• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to i) investigate genetic performance for linear type traits of individual Holstein dairy cows, especially focusing on comparative traits, and to estimate genetic variances for these traits using actual data, and ii) compare genetic performance and improvement of progeny by birth country of the cows. Linear type traits defined with five comparative traits on this study were general stature composite (GSC), dairy capacity composite (DCC), body size composite (BSC), foot and leg composite (FLC), and udder composite (UDC). These traits were scored from 1 to 6 with 1 = poor, 2 = fair, 3 = good, 4 = good plus, 5 = very good and 6 = excellent. Final scores (FS) were also included in this study. Data used was collected from the years 2000 to 2004 by the Korea Animal Improvement Association (KAIA). Only data of more than five tested cows by herd appraisal date and by sires having more than ten daughters were included to increase the reliability of the data analyses. A total of 30,204 records of the selected traits, which was collected from 26,701 individuals having pedigree information were used. Herd appraisal date, year of age, lactation stage (grouped by month), and time lagged for milking (in hours) were assumed as fixed effects on the model. Animal additive genetic effects considering pedigree relationship and residual errors were assumed with random effects. Year of age at appraisal date was classified from one to nine years of age, assigning the value of nine years of age for animals that were greater than or equal to nine years of age. From our results, the estimate for heritability was 0.463, 0.346, 0.473, 0.290, and 0.430 on GSC, DCC, BSC, FLC and UDC, respectively. The estimate for FS heritability was 0.539. The greatest breeding values for GSC were estimated for Canada, with the breeding values for American lines increasing for 10 years starting in 1989 but tending to decrease after that until 2004. For DCC, the breeding values for American and Canadian lines showed similar patterns until 1999, after which the breeding values for the American lines declined sharply. For BSC, data from Korea, Canada and the USA followed similar trends overall except when the breeding values of the American lines decreased starting in 1999. Overall, the methods used to evaluate genetic performance in this study were acceptable and allowed for the discovery of differences by country of genetic origin, likely due in part to the American use of selection indexes based primarily on milk yield traits until methods for evaluating other traits began to emerge.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2023

In this paper, we present the analysis results on the vibration serviceability of a pedestrian bridge considering the effect of pedestrian moving mass inertia. Using dynamic finite element analysis, we considered different walking scenarios, including pedestrian density, walking speed, random walking, and synchronized walking, to analyze the acceleration response of a 40m long single-span bridge with a steel composite box cross section. We showed that the equivalent fixed mass analysis method did not significantly differ from the moving mass analysis in the random walk scenario and a wider frequency excitation band may be useful to consider when evaluating vibration serviceability in a random walk scenario.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.519-531
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• 2003

Piezoelectric actuators have long been recognised for use in aerospace structures for control of structural shape. This paper looks at active control of the swept shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction using smart flap actuators. The actuators are manufactured by bonding piezoelectric material to an inert substrate to control the bleed/suction rate through a plenum chamber. The cavity provides communication of signals across the shock, allowing rapid thickening of the boundary layer approaching the shock, which splits into a series of weaker shocks forming a lambda shock foot, reducing wave drag. Active control allows optimum control of the interaction, as it would be capable of positioning the control region around the original shock position and unimorph tip deflection, hence mass transfer rates. The actuators are modelled using classical composite material mechanics theory, as well as a finite element-modelling program (ANSYS 5.7).

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.279-294
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• 2020

Foundation of a building is damaged under service loads during construction. First visit shows that the foundation has been punched at the 6 column's foot region led to building rotation. Foundation shear punching occurring has made some stresses and deflections in construction. In this study, progressing of damage caused by foundation shear punching and inverse loading in order to resolve the building rotation has been evaluated in the foundation and frame of building by finite element modeling in ABAQUS software. The stress values of bars in punched regions of foundation has been deeply exceeded from steel yielding strength and experienced large displacement based on software's results. On the other hand, the values of created stresses in the frame are not too big to make serious damage. In the beams and columns of ground floor, some partial cracks has been occurred and in other floors, the values of stresses are in the elastic zone of materials. Finally, by inverse loading to the frame, the horizontal displacement of floors has been resolved and the values of stresses in frame has been significantly reduced.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.13-18
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of a 6-week weight training and complex training program on the Y-balance test (YBT) in high school soccer players. Research design, data, and methodology: This study included 26 high school soccer players from City S. Subjects were divided into a weight training group (WTG: n=13) and a complex training group (CTG: n=13) based on their willingness to participate without medical problems. The YBT measured anterior (AT), posteromedial (PM), posterolateral (PL), and composite scores (CS), and was measured twice: before the start and after the end of training. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 statistical program to compare pre- and post-training using paired-t tests, between training groups using independent-t tests, and left-right comparisons using independent-t tests. Results: Training resulted in a significant pre- to post-training change in PL in the left foot WTG group (p<.05), with no significant change in the other measures. There were no significant differences between training groups and between left and right sides. Conclusion: To improve YBT in high school soccer players, a program to improve ankle and hip mobility and strength should be added along with improving large muscle strength through weights and comflex training.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.173-182
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• 2019

