• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2000

We came to the conclusion after considering all the information from many kinds of books on the circulation courses, cross-link points, functions and the symptoms of disease of Chongmai. The results were as follows : 1. The Chongmai that starts from a Uterus flows to Dazhu through the inside of vertebra after joining Renmai and Duimai at Huiyin. The Chongmais up-line that comes out from Qichong into a surface of body arrives and is scattered at a chest through an abdomen. One strand of them goes upward again and is connected to a throat and lips area. After coming out from Qichong, separated down-line is divided into two parts when it arrives a inner part of a heel through the inner part of a leg. One is for an instep, the other is for the sole of a foot. 2. We call it "Sea of Twelve Meridians" or "Meridian's Sea". Because Chongmai controls all of Meridian by acquired "Basic energy" as getting Stomach's energy, Kidney's energy and air-energy, and there are responsible of physiological phenomenon control. And also we name it "Sea of Blood", because it starts from and provides a nutrition to Uterus. 3. All of these four Meridian such as Renmai, Kidney Meridian, Stomach Meridian and Spleen Meridian are ones that flow around the part of a chest and an abdomen. Chongmai makes energy and blood circulation of a chest and an abdomen be stronger and be controlled. Therefore it makes viscera, bowels and body surface be warm and given a nutrition. So Chongmai becomes "Sea of Viscera and Bowels". 4. Chongmai provides a nutrition for ligament and muscle and makes legs get warm as making energy and blood circulate from head to foot. If Chongmai is energetic, hair is completely easy to grow. 5. To see in pathological phase, Chongmais failure or weakness causes like a chest pain, stomachache, heart attack, a menstrual irregularity and sterility and so on. And also if Chongmai is damaged, it happens that giving a nutrition for lips area is stopped, and then mustache doesn't grow any more.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.508-511
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• 2011

Purpose: Blue toe syndrome consists of blue or purplish toes in the absence of a history of obvious trauma, serious cold exposure, or disorders producing generalized cyanosis. It is a life-threatening and still underrecognized disease. It can be commonly occurred by vascular surgery, invasive cutaneous procedures or anticoagulant therapy. Our case is presented of blue toe syndrome related to atheromatous embolization that was presumably triggered by angio CT. Methods: A 69-year-old man presented with the suddenly developed pain, cyanosis and livedo reticularis of the toes in right foot. Dorsalis pedis pulses were palpable. He had been performed a diagnostic angio CT 1 month earlier. Angio CT revealed diffuse aortic atheromatous plaque in lower abdominal aorta and both common iliac artery. One month after angio CT, he visited our clinic. There was no visible distal first dorsal metatarsal artery and digital artery of right first toe in lower extremity arteriography. A diagnosis was established of blue toe syndrome. Because his symptom was aggravated, we performed the exploration of the right foot. After exposure of first dorsal metatarsal artery, microsurgical atheroembolectomy was done. Results: There were no postoperative complications. After three months the patient had no clinically demonstrable problems. Conclusion: Patient with blue toe syndrome is at high risk of limb loss and mortality despite treatment. Blue toe syndrome produces painful, cyanosed toes with preserved pedal pulses. It needs to be aware of blue toe syndrome. Careful history should reveal the diagnosis. Treatment is controversial, however, most believe that anticoagulation therapy should be avoided.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2005

An insole type local shear force measurement system was developed and local shear stresses in the foot were measured during level walking. The shear force transducer based on the magneto-resistive principle, was a rigid 3-layer circular disc. Sensor calibrations with a specially designed calibration device showed that it provided relatively linear sensor outputs. Shear transducers were mounted on the locations of four metatarsal heads and heel in the insole. Sensor outputs were amplified, decorded in the bluetooth transmission part and then transferred to PC. In order to evaluate the developed system, both shear and plantar pressure measurements, synchronized with the three-dimensional motion analysis system, were performed on twelve young healthy male subjects, walking at their comfortable speeds. The maximum peak pressure during gait was 5.00kPa/B.W at the heel. The time when large local shear stresses were acted correlated well with the time of fast COP movements. The anteroposterior shear was dominant near the COP trajectory, but the mediolateral shear was noted away from the COP trajectory. The vector sum of shear stresses revealed a strong correlation with COP movement velocity. The present study will be helpful to select the material and to design of foot orthoses and orthopedic shoes for diabetic neuropathy or Hansen disease.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2012

