• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2020

The study was conducted to observe the effects of compost of faecal sludge (FSC) and food waste (FWC) on seed germination and initial growth performance of Acacia auriculiformis and Swietenia mahagoni seedlings at the nursery of Chittagong University, Bangladesh. Before sowing the seeds, different combinations of FSC and FWC were incorporated with nutrient-deficient natural forest soils. Seed germination and growth parameters of seedlings were recorded after two, three and four month of seed sowing. We observed that seed germination (%) and seedlings growth parameters varied significantly (p<0.05) in the soil added with FSC and FWC in comparison to control. The highest germination was observed 88.89% for A. auriculiformis in combination of soil and FSC at 3:1 and 92.59% for S. mahagoni where soil combined with FWC at 4:1. The seedling biomass and other growth parameters of A. auriculiformis and S. mahagoni was also observed with combinations of soil with FSC 3:1 and soil with FWC 4:1. Therefore, the study revealed that the compost of both FS and FW can be a good soil conditioner for the initial growth of forest seedlings and the proven combinations can help to grow quality seedlings in the nursery.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2024

This study investigated the chemical properties of Organic Soil Amendments (OSAs) made from organic waste. It also assessed the effectiveness of using these OSAs in the soil layer of Green Infrastructure (GI) to reduce stormwater runoff and non-point source pollutants. The goal was to improve the national environmental value through resource recycling and contribute to the circular economy transformation and carbon neutrality of urban GI. The OSAs used in this study consisted of spent coffee grounds and food waste compost. They were found to be nutrient-rich and stable as artificial soils, indicating their potential use in the soil layer of GI facilities. Applying OSAs to bio-retention cells and permeable pavement resulted in a reduction of approximately 11-17% in stormwater runoff and a decrease of about 16-18% in Total Phosphorus (TP) discharge in the target area. Increasing the proportion of food waste compost in the OSAs had a positive impact on reducing stormwater runoff and pollutant emissions. This study highlights the importance of utilizing recycled resources and can serve as a foundation for future research, such as establishing parameters for assessing the effectiveness of GI facilities through experiments. To enable more accurate analysis, it is recommended to conduct studies that consider both the chemical and biological aspects of substance transfer in OSAs.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1997년도 추계 국제학술심포지움 논문집
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• pp.3-31
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• 1997

Water has always played a significant role in the lives of people. In urbanised Rome, with its million people. sophisticated supply systems developed and then fled with the empire. only to be rediscovered later But it was the industrial Revolution commencing in the eighteenth century that ushered in major paradigm shifts In use and altitudes towards water. Rapid and concentrated urbanisation brought problems of expanded demands for drinking supplies, waste management and disease. The strategy of using water from local streams, springs and village wells collapsed under the onslaughts of rising urban demands and pollution due to poor waste disposal practices. Expanding travel (railways. and steamships) aided the spread of disease. In England. public health crises peaks, related to water-borne typhoid and the three major cholera outbreaks occurred in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century respectively. Technological, engineering and institutional responses were successful in solving the public health problem. it is generally accepted that the putting of water into pipe networks both for a clean drinking supply, as well as using it as a transport medium for removal of human and other wastes, played a significant role in towering death rates due to waterborne diseases such as cholera and typhoid towards the end of the nineteenth century. Today, similar principles apply. A recent World Bank report Indicates that there can be upto 76％ reduction in illness when major water and sanitation improvements occur in developing countries. Water management, technology and thinking in Australia were relatively stable in the twentieth century up to the mid to late 1970s. Groundwater sources were investigated and developed for towns and agriculture. Dams were built, and pipe networks extended both for supply and waste water management. The management paradigms in Australia were essentially extensions of European strategies with the minor adaptions due to climate and hydrogeology. During the 1970s and 1980s in Australia, it was realised increasingly that a knowledge of groundwater and hydrogeological processes were critical to pollution prevention, the development of sound waste management and the problems of salinity. Many millions of dollars have been both saved and generated as a consequence. This is especially in relation to domestic waste management and the disposal of aluminium refinery waste in New South Wales. Major institutional changes in public sector water management are occurring in Australia. Upheveals and change have now reached ail states in Australia with various approaches being followed. Market thinking, corporatisation, privatisation, internationalisation, downsizing and environmental pressures are all playing their role in this paradigm shift. One casualty of this turmoil is the progressive erosion of the public sector skillbase and this may become a serious issue should a public health crisis occur such as a water borne disease. Such crises have arisen over recent times. A complete rethink of the urban water cycle is going on right now in Australia both at the State and Federal level. We are on the threshold of significant change in how we use and manage water, both as a supply and a waste transporter in Urban environments especially. Substantial replacement of the pipe system will be needed in 25 to 30 years time and this will cost billions of dollars. The competition for water between imgation needs and environmental requirements in Australia and overseas will continue to be an issue in rural areas. This will be especially heightened by the rising demand for irrigation produced food as the world's population grows. Rapid urbanisation and industrialisation in the emerging S.E Asian countries are currently producing considerable demands for water management skills and Infrastructure development. This trend e expected to grow. There are also severe water shortages in the Middle East to such an extent that wars may be fought over water issues. Environmental public health crises and shortages will help drive the trends.

