• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.163-170
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• 2022

Purpose: The proximal fifth metatarsal fracture is one of the most common foot fractures. However, few studies have evaluated the associated injuries in patients with a proximal fifth metatarsal fracture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of foot and ankle joint injuries associated with proximal fifth metatarsal fractures and compare the incidence of these injuries based on the injury mechanisms and location of the fracture. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 157 patients with a proximal fifth metatarsal fracture who underwent surgery from January 2014 to August 2021. Their medical records and radiology images were reviewed to classify and analyze the associated injuries. The proximal fifth metatarsal fractures were classified using Lawrence and Botte's classification. Injury mechanisms were divided into direct and indirect injuries. The incidence of injuries was statistically analyzed according to the injury mechanism and classification. Results: Of the 157 patients with proximal fifth metatarsal fractures, 81 (51.6%) were diagnosed with foot and ankle joint injuries. The incidence of foot injuries was 65.4%, that of ankle joint injuries was 19.8%, and of both foot and ankle joint injuries was 14.8%. In patients with direct injuries, the incidence of foot and ankle joint injuries was 82.5% and that of indirect injuries was 41.0%. Statistical differences were observed between the incidence of direct and indirect injuries (p<0.001). The incidence of injuries, according to Lawrence and Botte's classification, was 54.9% (Zone I), 41.2% (Zone II), and 50.0% (Zone III) respectively. However, there were no statistically significant variations in the locations of the proximal fifth metatarsal fractures (p=0.051). Conclusion: In this study, the incidence of foot and ankle joint injuries associated with proximal fifth metatarsal fractures was found to be high. Therefore, a careful physical examination and appropriate radiological evaluation are recommended for patients with such fractures.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2008

Purpose : To describes the important aspects of the foot and ankle movement and function used when git and balance strategy. Method : The foot and ankle was a very important roles in the lower limb movement and gait. This study summarizes the physiologic movement of knee to the PNF lower extremity patterns. Result : The ankle joint composed of the talocural joint, the subtalarl joint, transverse tarsal joint, talocalcaneonavicular joint. The onset of dorsiflexion muscle activity starts in pre swing gait patterns. First contract muscle is the extensor hallucis. Activity of tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus quickly follows in mid swing gait phase. During stance phase, the soleus and gastrocnemius muscle provided plantar flexor torque, which muscle reacts quickly to restrain ankle dorsiflexion, and contributes modulated control of the ankle motion in gait patterns. Conclusions : The understanding of ankle kinematics, could provide a good therapeutic approach for improving gait patterns in patients with various pathological condition.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.165-167
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• 2020

Failure to achieve stable fixation during surgery for a Lisfranc joint injury leads to subtle instability that causes dysfunction and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is important to check for appropriate fixation during surgery. This paper reports a test that evaluates the joint instability dynamically during the open reduction of the Lisfranc joint and checks the stability after fixation. a Freer elevator was inserted into the interosseous area between the medial cuneiform and second metatarsal base, and a twisting force was applied to evaluate the dynamic instability of the Lisfranc joint. After fixation of the Lisfranc joint, the stability of the fixation could be tested by trying this maneuver with the Freer elevator. Overall, the Freer test can be considered a valuable test in open surgery for a Lisfranc joint injury.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1084-1089
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the difference of the ankle joint movements during landing. Seven adult males voluntarily participated in the study and the average foot size of the subjects was 269.8 mm. Image analysis equipment and the ground reaction force plate (landing type) was used to measure th kinetic variables. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the vertical ground reaction force peak point appeared once in the barefoot with forefoot, while two peak points appeared in the barefoot and functional shoe foot with rear foot landing. About ankle angle, fore foot landing ankle angle, the average with bare foot landing was $-10.302^{\circ}$ and the average with functional shoe foot landing was $-2.919^{\circ}$. Also about rear foot landing, ankle angle was $11.648^{\circ}$ with bare foot landing and $15.994^{\circ}$ with functional shoe landing. The fore foot landing, ankle joint force analysis produced 1423.966N with barefoot and 1493.264N with functional shoes. But, the rear foot landing, ankle joint force analysis produced 1680.154N with barefoot and 1657.286N with functional shoes. This study suggest that the angle of ankle depends on the landing type and bare foot running/functionalized shod running, and ankle joint forces also depends on landing type.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and prognostic factors of intramedullary nailing of distal tibia fractures in terms of function and symptoms of the ankle joint. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 22 distal tibial fractures with intramedullary nailing. The mean duration of follow-up was 43 months. We reviewed medical records to describe each case. We measured radiographic parameters such as fracture configuration, arthritic change of the ankle joint and status of reduction. We also assessed clinical results by AOFAS ankle hind foot scoring system, degree of pain by VAS and range of motion to find out prognostic factors for functional result of the ankle joint. Results: Bone healing was obtained in all cases without any wound complications. Mean AOFAS ankle score was 94. There were 4 cases with mild (VAS<3/10) ankle pain and 2 cases with mild limitation of ankle motion. The comminution of fracture had a significant relationship with delayed angular deformity of ankle joint (p=0.032). There was no other significant parameter affecting ankle joint function except the location of nail-end. Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing in distal tibia fracture is a safe and effective procedure. But further study may need to evaluate the relationship between the position of nail-end and the function of ankle joint.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2010