초점성 분절성 사구체 경화증(focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; FSGS)은 경화증을 주 병변으로 하는 질환으로서 일차성 사구체 질환의 하나이면서 진행된 사구체 질환의 형태적 변화를 기술하는 단어로도 사용되고 있다. 사구체에는 경화증, 유리질 형성, 거품세포의 출현, 발세포의 공포화, 광륜형성 등이 보이고, 간질의 섬유화와 염증세포의 침윤, 세뇨관의 위축, 혈관의 비후 및 내막 섬유화 등을 특징으로 한다. 면역형광검사에서 부분적으로 IgM과 C3 등의 침착을 보이지만 면역관련 질환은 아니다. 전자현미경 검사에서는 발세포의 손상 현상으로 세포질 내의 공포화와 족돌기가 상실되는 것이 중요 소견이다. 2004년 표준화 된 FSGS의 분류는 과거의 형태학적 변형들을 모아서 임상과의 상관관계를 지웠다. 그 결과 tip형이 가장 예후가 좋으며, collapsing형이 가장 나쁜 것으로 알려졌다. 그러나 이 분류가 증례에 따라서는 적용하기가 애매한 경우가 많고, collapsing형을 FSGS에 분류하는 것에 대한 반론 등이 제기되고 있다. 한편, 임상적으로는 FSGS를 원인에 따라 분류하여 거꾸로 형태학적 공통점을 찾으려는 노력을 하고 있다. 사구체의 수가 적어서 일어나는 과여과로 인한 FSGS는 perihilar형이 많고 유전적 질환에 의한 것은 diffuse mesangial sclerosis가 특징인 것으로 주장되고 있다. FSGS는 이와 같이 아직도 밝혀져야 할 것이 많은 질환이며, 계속적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2012

In livestock industry, damage caused by the epidemic diseases such as Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD), Highly-Pathogenic-Avian-Influenza (HPAI) and Porcine-Reproductive-and-Respiratory-Syndrome (PRRS) was very serious. The financial loss incurred from FMD alone which occurred on Nov. 2011 in Korea was estimated at 3 billion won, 23 % of annual livestock industry production. The livestock industry in Korea has greater risk of disease infection because of high density production, etc. Investigating the spread of livestock diseases should consider both direct and indirect contact as well as other various factors including airborne. Airborne infection of livestock disease was first hypothesised in the early 1900s, however, field experimental studies are still limited. Furthermore, no protocol is available in detecting airborne viruses in the field. In this study, effective virus samplers were investigated by comparative analysis of the type of samplers used detect to airborne virus. Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare virus samplers such as Bio-sampler, Dust-sampler, Compact-Cascade-Impactor (CCI) and Microflow in detecting PRRSV. Samples were analyzed by Reverse-Transcription PCR to assess the efficiency of the instrument in detecting the airborne virus. First, samples were classified into five levels according to light intensity of gel images and then the classified results were normalized. In every case, Bio-sampler and Dust-sampler were comparable with each other and have shown to be more effective than CCI and Microflow samplers.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2013

Cathepsins are lysosomal/cysteine proteases belong to papain family (C1 family) that is involved in intracellular protein degradation, antigen processing, hormone maturation, and immune responses. In this study, member of cathepsin family was identified from Manila clam (Mc-Cathepsin D) and investigated the immune response against brown ring disease (BRD) causing Vibrio tapetis challenge. The identified Mc-Cathepsin D gene encodes characteristic features typical for the cathepsin family including eukaryotic and viral aspartyl protease signature domain and two highly conserved active sites ($^{84}VVFDTGSSNLWV^{95}$ and $^{270}IADTGTSLLAG^{281}$). Moreover, MC-Cathepsin D shows higher identity values (-50-70%) and conserved amino acids with known cathepsin D members. Transcriptional results (by quantitative real-time RT-PCR) showed that Mc-Cathepsin D was expressed at higher levels in gills and hemocytes than mantle, adductor muscle, foot, and siphon. After the V. tapetis challenge under laboratory conditions, Mc-Cathepsin D mRNA was up-regulated in gills and hemocytes. Present study indicates that Mc-Cathepsin D is constitutively expressed in different tissues and potentially inducible when infecting BRD by V. tapetis. It is further suggesting that Mc-Cathepsin D may be involved in multiple role including immune response reactions against BRD.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1009-1015
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• 2017

