• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.553-564
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• 2013

The core ingredient of traditional Korean style soy sauce is soy bean without any wheat or rice incorporated. National brands as well as regional micro-brewed companies constitute the soy sauce market in Korea. The present study investigated the physico-chemical and sensory properties of soy sauces produced by small-scale or mass-production. Additionally, the key physico-chemical parameters sufficiently representing the critical sensory characteristics have been identified. Ten types of soy sauce brewed by the Korean traditional method were selected for the study. Among these samples, seven types were brewed in small-scales in the Gyeonggi-do region whereas the other 3 types were mass-production products of major national brands. The total solid, reducing sugar, salinity, sugar content, amino nitrogen, CIELAB, acidity, and pH of soy sauce samples were measured for the physico-chemical analysis. A generic descriptive analysis was conducted to analyze the sensory characteristics of the samples using six trained panelists. The descriptive panel developed 21 sensory attributes. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, PCA and PLSR. Overall, the micro-brewed products showed significantly higher value of salinity and acidity but lower content of reducing sugar than the mass-production products. The micro-brewed soy sauces elicited stronger fermented flavor, sourness, and bitterness whereas the national brand products elicited stronger alcoholic odor, sweetness and umami taste. Sugar content, acidity, and amino nitrogen showed strong relationships with fish sauce flavor, umami taste, and rich flavor. Salinity was closely related to the overall flavor intensity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to obtain information related to life style characteristics, school achievement and snacking behaviors among underweight and overweight adolescents in Ulsan area. The survey was carried out by self-questionnaires with 464 adolescents (333 underweight and 131 overweight). The results were as follows: Average BMI of the subjects was $19.81{\pm}3.10\;kg/m^2$ which was normal range, but average BMI of underweight and overweight were $16.90{\pm}1.19\;kg/m^2$ and $25.38{\pm}2.16\;kg/m^2$ respectively. The 49.5% of underweight and 94.7% of overweight students have correct perception about their body image. In the sleeping time, 58.9% of underweight and 66.4% of overweight students go to bed after PM 12 o'clock. In the regularity of eating breakfast, 68.5% of underweight and 67.9% of overweight students skipping breakfast at least 5 times per week. 32.6% of the subjects had snack once or more a day. Underweight students had more frequently ate snack than overweight students. The criteria of choosing snack were taste (77.4%), nutrition (9.3%), and price (6.3%). Food as snack they frequently had fruits, milk & milk products, cookies in order. Underweight students had more dodkboki & sundae, candy & chocolate and cake & bread than overweight students, although overweight students had more milk & yogurt than underweight students. The group who had a higher school record, they significantly had more fruits, milk & milk products (p < 0.01) and had not less nutritious foods (p < 0.001). This study may provide basic information on weight status, sleeping and snacking behaviors of adolescents. Therefore they should have nutrition education program to improve their life style and snacking patterns for underweight and overweight adolescents toward healthy weight.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.570-577
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bone mineral density on life styles, dietary habits and nutrient intakes among the male college students. The subjects were divided into four groups; $Q_1$ (calcaneus BMD < 25 percentile, n = 117), $Q_2$ (25 percentile $\le$ calcaneus BMD < 50 percentile, n = 118), $Q_3$ (50 percentile $\le$ calcaneus BMD < 75 percentile, n = 118) $Q_4$ (calcaneus BMD $\ge$ 75 percentile, n = 116). And they were asked about general characteristics, life style, dietary habit, and nutrient intake using questionnaire and 24-hr recall method. They were measured the bone mineral density of calcaneus using quantitative ultrasound. The average age of the subjects of the study was 23.0 yews and the average height, weight, and BMI were 174.7 cm, 69.0 kg, $22.5 kg/m^2$. The bone mineral density in calcaneus was $0.43 g/cm^2$ in $Q_1,\;0.50 g/cm^2$ in $Q_2,\;0.56 g/cm^2$ in $Q_3$, and $0.69 g/cm^2$ in $Q_4$ (p < 0.001). The results showed that $Q_1$ tended to have irregular exercise compared to the other three groups. Compared with $Q_1$ and $Q_2$, the frequency of skipping breakfast was lower in $Q_3$ and $Q_4$. Also the results showed that the $Q_4$ was significantly more often to drink coffee compared with the other three groups (p < 0.01). The mean daily energy intake was 2210.6 kcal ($88.4\%$ of RDA). The intake of energy, vitamin $B_2$, calcium, and zinc did not meet the Korean RDA. Also the $Q_2$consumed significantly lower intakes of protein (p < 0.05) and plant protein (p < 0.05) compared to the $Q_3$ and $Q_4$. The $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ consumed significantly lower intakes of vitamin $B_2$ (p < 0.01) compared to the $Q_3$ and $Q_4$. In conclusion, male student in lower bone mineral density appeared to have unhealthy life styles and dietary habits in terms of irregular exercise, high frequency of skipping breakfast and lower intakes of protein, vitamin $B_2$ showing a strong need proper education on meal practices and exercise habits for the bone health.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.69-73
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• 2001