• 한국키틴키토산학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2018

음식물쓰레기 분해용 균주를 선발하기 위하여 전통발효식품과 토양으로부터 내염성, 내열성을 갖는 균주 분리를 시도하였으며, protease, amylase, cellulase 및 lipase의 효소활성도를 평가하였다. 5% NA 배지에서 분리된 균주는 212종이었으며, 전통발효식품의 경우 4가지 효소활성을 가지고, 토양의 경우 2가지 이상의 효소활성을 가지며, 억제환이 15 mm 이상의 크기를 지닌 79종의 균주를 우선 선발하였다. 선발된 균주를 대상으로 분자유전학적 동정을 진행한 결과, 중복성을 배제하여 11종의 균주를 최종적으로 선발하여 혼합균주로 사용하였다. 혼합균주의 최적 배양조건으로는 배양시간은 24시간, 배양온도는 $30^{\circ}C$ 그리고 pH의 최적 조건은 7.0 부근인 것으로 확인되었다. 최적배양된 혼합균주 처리에 따른 음식물쓰레기 분해능 평가 결과 멸균수 첨가군은 10 mesh ($2000{\mu}m$)에서 103 g, 혼합균주 첨가군은 10 mesh ($2000{\mu}m$)에서 18 g인 것으로 보아 혼합균주로 나타나 음식물의 고형분의 입자가 액상으로 분해되었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2001

굴통조림 가공부산액 (세척수 및 자숙수)을 효율적으로 이용하기 위하여 굴통조림 가공부산액을 이용한 인스턴트 분말수프의 제조를 시도하였다. 대조구인 굴 열수추출물 유래 분말수프는 열수추출물 분말에 일정량의 식염, 크림분말, 유장분말, 밀가루, 옥수수분말, 전분, 포도당, 양파가루를 각각 혼합하여 제조하였다. 굴통조림 가공부산액 유래 혼합분말수프는 열수추출물 유래 분말 및 식염대신에 세척액 및 자숙수 유래 혼합분말 (자숙액 유래 분말 : 세척액 유래 분말=12:8)을 첨가하고, 기타 첨가물의 경우 굴열수추출물 유래 분말수프와 같은 비율로 첨기하여 제조하였다. 굴통조림 가공부산액 유래 혼합분말수프는 탄수화물이 $72\%$ 부근으로 거의 대부분을 차지하였고, 다음으로 조단백질 (약 $10\%$), 조회분 (약 $8\%$) 및 조지방 (약 $8\%$)의 순이었으며, 대조구인 열수추출물 분말수프와 차이가 없었다. 굴통조림 가공부산액 유래 혼합분말수프는 휘발성염기질소, 생균수, 대장균군 및 수분찬성이 각각 33.4mg/100g, $2.2\times10^4CFU/g$, <18MPN/100g 및 0.257이어서, 위생적으로 안전한 인스턴트 식품이었다. 굴통조림 가공부산액 유래 혼합분말수프의 주요 지방산은 16:0 ($31.5\%$), 18:0 ($10.5\%$) 및 18:1n-9 ($27.6\%$) 등이었고, 단백질의 화학가는 $61.4\%$이었으며, 주요 무기질은 철이었다. 관능적 평가 결과 열수추출물 분만수프에 대하여 혼합분말수프의 경우 향은 약간 낮았으나, 맛은 오히려 우수하였다. 이상의 이화학적 및 관능적 검사 결과로 미루어 보아 식염 함량이 많아 대부분이 폐기되고 있는 자숙수의 경우도 분말 화하여 세척수유래 분말과 적절히 혼합하여 식염농도를 조절하면 우수한 인스턴트 분말수프의 소재로 이용 가능하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2010

Low Calorific Gas Turbine (LCGT) has been developed as a next generation power system using landfill gas (LFG) and biogas made from various organic wastes, food Waste, waste water and Livestock biogas. Low calorific fuel purification by pretreatment system and carbon dioxide fixation by green house system are very important design target for the optimum applications of LCGT. Main troubles of Low Calorific Gas Turbine system was derived from the impurities such as hydro sulfide, siloxane, water contained in biogas. Even if the quality of the bio fuel is not better than natural gas, LCGT may take low quality gas fuel and environmental friendly power system. The mechanical characterisitics of LCGT system is a high energy efficiency (>70%), wide range of output power (30 kW - 30 MW class) and very clean emission from power system (low NOx). A green house has been designed for four different carbon dioxide concentration from ambient air to 2000 ppm by utilizing the exhaust gas and hot water from LCGT system. LCGT is expected to contribute achieving the target of Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS).

• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2012

본 연구는 음식물류 폐기물의 처리과정에서 발생하는 음식물류 폐수를 생활폐기물 소각시설에서 생활폐기물과 음식물류폐수를 혼합하여 소각처리 방법과 소각시 음식물류 폐수를 이용한 질소산화물 제거 및 배출가스의 영향등을 조사하였다. 해양투기용으로 발생된 음식물류폐기물 폐수는 성상이 94-96%의 함수율을 갖고 있다. 음식물류폐기물 폐수를 주입하였을 때 소각로 출구 온도는 $897^{\circ}C$이였으며, 평상시는 $925^{\circ}C$로 약 $28^{\circ}C$도 떨어졌다. 음식물류폐기물 폐수를 각각 $200{\ell}/hr$, $300{\ell}/hr$ 투입시 질소산화물의 평균배출농도는 각각 50ppm, 46ppm 이었다. 연관식 폐열보일러는 음식물류 폐수의 투입량이 많을수록 튜브 막힘 현상이 있었으며, 막힘 튜브는 압축공기를 이용한 튜브 청소로 원상태를 유지 할 수 있어 연속적 소각에는 방해가 되지 않았다. 유기성 폐기물인 음식물류 폐수의 자원화 처리방법과 더불어 기존 소각시설을 이용한 소각처리가 육상처리의 한 방법으로 자리매김 할 수 있으며, 소각시 배출가스의 질소산화물이 제거됨으로써 질소산화물 제거용 암모니아, 요소수 등 화학약품비용 절감하는 효과도 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.106-117
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• 2012

건조과정에서 시료의 순환과 낙하이동에 따른 건조효과를 평가하기 위하여 음식물류폐기물 8,000kg을 간접건조방식의 건조기에 투입하고 회전스크류 가동시와 미가동시에 대하여 수분함량, 건조율, 평균입자크기 및 입도분포, 증발수분량 및 건조효율을 비교하였다. 음식물류폐기물의 초기 수분함량은 77.1%로서, 회전스크류 가동시에는 가동 후 5시간 만에 수분함량이 14.4%로 낮아진 반면에 미가동시에는 16시간을 가동시켜도 수분함량 35.6%에 머물고 있어 시료의 순환과 낙하이동이 건조효과 상승에 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다. 건조시작 후 점성구간 도달 이전에는 입자크기가 증가하면서 수분증발률은 최대치를 보인다. 점성구간에서는 입자크기가 최대치를 나타내나 수분증발률은 급감하기 시작하며, 점성구간 이후에는 입자크기와 수분증발률이 동시에 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 자유수 증발량과 각 구간에서의 점성차이에 기인한 것으로 여겨진다. 평균 입자크기는 가동 후 지속적으로 증가하여 점성구간인 수분함량 70%-60% 범위에서 최대치를 보인 후 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나 평균 입자크기의 변화정도는 회전스크류 가동방식에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 또한 회전스크류 가동시 입도분포는 25.0mm에서 0.25mm까지 폭넓게 분포하는 반면에 미가동시에는 25.0mm에서 3.56mm까지 의 좁은 입도분포와 25.0mm이상의 입자크기에 집중되고 있다. 회전스크류 가동으로 건조효율에 미치는 효과를 회전스크류 미가동시와 비교하면 시간당 증발수분량은 364%, DS(Dry Solid)당 증발수분량은 356%나 증가한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.125-136
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• 1990

To develope a rapid processing method for fish sauce, processing conditions of fish sauce from sardine waste was investigated. The chopped waste was homogenized and hydrolyzed by commercial proteolytic enzymes such as Complex enzyme-2000($2.18\cdot10^4$ U/g solid) and Alcalase($1.94\cdot10^4$ U/g solid) in a cylindrical vessel with 4 baffles and 6-bladed turbine impeller. Optimal temperature for the case of hydrolysis with Complex enzyme-2000 was 50 and that with Alcalase was $55^{\circ}C$. In both cases, the reasonable pH, amount of water for homo-genization, enzyme concentration and hydrolyzing time were 8.0, $40\%$ (W/W), $3\%$ and 100 min, respectively. Heating of the filtrated hydrolysate for 2 hours at $90^{\circ}C$ with $6\%$ of invert sugar was suitable for pasteurization of the hydrolysate and inactivation of enzymes. Flavor, taste and color of the hydrolysate was improved during the thermal treatment in which the browning reaction products might participate and result in antioxidative and bactericidal effects. Combined use of $0.005\%$ of Caryophylli flos with invert sugar was also effective for the improvement of taste. Yield of the fish sauce based on the total nitrogen in the raw sardine waste was $91.2\~92.3\%$ and $87.2\~87.8\%$ of the total nitrogen in the fish sauce was in the form of amino nitrogen. The pH, salinity and histamine content of the fish sauce prepared with $15\%$ of table salt were $6.1\~6.2$, $14.2\~14.4\%$ and less than $10mg\%$, respectively. The fish sauce was stable during the storage of 60 days at $26\pm3^{\circ}C$ on bacterial growth and its quality was also maintained.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2016

Here, we introduce a means of utilizing waste oyster shells which were obtained from temporary storage near coastal workplaces as $CO_2$ adsorbents. The calcined CaO can be easily dissociated to $Ca^{2+}$ cation and $CO_3{^{2-}}$ anion by hydrolysis and gas-liquid carbonation reaction and converted to precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) in algae-containing water. The calcium hydroxide and carbonation combination in algae-containing water significantly contributed to improving water quality which is very dependent on the addition amount of calcined powders.