최근 사물 인터넷 기술의 활용을 통해 가축 및 축사 관련 빅데이터 축적이 가능해 졌다. 이러한 빅 데이터를 기반으로 다양한 기계학습방안들이 가축관리에 적용되어 축산농가의 생산성을 크게 향상시키고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 가장 주목받고 있는 기계학습 기술인 딥러닝을 적용한 질병개체 파악방안을 제안한다. 제안한 방안에서는 정상상태와 질병상태의 가축들이 섞여있는 환경에서 상태에 따라 다른 생체데이터 특성을 지닐 때 심층신경망을 이용하여 가축의 상태를 분류한다. 제안 방안은 가축 생체데이터의 통계적 특성을 모르는 상황에서도 학습을 통해서 가축의 상태를 정확하게 분류할 수 있다. 질병개체의 정확한 파악은 구제역과 같은 전염성 질병을 예방하는데 큰 도움이 될 수 있다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2004

In recent years, the consumption of livestock products were markedly decreased by awareness of world-widely occurred diseases including mad cow disease, Foot and mouth disease, Hog cholera, and Poultry Influenza virus. the consumers ara also wanting to have highly safe food such as organic animal products because of concerning about residual of antibiotics in animal products. However, disease control and impairment of productivity are the major problem in organic animal production. On these points of view, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of 1% or 2% of dietary probiotics fortified with various minerals on improvement of egg production and egg quality in old lay6r feeding low quality feed mainly composed of food waste, sesame meal, and rice bran. After 4 weeks of experimental feeding, the diameter of spreading of egg white was clearly decreased from 11.2cm of control eggs to 10.5m and 10.1m in 1% and 2% treatment group eggs, respectively. The color of egg yolk was 9.3 in control eggs but remarkably increased in treatment groups showing 10.1~10.2. Egg production was 75.8% in control layers but significantly increased to 79.8% of 1% treatment group and 82.9% of 2% treatment group layers. Egg weights (C : 66.3g, 1% : 73.2g, and 2% : 76.7g) and egg shell thickness (C : 0.33mm, 1% : 0.35mm and 2% : 0.36mm) were also increased by the addition of 1% or 2% of probiotics when compared to those of control group eggs. All together, it has been suggested that dietary addition of probiotics fortified with various minerals can improve the egg quality and egg production in layer's productivities by the recycling of organic waste resources such as food waste and agricultural by-products.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the observable symptoms of musculoskeletal disease from electronic components manufacturing workers who involved in many repetitive tasks and to provide the basic data for the prevention and management. The survey was conducted on 721 people from 15 April, 2013 to 17 May, 2013 by self­recording type. The results of the study are as follows. First, symptom complaints based on different body parts are in following order, waist was 12.9%, shoulder was 10.5%, neck was 7.4%, hand/wrist/finger was 7.4%, leg/foot was 4.4%, arm/elbow was 2.8%, and 21.9% of the respondents showed symptoms in more than one body part. Sex, age, marital status, work experience, work intensity, and past accident experience were statistically significant. Second, in the job stress evaluation, all male and female workers were below the median of Korean workers in all of 8 categories. the higher the scores for lack of job autonomy, the higher the symptom complaints of musculoskeletal disease. In the case of patients complain observable symptoms of musculorskeletal disease, they should receive proper outpatient treatment, various programs such as stretching by body parts, setting up a desirable working posture, switching to cyclical work, should b developed as much as possible.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.78-95
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• 2022

아프리카 돼지열병, 구제역 등 가축전염병 유행과 관련된 기존의 연구 결과에서 가축전염병 확산의 주요 원인으로 축산 관련 차량 통행을 지목하는 경우가 많다. 이에 본 연구는 경기도 내 축산시설의 차량 방문이력 데이터와 화물차량의 디지털 운행기록계 데이터를 결합하여 각 읍면동의 주중 축산 화물차량 OD 통행량을 구한 후, 이에 기반한 가축전염병 확산 예측모형을 개발하였다. 모형은 2015년 1~2월 당시 주차별 구제역 발병기록을 이용하여 훈련되었으며, 긍정적 시나리오 기준으로 검증용 감염 표본 13개의 감염을 모두 예측해내는 데에 성공했다.