Two opioid peptides, YPLDL and YPLDLF, were isolated from enzymatic digests of spinach ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) and named rubiscolin-5 and -6, respectively. These peptides were selective for delta-receptor and the latter was about 3 times more potent than the former. After oral administration in mice at the dose of 100 mg/kg, rubiscolin-6 showed analgesic activity in tail pinch test. It also stimutated learning performance at the same dose in passive avoidance experiment using step-through apparatus. An immunostimulating peptide, MITLAIPVNKPGR, was isolated from a trypsin digest of soybean protein and named soymetide. Immunostimulating activy of soymetide was mediated by fMLP receptor. Interestingly, after oral administration in rats at a dose of 300 mg/kg (po.), soymetide-4 (MITL) protected alopecia (hair-loss) induced by etoposide, a cancer chemotherapy agent. Stimulation of IL-1 release by the peptide was involved in the mechanism. Ovokinin(2-7), RADHPF, is a vasorelaxing peptide released from ovalbumin by the action of chymotrypsin. It lowered blood pressure of spontaneously hypersensive rats (SHR) after oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg. RPLKPW, which was designed by replacing 4 amino acid residues in ovokinin(2-7), exhibited hypotensive activity at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg (po.). This peptides was introduced into 3 homologous sites in soybean beta-conglycinin alpha' subunit by site-directed mutagenesis of the cDNA and expressed in E. coli. The minimum effective dose for hypotensive activity of the genetically modified beta-conglycinin alpha' subunit was 10 mg/kg (po.), which is about 1/200 that of ovalbumin.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Objectives : Vertigo is a sensation of spinning while stationary. It is commonly associated with nausea or vomiting, unsteadiness (postural instability), falls. It can affect a person's thoughts and life style. Recurrent episodes in those with vertigo are common and frequently impair the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical effects of herbal medicine on vertigo.Methods : We employed oriental medical treatments; herbal-medication (Banhabaekchulcheonma-tang gamibang), acupuncture and moxibustion. At the same time, the blood cupping therapy in the neck area was applied. We treated the patients two or three times a week with oriental therapy methods. They took medicine three times a day after a meal. During taking medicine, we let the patients avoid fatty food, flour based food, and alcohol. We determined the course of treatment with visual analogue scale (VAS). We let them respond to a VAS item between 0 and 10 point continuously. The symptoms that we evaluated were vertigo, headache, chest discomfort, nausea and vomiting.Results : After taking treatment - acupuncture and moxibustion during some period and taking herbal-medicine, the VAS scale was gradually getting decreased. Generally the symptom of vomitting and nausea was eased at first, and then the symptom of chest discomfort, headache, vertigo was relieved.Conclusions : Banhabaekchulcheonma-tang gamibang was effective in the treatment of vertigo and its related symptoms, headache, chest discomfort, nausea and vomiting.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.481-495
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of socio-demographic and health-related perceptions and twenty dietary behaviors on the superiority and preference, convenient use of and purchase motives of vegetables among 370 women(mean age 43.9) in Seoul and metropolitan and Gangwon area. Data was collected using a questionnaire developed in advanced studies. Almost all subjects rated vegetables more predominantly than grains or meats on the basis of health, diversity, and convenience to purchase. Recognition of healthly funcions of diet, purpose of diet and some dietary behaviors had influence on preference for vegetables. Those who recognized that diet had the function of disease control and prevention, knew the healthy options vegetables provide us, such as, preventing us from geriatric diseases, good sources of vitamins and minerals and considered other motives aside from health issues. From Pearsons's correlation analysis, it was revealed that sufficient time for meal preparation and pleasant eating and desirable life style and dietary attitudes, and a better understanding of nutrition were positively correlated with consumption of more vegetables and convenient use of vegetables. The subjects who recognized the ability of food to help prevent diseases, had a preference for vegetables and attitude to use nutritional knowledge and also considered the nutrition values of vegetables and environment friendliness. Everyday use of vegetables such as consuming a variety of different vegetables, a families favorite vegetables and variation of cooking methods had correlated positively with purchase motives. Therefore to encourage consumption of vegetables, it is important to notice three points continuously; first, practical information of nutritive values of vegetables, the contribution of vegetables in current animal protein foods centered diet and healthful functionalities. Second, the importance of regular diet and steadfast attitude and lifestyle. Finally, the quality of the market where the products are bought such as, quality control of freshness, sanitation, expression of producer and a pleasant environment to shop in.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2002

Objectives : To investigate the fetal cholesterol levels and related factors in a rural adult population. Methods : 3,207 adults(1,272 men and 1,935 women) were examined in 1997 Their heights, weights, and fasting serum total cholesterol levels were measured, and their body mass indices were calculated. A questionnaire interviewing method was used to collect risk factor data. Results : The mean value of total cholesterol were 190.5 mg/dl, and 198.8 mg/dl, and the age-adjusted prevalence rates for hypercholesterolemia (above 240 mg/dl) were 13.7% and 10.2%, in men and women, respectively. From simple analyses, age, educational level, coffee intake, amount of meat and food intake, waist circumference, waist-hip circumference ratio(WHR), and body mass index(BMI) were significant risk factors in men (p<0.05) relating to serum total cholesterol levels. In women, age, educational level, hypertension history, diabetes history, herbal drug history, amount of feed intake, alcohol consumption, waist circumference, WHR, BMI, and menopausal status were significant risk factors (p<0.05). In multiple linear regression analyses, waist circumference (p<0.01), BMI (p<0.01), and coffee intake (p<0.05) proved to be significant risk factors in men. Whereas, menopausal status (p<0.01), BMI (p<0.01), herbal drug history (p<0.01), amount of food intake (p<0.05), waist circumference (p<0.05), and alcohol consumption (p<0.05) were significant risk factors in women. Conclusions : The significant risk factors, for both men and women, relating to the serum total cholesterol were waist circumference and BMI. Thus, for the reduction of serum total cholesterol level, it is recommended that health education for the control of obesity should be implemented.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8391-8396
