• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.2_spc
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• pp.337-345
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• 2024

Ruminants possess a specialized four-compartment forestomach, consisting of the reticulum, rumen, omasum, and abomasum. The rumen, the primary fermentative chamber, harbours a dynamic ecosystem comprising bacteria, protozoa, fungi, archaea, and bacteriophages. These microorganisms engage in diverse ecological interactions within the rumen microbiome, primarily benefiting the host animal by deriving energy from plant material breakdown. These interactions encompass symbiosis, such as mutualism and commensalism, as well as parasitism, predation, and competition. These ecological interactions are dependent on many factors, including the production of diverse molecules, such as those involved in quorum sensing (QS). QS is a density-dependent signalling mechanism involving the release of autoinducer (AIs) compounds, when cell density increases AIs bind to receptors causing the altered expression of certain genes. These AIs are classified as mainly being N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL; commonly used by Gram-negative bacteria) or autoinducer-2 based systems (AI-2; used by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria); although other less common AI systems exist. Most of our understanding of QS at a gene-level comes from pure culture in vitro studies using bacterial pathogens, with much being unknown on a commensal bacterial and ecosystem level, especially in the context of the rumen microbiome. A small number of studies have explored QS in the rumen using 'omic' technologies, revealing a prevalence of AI-2 QS systems among rumen bacteria. Nevertheless, the implications of these signalling systems on gene regulation, rumen ecology, and ruminant characteristics are largely uncharted territory. Metatranscriptome data tracking the colonization of perennial ryegrass by rumen microbes suggest that these chemicals may influence transitions in bacterial diversity during colonization. The likelihood of undiscovered chemicals within the rumen microbial arsenal is high, with the identified chemicals representing only the tip of the iceberg. A comprehensive grasp of rumen microbial chemical signalling is crucial for addressing the challenges of food security and climate targets.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2001

The water celery, Oenanthe javanica DC., is widely distributed in Korea and the other South East Asian countries. From ancient times, the water celery has widely been used for food or medicine. In herbal medicine, the water celery has a medical actions which are defervescence, diuresis, hypotensor, appetizer. Recently, studies on the water celery are briskly being conducted. For example, studies on the morphologic property and classifications of origin of the water celery, studies on the chemical constituents of the Water celery, studies on the bio activities of the water celery which contains flavonoids. However, there is not studies of hematological changes in dogs administrated the water celery until now. Consicontly, this study was conducted to observe the hematological changes in dogs administrated excessive amount of the water celery concentrated extract for a long period. In this studies, all dogs showed significantly decrease of the RBC, PCV, Hb and MCHC, and increase of the WBC, MCV, GSH and reticulocytes, but did not significantly change in the Met-Hb.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.155-170
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• 2004

In a study, the selection of a relevant methodology cannot be determined without an effort First of all, the philosophical view or understanding of the nature of a study area will be agreed, based on which a series of judgment will be performed on a process identifying a foundation or a validity of a knowledge. The findings are as follows. First, it analyzed the trend of food serviceㆍculinary art-related studies by subject and examined its awareness. The most studies are related to trend analysisㆍfood service, 104 papers, following by financial and strategic fulfillment, 76 papers. Service quality and customer-related studies are 38, individual and organization-related studies are 31 papers, education training 18 papers, while legal review are only 2 papers. Second, for trend analysis and awareness on study methodology, research study is at the first, 39%, following by literature study, 38.7%. Most studies are performed research and literature studies together.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2003

The present paper reviews the notion and comparison of the Korea Food and Drug Administration(KFDA) general pharmacology and the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) safety pharmacology. General pharmacology or safety pharmacology is termed the study to determine the potential of a compound to induce adverse pharmacological effects. KFDA general pharmacology studies have been considered an important component in drug safety assessment and these were originally referred to those designed to examine effects other than the primary therapeutics effect of a drug candidate. The KFDA notified the Guideline for General Pharmacology in 1997. Safety pharmacology studies were focused on identifying adverse effects on physiological functions. In the ICH came into place S7A Safety Pharmacology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals in 2001. A new chemical entity should be assessed for its side effects, initially in those physiological systems which are generally agreed to be the key systems that are essential for life; these "core system" include the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and respiratory system in safety pharmacology studies. These studies should be performed in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1995

Studies were carried out to report breeding procedure and characteristics of Fb, a strain of silkworm with abnormal food habit polyphagous. Selection was continued up to the 14th generation toward higher incidence of cabbage leaves feeding variants. In the autumn of 1992(7th generation), selected strain were subjected to severe selection by feeding them on artificial diet that did not contain mulberry leaf powder. The results were clearly positive and reached to higher than 95% of cabbage feeding in the 14th generation. This strain was first discovered by feeding cabbage leaves, but later they were observed to eat some kind of plants like lettuce, Chinese cabbage, radish, beet, apple, persimmon, pear, etc. As described above the procedure, cabbage feeding trait was clearly heritable. The strain responsible for this traits was named Fb.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 2015

