• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1390-1394
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• 2008

Previously, we found that the transgenic rice plants over-expressing the Arabidopsis $H^+/Ca^{2+}$ antiporter CAX 1 (accession no. U57411) gene accumulated 2.7 to 7.5-fold more calcium in the T3 rice grains as compared to those of control. To examine physiological safety of the $T_3$ rice grains, the effect of the $T_3$ brown rice on change in levels of body weight and white blood cells was compared with that of the control Ilpum brown rice by feeding trial in mice. During the feeding trial for one month, there was no significant difference between two mice groups, which were fed by the $T_3$ brown rice or Ilpum brown rice. There were no detectable differences in their effects on immune functions including plaque-forming unit, peritoneal macrophage number, and NK-cell activity. In addition, biochemical analysis of the blood failed to exhibit any difference between two mice groups. Together, these results suggested that the $T_3$ brown rice, which was produced from a genetically modified organism (GMO), might be safe and possess a potential to be applicable as calcium-fortified feed or food. Long-term safety of the $T_3$ brown rice, however, remains to be elucidated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1995

In order to investigate the relation between the phytoplankton and the catch fluctuation of set net fishing grounds located in the coastal waters of Yeosu, phytoplankton observations on the fishing ground were carried out by the training ship of Yeosu, Fisheries University from April to November in 1990, and the data obtained were compared with the catch data from the joint market of yeosu fisheries cooperative society in 1990. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The phytoplanktons were more appeared in summer than in spring or autumn and their quantity was much in the shore of Dolsan-do, and little in the offshore waters distributed in the shores of Sori-do and Sejon-do, Thus, the quantity of the planktons could be used for estimating the distribution of watermass. 2) The fishes caught by the set net were arranged in the order of catch amounts as follows: Spanish mackerel > Hair tail > Common mackerel > Sardine > Anchovy > Horse mackerel > Yellow tail. The catches of anchovy and Sardine were high in April to May and Hair tail. Horse mackerel and Common mackerel were caught from June to October. But Spanish mackerel were caught during the whole period of fishing. 3) The catches by set nets showed a correlation with the quantity of phytoplanktons. The planktons appeared most in the inner waters. influenced largely by the inflow of land waters in summer. and the catches were high in summer when the offshore water was distributed least. Therefore, the most important factor influencing the catches were regarded to be the productivity of food organism in inner water into which abundant nutrients were supplied by the inflow of land waters. That is, the fluctuation of catches by set nets seemed to be influenced mainly by the productivity of food organism.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 1997

Stomach contents of 518 specimens of the yellow goosefish, Lophius litulon caught by the off-shore stownet in the southern waters of Korea were examined by means of the calculation of the frequency of occurrence number and weight percentages, and index of relative importance (IRI) in each prey organisms. Prey organisms of the yellow goosefish consist of fishes, crustaceans, cephalopods. Fishes were dominant prey group, and occupied $98.8\%$ in IRI of prey organisms. Four species of fish, Pseudosciaena manchurica Collichthys niveatus, Engraulis japonica, Trichiurus lepturus were dominant as to the IRI and occupied $87.2\%$ of the total IRI. P. manchurica was a dominant prey organism in predator's stomach through the year, and the other dominant prey organisms occurred intermittently with seasonal progress. P. manchurica was a dominant prey organism to all fish size, too. C. niveatus and E. japonica decreased in importance in the diet as the fish size increased concomitant with an increase in importance of T. lepturus. Mean species number and mean individual number of prey organisms increased with the fish size.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.871-878
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to compare antioxidant activities of green tea, rosemary, lemon and bamboo leaves extracts using three different extraction methods (80% ethanol sonication extraction, distilled water autoclave extraction, distilled water extraction at room temperature). As a result, green tea and rosemary extracts showed relatively high antioxidant activities compared with those of lemon and bamboo leaves. These green tea and rosemary extracts were subsequently added to soymilk and their mixtures were examined for antioxidant activities. Soymilk added with 10% green tea distilled water autoclave extracts and distilled water at room temperature extracts showed relatively high DPPH, $85.09{\pm}2.26%$, $84.38{\pm}1.97%$, and ABTS radical scavenging activities, $73.43{\pm}2.78%$, $81.34{\pm}4.78%$, respectively. On the other hand, soymilk added with 10% rosemary distilled water autoclave extracts showed remarkably higher DPPH radical scavenging activity while their ABTS radical scavenging ability was similar to that of non-added soymilk. In conclusion, our results suggest that the addition of green tea distilled water autoclave extracts, distilled water at room temperature extracts and rosemary distilled water autoclave extracts to soymilk could contribute to the development of added value soymilk products with increased antioxidant activities.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the bioavailability and nutritive functions of Nak-Dong rice or genetically modified ${\beta}$-carotene-biofortified rice (GM rice) in an experimental animal model. Wistar rats fed either GM rice or Nak-Dong rice did not show differences in bioavailability, growth, organ weights, or visceral fat, suggesting that the nutrient content of GM rice is compositionally equivalent to that of conventional Nak-Dong rice. In addition, GM rice showed improved nutritive function in terms of increased defecation, decreased lipids, and decreased blood glucose.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.921-925
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• 2007