Purpose: This study determined if anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)/superior extensor ankle retinaculum (SEAR) thicknesses are related to dynamic balance in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Materials and Methods: The subjects were 14 males and 15 females (age=24.52±3.46 years). Ankle instability was assessed using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) with a cut off score of 25 to define two groups. SonoSite MTurbo (Fugifilm Sonosite, Inc.) musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) unit was used to assess ATFL and SEAR thicknesses. Dynamic balance was measured with the Y Balance Test (YBT) and two NeuroCom balance tests. Results: There were no significant differences in the average ATFL thickness between stable and unstable ankles in those subjects with CAI (0.25±0.03 cm and 0.21±0.05 cm, respectively) or in the SEAR thickness (0.09±0.04 cm and 0.10±0.03 cm, respectively). There were also no significant differences in the right and left ATFL thicknesses (0.23±0.07 cm and 0.21±0.04 cm, respectively) or the SEAR thicknesses (0.09±0.01 cm and 0.09±0.01 cm, respectively) in those without CAI. There were no differences between limbs in composite scores on YBT in those with CAI (p=0.35) and those without CAI (p=0.33). There was a moderate correlation between the left SEAR thickness and the large forward/backward perturbations on the NeuroCom (Natus) motor control test (r=0.51, p=0.006 and r=0.54, p=0.003, respectively). Conclusion: There were no differences in the ATFL/SEAR thicknesses or balance measures between or within the groups, likely because CAI is multi-factorial and related to mechanisms other than tissue changes alone. More sensitive technology and a better definition of the measurement process may provide more definitive results.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.191-202
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a 10-week body stability exercise program, which was conducted on 24 male football players. The result of the Visual Response Speed Test using BlazePod, showed a significant increase of the upper arms, left foot and right foot for 15 second in number of reactions and reaction time (p<0.001). As a result of evaluating whether or not 7 functional movements were improved in order to evaluate the functional movement screen, Hurdle Step (p=0.001) and Active Straight Leg Rise (p=0.022) movements were significantly improved. significantly improved. As a result of measuring the y-balance Test in order to evaluate the balance ability, composite score(p<0.001) of both sides was significantly improved. The result of evaluating vital capacity, which was conducted to evaluate mobility and muscle endurance, showed a significant improvement in Forced vital capacity(p<0.001) and Forced expiratory volume in 1.0(p=0.003). In conclusion, a 10-week BSE program intervention in high school period, which can most improve the technical fitness necessary for the game in power, agility, leg strength, leg stability, mobility, and muscle endurance, will improve overall technical fitness, prevent football players from being injured and enhance their performance.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2001

Purpose : This describes our experience with a tenocutaneous free flap from the dorsum of the foot or radial forearm to reconstruct the dorsal skin and extensor tendons of the hand. Material and Methods : Between february 1987 and July 1998, we treated 9 patients with composite tissue loss on the dorsal hand caused by crushing injury. Nine men had an average age of 26.4 years(range, $19{\sim}47$). We treated 5 patients with the free dorsalis pedis flap including the extensor tendons and the superficial peroneal nerve and 4 patients with reverse forearm flap including the brachioradialis tendon and/or superficial radial nerve. Flap size was average 4.4(3,2cm. Evaluation of the results was based on the survived flap rate, the recovery rates for range of motion of the metacarpophalageal joints in the operated fingers. two-point discrimination. Results : All flaps were well vascularized and survived completely. Recovery rates for range of motion of the metacarpophalageal joints in operated fingers range from $78%{\sim}99%$(average, 90%). Two-point discrimination of the transferred flaps in 5 patients average $20{\pm}3.5mm$. Conclusion : The advantages of this procedure are mass action reconstruction with tendon, one-stage operation, faster healing with less adhesion formation, and early mobilization.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.77-91
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• 2002

Asymmetrical stance posture, balance, and gait disturbance are common problems in hemiplegic patients. Posterior leaf springs (PLS) are frequently prescribed to correct these problems. Recently, anterior leaf springs (ALS) have also been prescribed, but only limited studies have been performed to investigate the effects of ALS. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three conditions, i.e., wearing an ALS, wearing a PLS, and not wearing an AFO (ankle foot orthosis),: on 1) the distribution of weight bearing on the affected side, 2) standing balance, and 3) the gait patterns of hemiplegic patients. Eleven hemiplegic patients (10 men and 1 woman) participated in this study. The data were analyzed by the Friedman test. The results were as follows: 1) More weight bearing on the affected leg was observed in the ALS and PLS conditions than in the condition without an AFO. No significant difference between the ALS and PLS conditions was found. 2) There were statistically significant differences in the composite equilibrium scores (CES) among the three conditions. The CES in the PLS condition was significantly higher than in the ALS condition or the condition without an AFO. 3) Gait patterns improved significantly in the ALS and PLS conditions. No statistically significant difference between the ALS and PLS conditions was found. These results suggest that both ALS and PLS effectively improve the distribution of weight bearing on the affected side, standing balance, and gait patterns of hemiplegic patients. Further study using three-dimensional kinematic analysis and dynamic electromyography is needed to support these findings.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.8-13
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• 2010

Satellite structure should be designed to accommodate and support safely the payload and equipments necessary for its own missions and to secure satellite and payloads from severe launch environments. The launch environments imposed on satellites are quasi-static accelerations, aerodynamic loads, acoustic loads and shock loads. Especially when optical payload is accommodated, satellite structure usually adopts the optical bench consisting of composite material not only to support and secure but also to guarantee good pointing stability against extreme thermal environments. This paper deals with optical bench and support structure which shall be designed to minimize the loads transferred to optical payloads from satellite.