The beneficial effects of probiotics on human health have been extensively studied. Strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have gained considerable attention, as they are major groups of probiotic bacteria that improve gastrointestinal health. Recently, probiotics have been found to have positive effects on obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) that go beyond the improvement of gut health. Probiotics can alter the secretion of substances such as leptin and adiponectin from white adipose tissue via certain mechanisms. Additionally, probiotics can modulate the adaptive immune system against low-grade inflammation caused by obesity. The potential role of probiotics in the treatment of T2D has garnered interest because of increasing evidence of the anti-diabetic effect of probiotics. In this review, we discuss the results of in vivo studies that have examined the use of probiotics to prevent obesity and T2D, while primarily focusing on the studies that explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of promising probiotic strains. The conclusions of this review could be of help to researchers who are investigating the effects of probiotics on obesity or T2D, and to patients with these diseases.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.10
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• pp.219-238
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• 1999

Obestity, characterized by an excess accumulation of fat, is a detriment to good health and wellbeing. It is easy for individuals to take on excess fat as soon as enough food and leisure are available in a society, causing an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Although there has been disagreement as to which side of this energy equation is more important in th epidemic of obesity, both sides are certainly involved. I think the prevalence of obesity begins with infancy. It seems to be relatively constant throughout childhood. Some retrospective studies have suggested that there is a direct progression from a fat chile to a fat adult. Obesity has been associated with excess mortality in many studies. The effect of obesity on cardiovascular disease has not always been an independent one, but has generally been through exacerbation of other rish factors such as hypertention, diabetes, hyperlipedmia, galbladder disease, gout and cancer of the grease and endometrium. The weights of identical twins raised in separate homes have been reported to be similar, thereby suggesting that heredity contributes significantly to weight. Overweight and obesity are by far greater health problems for many people in our society. Therefore in this paper we consider the relationship between body energy balance and problems of obesity. Whatever the weight of the person, the goal of the nutritionist and health care workers is to find solutions that will allow persons to feel better about themselves.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.317-326
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• 2011

With its recent advances, nanotechnology is now being applied to various areas. Despite the benefits of nanoparticles, their risk in the environment has caused controversy, which is now becoming an international issue. Nanoparticles can easily infiltrate into cells, accumulate in biota, and may cause adverse effects in the levels of molecules, cells and organisms, and in the community. If nanoparticles are released into the environment, they can be transferred to organisms in the ecosystem, and eventually to the human body through the food chain. In this study, the research trend of the trophic transfer of nanoparticles in the food chain was investigated. Although a few investigations have been conducted regarding this topic, the trophic transfer of nanoparticles is becoming a significant issue in the area of nanotoxicology due to the potential risk to humans via the biomagnification process. While previous studies have demonstrated evidence of the trophic transfer of nanoparticles intensive future studies are needed to provide further information on the properties of nanomaterials, the exposure media, and the in vivo mechanisms such as uptake, accumulation, and depuration.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2012

Milk-derived bioactive peptides have been found to exhibit various physiological activities such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory, antibacterial, and antioxidative effects. Bioactive peptides can be used in the formulation of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and natural drugs because of their beneficial effects. However, the degree of variability in the composition, functionality, and sensory properties of such peptides has greatly limited their use in the food industry. In this review, we discuss the main peptides obtained from milk proteins and summarize findings from previous studies on the production and biological activities of these peptides. In addition, we compare the methods used to separate and identify the structure of the bioactive peptides and highlight current investigations into engineering and implementation of technologies that would allow more efficient isolation of bioactive peptides for functional food production. To improve human health, further molecular biology studies will also be required to elucidate the complex network of interactions between food microorganisms and the digestive system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.316-323
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• 2012

This study examined the prevalence of the traditional pressed sweet called dasik recorded in 15 Joseon dynasty (1392-1909) royal palace studies. The ingredients used in Dasik during the Joseon dynasty were categorized into 43% cereal powders, 18.6% tree fruits, 17.4% flower powders, 11.6% root clods, 8.2% dry-fish beef powders, and 1.2% vegetables. In the early era of the Joseon dynasty there were no reports of dasik in the royal palace. In the middle era of the Joseon dynasty there was one report of dasik in the royal palace. But in the late era of the Joseon dynasty there were 85 kinds of dasik reported in the royal palace. The most common ingredients were, most common first, Song-wha (松花), Huek-im (黑荏), Hwang-yul (黃栗), Nok-mal (菉末), and chungtae (靑太). The appearance and taste of dasik varied greatly throughout the time period, eventually resulting in nutrient supplementation. This observation may be associated with the commercial industrial development that prevailed during the late Joseon dynasty. Further investigation will be conducted on the recipes and ingredients recorded in these old studies to develop a standardized recipe for the globalization of dasik.