In order to optimize microbial safety and preservation in quality retention of rice flour, commercial hot-air dry (HT, 65/15 min) and microwave dry (MT, 700 watt/30 sec) treatments were developed, and in this study, natural microflora present in rice flour exposed to different storage temperature and periods were monitored. Changes in color (E) appeared to be less on the MT rice flour than on the rice flour. Effectiveness of the MT treatment showed reduction rates for total aerobic bacteria (2.62 log CFU/g), yeasts, and molds (0.37 log CFU/g). Total aerobic bacteria showed similar growth patterns of all the treatments during storage; however, the MT treatment inhibited the growth of this organism in rice flour. In conclusion, the MT treatment was found to be a suitable drying method to substitute the HT treatment in terms of quality of rice flour and microbial safety.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.318-326
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• 2002

The pathogenic marine bacterium Vibrio vulnificus is the causative agent of food-borne diseases such as life-threatening septicemia. To better understand this organism's strategies to survive osmotic stress, a mutant that was more sensitive to high osmolarity was screened from a library of mutants constructed by a random transposon mutagenesis. By a transposon-tagging method, putAP genes encoding a proline dehydrogenase and a proline permease were identified and cloned from V. vulnificus. The amino acid sequences deduced from nucleotide sequences of putAP from V. vulnificus were 38 to $59\%$ similar to those of PutA and PutP reported from other Enterobacteriaceae. Functions of putAP genes were assessed by the construction of mutants, whose putAP genes were inactivated by allelic exchanges. When proline as the sole carbon or nitrogen source was used, the putA mutant was not able to grow to the substantial level, revealing the proline dehydrogenase is the only enzyme for metabolic conversion of proline into other amino acids. Although the growth rate of the putP mutant on proline as the sole carbon or nitrogen source was significantly reduced, the mutant still grew. This indicated that at least one more proline permease is produced by V. vulnificus. The putP mutant decreased approximately $2-log_10$ CFU/ml after a hyperosmotic challenge, while the parent strain decreased approximately $l-log_10$ CFU/ml. This result suggests that the gene product of putP contributes to the osmotic tolerance of V. vulnificus.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.154-162
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• 2010

This study was carried out to compare the efficacy and selectivity of TOS and BS media for enumeration of bifidobacteria in commercial fermented milk products. First, bifidobacteria was isolated from 20 fermented milk products, and all isolated bifidobacteria were identified by genomic technology as Bifidobacterium lactis. The two media significantly differed from each other with regard to the recovery of B. lactis, that is, the recovery of this organism was as much as 6 logs lower on BS medium than on TOS. When the concentration of BS solution (mixture of paromomycin sulfate, neomycin, sodium propionate, and lithium chloride) used in BS medium was reduced to 50% (BS50), a relatively high percentage recovery of bifidobacteria from pure cultures was achieved. Susceptibility tests to antibiotics and tests for selective agents for the isolated bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria were conducted. The BS solution inhibited some lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium species, while mupirocin (MU) suppressed the growth of all tested lactic acid bacteria but not Bifidobacterium. As compared with BS50 medium, TOS with or without MU showed good bifidobacteria recovery and readily distinguishable colonies; in particular, TOS supplemented with MU had a high selectivity for bifidobacteria. In conclusion, all results suggested that TOS medium with or without MU was found to be suitable for selective enumeration of bifidobacteria from mixed cultures in fermented milk, and better in that capacity than BS medium.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2009

Feeding regimens was investigated for the growth and survival rate of juvenile Maroon clownfish (Premnas biaculeatus) in order to establish a seed production technique for this fish. Three types of feeding regimens were used, and growth and survival were highest under the following regimen: rotifer from day 0, Artemia from day 4, copepod from day 9 and artificial food from day 15, respectively (P<0.05). The average body lengths of the larvae were $6.76{\pm}0.55\;mm$, $7.63{\pm}0.50\;mm$ and $7.33{\pm}0.43\;mm$ in the Nannochloropsis oculata, Isochrysis galbana and control treatments conducted with 3 larvae/L, respectively (P<0.05). There were significant differences in larval growth between the treatments and controls conducted with 6 larvae/L and 9 larvae/L, respectively (P<0.05) but there was no significant difference between the N. oculata and I. galbana treatments (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in larval growth between the treatments at densities of 3-9 larvae/L (P>0.05). At highest density level, the larvae reared in I. galbana had the highest survival rate whereas survival was lowest in the control.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.643-649
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• 2005

This study was investigated to find out optimal medium maximizing the production of fibrinolytic enzyme by Bacillus sp. isolated from Korean fermented soybean paste, which could hydrolyze the fibrin produced through the blood coagulation mechanism in human body. Among carbon sources tested, galactose was most effective for the enzyme production, and the level of the concentration for the optimal enzyme production was $4\%$(w/v). For nitrogen sources tested, malt extract was most effective for the enzyme production, and level of the concentration for optimal enzyme production was $4\%$(w/v). For mineral sources tested, $K_2HPO_4$ was most effective for enzyme production. The enzyme was maximally produced by cultivating the organism at the liquid medium of the initial pH 6 and temperature of $40^{\circ}C$.