodesis using an anterior T plate in treating the unstable ankle of a diabetic patient, associated with the ankle fracture and the neuropathy. The surgical approach of this technique is simple so that it would allow less soft tissue injury, and this procedure would be regarded as one alternative to provide the rigid internal fixation in the ankle arthrodesis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.886-891
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• 2009

One of the important functions of prosthetic foot is the foot inversion-eversion which is so important when walking on uneven surfaces. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of foot eversion angle especially on knee and ankle joint for transtibial amputees by motion analysis. The experimental data were collected from three transtibial amputees and then ten healthy individuals. To simulate walking on side sloping ground, we used custom-made slope (5, 10, 15 degrees). Motion analysis was performed by 3-dimensional motion analyzer for 6 dynamic prosthetic feet. The results showed that knee abduction moments of amputated leg were decreased but those of sound leg were mainly increased as foot eversion angle increased. And ankle abduction moments of sound leg were inconsistent in magnitude and tendency between control and experimental group. Therefore foot eversioncharacteristics should be considered to develop advanced prosthetic foot.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and describe radiologic pattern of ankle arthritis following change of mechanical loading axis by total knee arthroplasty. Materials and Methods: We reviewed radiographs of 419 cases, 243 patients underwent total knee arthroplasy from January 2002 to October 2006 retrospectively. We described radiologic parameters around the ankle joint and measured the amount of change of knee varus or valgus angle by comparing preoperative and postoperative anteroposterior standing lower extremities AP X-rays. We divided cases into two groups, one with radiologically arthritic change of the ankle joint and the other one without any radiologic change after surgery. We compared two groups in each parameters and analyzed statistically (SPSS v13.0). Results: Three hundred eighty one cases were divided into varus group and 38 cases in valgus group. 125 cases were divided into ankle arthritic change-positive subgroup among the varus group and 251 cases were in negative subgroup. The amount of varus angle correction by total knee arthroplasty showed significant difference between two subgroups. There was no significant difference in each parameters between subgroups within 38 valgus cases. Conclusion: Ankle arthritis can be aggravated after total knee arthroplasty because of the change of mechanical loading axis onto the ankle joint. Therefore it may be needed to evaluate symptoms and function of ankle joints before performing total knee arthroplasties especially in patients with huge varus deformities of knee joints.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.191-194
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• 2004

Purpose: Anatomic configuration of the ankle joint is useful information during various ankle procedures. This study was prospectively designed to investigate the sagittal inclination pattern of the ankle joint. Materials and Methods: Lateral standing ankle radiographs from one-hundred people (age: $17{\sim}68$, M:F=45:55) and magnetic resonance (MR) sagittal ankle images from twenty-four people (age: $16{\sim}65$, M:F=14:10) were studied. Post-traumatic, arthritic, or grossly deformed ankles at any reason were excluded. The posterior inclination angle (PIA) of the distal tibia was measured and compared between the lateral and the medial segment. Results: On plain radiographic data, the average PIA of the distal tibia was $6.14^{\circ}{\pm}3.56^{\circ}$ (range $0^{\circ}$ to $14^{\circ}$) in the lateral segment and $13.16^{\circ}{\pm}3.05^{\circ}$ (range $6^{\circ}$ to $22^{\circ}$) in the medial segment. On MR imaging data, the average PIA of the distal tibia was $5.08^{\circ}{\pm}4.26^{\circ}$ (range $1^{\circ}$ to $10^{\circ})$ in the lateral segment and $10.16^{\circ}{\pm}4.87^{\circ}$(range $5^{\circ}$ to $17^{\circ}$) in the medial segment. The PIA between two segments was significantly different. Conclusion: The sagittal configuration of the medial area ankle joint and the lateral area ankle joint has difference in the degree of posterior inclination and shape of curvature.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2001

Objectives: This study was done to determine the prevalence of radiographic ankle osteoarthritis (OA) in Korean women with clinical primary ankle OA. Methods: This analysis involved 160 Korean women who visited our out patient clinic due to ankle joint pain. Ankle AP and lateral weight-bearing radiographs were evaluated retrospectively to check whether they have radiographic OA or not. Radiographs were read for features of ankle OA using School classification. Demographic factors and radiographic findings in both radiographic ankle OA group and non-radiographic ankle OA group were analyzed by the student t-test, the chi square test and the Pearson's analysis. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of radiographic ankle OA in Korean women is 18.2 % in patient between 18 and 39 years and is 55.6 % in patient over 40. There was significant difference between two groups with age (P<0.001) and relatively strong correlation between radiographic OA and age (r=0.474, P<0.001). Conclusion: These results show that the prevalence of Korean women with radiographic changes of ankle OA was 45 % and there was relatively strong correlation between age and radiographic ankle OA.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of IASTM and static stretching techniques on ankle joint range of motion (ROM), static foot pressure. Methods: Twenty four subjects with gastrocnemius shortness participated in this study. The subjects were assigned randomly to one of two groups: The soft tissue mobilization technique (IASTM) group received intervention using a IASTM instrument for two minutes, and the stactic stretching group performed self stretching for 30 seconds, four times. The ROM of the ankle joint was measured by active ankle dorsi-flexion test, and a TPScan was utilized to collect the plantar foot pressure. This experiment was performed by two physical therapists. The significant level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: The results were as follows: 1) The ROM of the ankle joint and was significantly increased in both groups. 2) Plantar foot pressure was no significant in both groups. 3) There were no significant differences between the IASTM group and static stretching group for any variable. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that static stretching is an effective and easy technique for restoring proper muscle length in subjects with gastrocnemius shortness. We recommend that static stretching technique be used for treat gastrocnemius shortness in clinical setting and home program.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.197-200
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• 2017

The effects of acupuncture treatment and taping therapy on a 22-year-old man who suffered from left foot pain due to Lisfranc joint injury were examined. Fractures of the first, second, and third metatarsal bones and a cuneiform bone were treated with acupuncture and taping therapy from March 24, 2017 to May 4, 2017. The patient was evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society's Ankle-Hindfoot Scale. His Ankle-Hindfoot Score increased from 27 points pre-treatment to 65 points post-treatment. There were no side effects. While the improvement observed in this patient is encouraging, no definitive conclusion on the effects of acupuncture treatment and taping therapy on Lisfranc joint injuries can be reached without further large-scale study.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1505-1508
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• 2008

One of the important functions of prosthetic foot is the foot inversion-eversion which is so important when walking on uneven surfaces. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of foot eversion angle especially on knee and ankle joint for transtibial amputees by motion analysis. The experimental data were collected from three transtibial amputees and then ten healthy individuals. To simulate walking on side sloping ground, we used custom-made slope (5, 10, 15 degrees). Motion analysis was performed by 3-dimensional motion analyzer for 6 dynamic prosthetic feet. The results showed that knee abduction moments of amputated leg were decreased but those of sound leg were mainly increased as foot eversion angle increased. And ankle abduction moments of sound leg were inconsistent in magnitude and tendency between control and experimental group. Therefore foot eversioncharacteristics should be considered to develop advanced prosthetic foot.