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• 2016

Thailand is becoming an aging society, this presenting as a serious problem situation especially regarding health. Chronic diseases found frequently in the elderly may be related to dietary intake and life style. Surin province has been reported as a risk area for liver fluke with a high incidence of cholangiocarcinma especially in the elderly. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nutritional status and associated factors among elderly in Surin province, northeast of Thailand. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 people aged 60 years and above, between September 2012 and July 2014. The participants were selected through a randomized systematic sampling method and completed a pre-designed questionnaire with general information, food recorded, weight, height, waist circumference, and behavior regarding to food consume related to liver fluke infection. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The majority of participants was female (63.5%), age between 60-70 years old (75.6%), with elementary school education (96.6%), living with their (78.9%), and having underlying diseases (38.3%). Carbohydrate (95.3%) was need to improve the consumption. The participants demonstrated under-nutrition (24.4%), over-nutrition (16.4%), and obesity (15.4%). Elderly had a waist circumference as the higher than normal level (34.0%). Gender, female, age 71-80 years old, elementary school and underlying diseases were significantly associated with poor nutritional status. The majority of them had a high knowledge (43.0%), moderate attitude (44.4%), and moderate practice (46.2%) regarding food consumption related to liver fluke infection. In conclusion, these findings data indicated that elderly age group often have an under- or over-nutritional status. Carbohydrate consumption needs to be improved. Some elderly show behavior regarding food consumption that is related to liver fluke infection hat needs to be improved, so that health education pertaining good nutrition is required.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.940-955
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree nutrient intake, health status and other characteristics of females aged 65 years and over in a longevity area according to family arrangement. For analysis, 585 female elderly were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to family arrangement (living alone, living with spouse only and living with family). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment. In the group living with their spouse only, the highest education, physical activity, diverse food intake, frequency of eating meats and fish, energy and nutrients intake, and score on the mininutrient status assessment (MNA) were found to be significantly favorable factors. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the group living with their spouse only had relatively superior nutrient intake and the quality of diet. In contrast, the group living alone showed the lowest self-rated economic status, diversity of food intake, and physical activity, with the highest frequency of drinking, smoking and regular exercise for almost everyday compared with the other groups. On the other hand, those living with family demonstrated the lowest intake of supplements or functional foods, and levels of hemoglobin hematocrit MCH, but the highest HBA1c and blood sugar. Therefore, the group living with family was assumed to be at risk of anemia and diabetes. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy of Korean elderly people living in rural areas, according to family arrangement.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.60-72
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine differences in eating-out, dietary life styles, and healthy dietary competencies among middle-aged consumers according to obesity status and gender for implications of consumer education. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2016 Food Consumption Behavior Survey, and 3,022 subjects (mail 1,388; female 1,634) who were middle-aged adults were investigated. Analysis of variance with $Scheff\acute{e}$ test, t-test, $x^2$-test, and factor analysis were performed using SPSS v.24. Results: Males showed less interest in diet than females. For both males and females, higher BMI degrees were associated with higher levels of interest in diet. For frequency, monthly average consumption expenditure, one-time cost for eating out, and drinking frequency, males showed higher levels than females. Especially for the male group, higher obesity status was associated with higher levels of eating out and drinking. Dietary lifestyles of males and females turned out to be very similar. For the male group, normal weight group was more likely to show 'health and high quality pursuit dietary life-style' than the other groups. For females, the normal weight group were more likely to show 'health and high quality pursuit dietary life-style' and 'safety pursuit dietary life-style' than the other groups. The level of 'healthy dietary competence' for females was found to be higher than that for males. For the female group, there were significant differences according to obesity status, and practice was more important than knowledge in determining a healthy dietary life. Conclusion: For dietary life-related education for obese middle-aged consumers, it is important to emphasize less eating-out and drinking and less overeating while eating-out based on the results that eating-out, drinking, and overeating in the obesity group were significantly higher than in the normal group. It is important to focus on the value of dietary life and diverse foods, based on the results that the obesity group was less likely to be have healthy dietary lifestyles and consume less diverse foods than the normal group.