Ankle-foot orthosis with a pneumatic rubber actuator, which is intended for the assistance and the enhancement of ankle muscular activities was developed. In this study, the effectiveness of the system was investigated during plantarflexion motion of ankle joint. To find a effectiveness of the system, the subjects performed maximal voluntary isokinetic plantarflexion contraction on a Biodex-dynamometer. Plantarfexion torque of the ankle joint is assisted by subject's soleus muscle that is generated when ankle joint do plantarflexion motion. We used the muscular stiffness signal of a soleus muscle for feedback control of ankle-foot orthosis as physiological signal. For measurement of this signal, we made the muscular stiffness force sensor. We compared a muscular stiffness force of a soleus muscle between with feedback control and without it and a maximal plantarflexion torque between not wearing a ankle-foot orthosis, without feedback control wearing it and with feedback control wearing it in each ten elderly adults. The experimental result showed that a muscular stiffness force of a soleus muscle with feedback control was reduced and plantarflexion torque of an ankle joint only wearing ankle-foot orthosis was reduced but a plantarflexion torque with feedback control was increased. The amount of a increasing with feedback control is more higher than the amount of a decreasing only wearing it. Therefore, we confirmed the effectiveness of the developed ankle-foot orthosis with feedback control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2008

Purpose : The study was to evaluate the effect of joint therapy and active exercise on balance and lower foot and ankle muscle MVIC in supination foot. Methods : The subjects of this study were 20. Subjects were 20 to 25($22.20{\pm}1.54$) completed the study and participated three times a week for 4 weeks. Subjects were assessed by utilizing two different EMG MVIC. Results : The change in peroneus longus MVIC significant on pre-test and post test (p<.05). The not change in tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, peroneus brevis MVIC on pre-test and post-test(p<.05). Conclusion : The study suggest that subtalar joint therapy and active exercise have a increase peroneus longus MVIC for supination foot. Therefore, the subtalar joint therapy and active exercise recommended for supination foot.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.291-296
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate the effects of an ankle foot orthosis(AFO) with variable ankle joint angles on balance performance in healthy adults. Eighteen healthy adults were recruited in this repeated measures design with subjects as their own controls. An AFO with four kinds of ankle joint angles(-5, 0, 5, and 10 degree) were used and balance performance was measured during single limb standing. Three trials were obtained and then averaged for data analysis. Foot pressure was measured using an F-scan system and muscle activity was measured using an MP150 system. There were significant differences in balance performance with ankle joint angles. An AFO with -5 degrees was associated with significant increases in postural sway(anterior-posterior), and in muscle activity for the medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior compared with other degrees of angle. Findings of this study show that angles of an AFO are related to balance performance and a joint angle of 10 degree is effective for promoting joint stability and postural control. This information can be used by clinicians to prescribe AFOs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the distribution of foot pressure, knee and ankle joint angle between treadmill walking and ground walking in normal person. Methods : 18 Person of subject has participated this study, let subject to walk in ground and treadmill in order to gain data of foot distribution and knee, ankle joint angle using by parotec system. and Dartfish system. Walking velocity was constrained by 2Km/h and more 10sec. Date analysis was used by paired-t test using SPSS/PC statistical programs for window. Results : Result show that total contact times has shown symmetry between both legs, and more increase of left foot pressure in treadmill walking. Foot pressure of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in right hind foot and fore foot and hallux area. The ankle joint angle of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in initial contact phase. Conclusion : Results of this study show that foot pressure of treadmill walking was more decreased than ground walking in right hind foot and fore foot, hallux area. And the ankle joint angle of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in initial contact phase.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.211-213
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• 2009

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare proliferative disorder that affects synovium, tendon sheath and bursa. Although the condition can present in any joint, knee joint is the most commonly affected site and only 2.5% of cases occur in foot and ankle joint. PVNS occurs in two types: localized and diffuse. Localized type is characterized by focal involvement of the synovium with either nodular or pedunculated masses, Diffuse type affects virtually the entire synovium. Diffuse type has reported more recurrence rate. We have experienced a patient who has diffuse type PVNS of ankle joint and report an optimal method of surgical treatment.