• 대한약침학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2015

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the 4-week repeated-dose oral toxicity of gami-jakyak gamcho buja decoction (Mecasin) to develop safe treatments. Methods: In order to investigate the 4-week oral toxicity of Mecasin, we administered Mecasin orally to rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups of five male and five female animals per group: group 1 being the control group and groups 2, 3, and 4 being the experimental groups. Doses of Mecasin of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg of body weight were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution of 10 mL/kg was administered to the control group. We examined the survival rate, weight, clinical signs, and gross findings for four weeks. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: No deaths occurred in any of the four groups. No significant changes in weights or food consumption between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. Serum biochemistry revealed that some groups showed significant decrease in inorganic phosphorus (IP) (P < 0.05). During necropsy on the rats, one abnormal macroscopic feature, a slight loss of fur, was observed in the mid dosage (1,000 mg/kg) male group. No abnormalities were observed in any other rats. In histopathological findings, the tubular basophilia and cast of the kidney and extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen were found. However, those changes were minimal and had occurred naturally or sporadically. No other organ abnormalities were observed. Conclusion: During this 4-week, repeated, oral toxicity test of Mecasin in SD rats, no toxicity changes due to Mecasin were observed in any of the male or the female rats in the high dosage group. Thus, we suggest that the doses in a 13-week, repeated test should be 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3841-3850
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• 2012

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge and perceptions of Malaysian tradition healers towards cancer and cancer prevention. Methodology: A total of 25 participants agreed to participate in this qualitative study during the period from $20^{th}$ July 2011 until $24^{th}$ of September 2011. The proposal of this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Management and Science University (MSU). Once the participant agreed to be interviewed, date, time and place of the interviews were determined. Consent form was obtained from participants before the interview began. Participants were briefed about the study and its purpose, and after asking their permissions, their replies were recorded. The data was organized into themes and analyzed manually. Results: Twenty-five Malaysian traditional healers participated in this qualitative study. The age of participants ranged between 26 to 78 years old. The majority were in the age group of 31-60 years old, male, Chinese, degree holders with a monthly income ranging from 1,000-5,000 Ringgit Malaysia (RM) and were married (56%, 80%, 48%, 52%, 68%, 84% respectively). The majority defined cancer as having high cholesterol or abscess accumulation. A few of them defined cancer as a type of cell growth. The majority mentioned that food and unhealthy lifestyles are the primary causes of cancer. Surprisingly some of them mentioned that cancer is caused by interference by ghosts. Regarding the diagnosis of cancer, the majority mentioned that they refer their patients to modern physicians' medical report when it comes to diagnosing or treating patients with cancer. The most common cancers that many patients came to seek treatment were breast cancers, followed by colon cancers, liver and lung cancers. Conclusions: Despite good knowledgeabout the causes of cancer among traditional healers, misconceptions still exist. Insufficient knowledge about the definition of cancer was noted among the traditional healers. This urges immediate action by the Ministry of Health of Malaysia to set up a strict regulation and regular monitoring of the traditional healers nationally. Traditional and Complementary Medicine may be integrated into the healthcare system and need to have sustained cooperation for the benefit of patients since about 80% of patients use traditional medicines.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.99-112
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• 1985

보건교육(保健敎育)에 관한 상태(狀態)를 파악(把握)하기 위하여 국민학교과정(國民學校過程)을 대상(對象)으로 보건관계(保健關係) 사항(事項)들을 조사(調査)하고 그 과정(過程)을 이수(履修)한 중학교(中學校) 입학직후(入學直後)의 보건지식(保健知識) 수준(水準)을 측정(測定)하였다. 보건지식(保健知識) 측정(測定)은 표준, 동아 수련장에서 선택(選擇)한 문제(問題)로 50개(個) 문항(問項)을 택(擇)한 설문지(設問紙)를 담임교사를 통(通)하여 설문(設問) 하였으며 총(總) 대상학생수(對象學生數)는 도시학생(都市學生) 491명(名) 농촌학생(農村學生) 468명(名), 총(總) 959명(名)으로 1984년(年) 4월(月) 10일(日)부터 5월(月) 10일(日) 사이에 실시(實施)하였다. 국민학교(國民學校) 전(全) 학년(學年), 전(全) 과목(科目)에서의 보건(保健)에 관한 항목(項目)은 총(總) 782건(件)으로 내용적(內容的)으로 분류(分類)해 보면 정신보건(精神保健)과 운동(運動) 및 휴식(休息) 에 관한 건(件)이 가장 많고, 다음으로 환경보건(環境保健), 보건생활(保健生活)이며, 사고(事故), 개인위생(個人衛生), 영양(營養) 및 음식(飮食), 사회의학(社會醫學) 및 보건기구(保健機構), 생리학(生理學) 및 해부학(解剖學), 보학통계(保學統計), 인구문제(人口問題), 질병관리(疾病管理), 식품위생(食品衛生), 학교보건(學校保健), 기생충(寄生蟲) 및 전염병관리(傳染病管理), 우생학(優生學) 및 유전학(遺傳學) 순(順)이었다. 학과목별(學科目別)로 보면 국어(國語)에는 총(總) 114건중(件中) 정신보건(精神保健)이 44.7%, 가장 많이 포함(包含)되고, 산수(算數)에는 총(總) 26건중(件中) 보건통계(保健統計)가 46.4%로, 사회(社會)에는 총(總) 118건중(件中) 환경보건(環境保健)이 23.1%로, 자연(自然)에 있어서는 총(總) 30건중(件中) 생리학(生理學) 및 해부학(解剖學)이 60.1%로, 도덕(道德)에는 총(總) 176건중(件中) 정신보건(精神保健)이 40.3%로, 음악(音樂)에 있어서는 총(總) 23건중(件中)에 정신보건(精神保健), 사고(事故)가 각각(各各) 21.8%씩 차지했고 미술(美術)에는 총(總) 28건중(件中) 운동(運動) 및 휴식(休息)이 42.9%로, 체육(體育)에는 총(總) 201건중(件中) 운동(運動) 및 휴식(休息)이 38.6%로, 실과(實科)에 있어서는 총(總) 61건중(件中) 영양(營養) 및 음식(陰食)이 36.2%로 가장 많이 포함(包含)되어 있었으며 국사(國史)에는 사회의학(社會醫學) 및 보건기구(保健機構) 뿐 다른것은 없었다. 보건사항(保健事項)의 總(總) 건수중(件數中) 과목별(科目別)로 보면 체육(體育) 25.8%, 도덕(道德) 22.5%, 사회(社會) 15.1%, 국어(國語) 14.6%, 실과(實科) 7.8%, 자연(自然) 3.8%, 미술(美術) 3.6%, 산수(算數) 3.3%, 음악(音樂) 2.9%, 국사(國史) 0.6%의 순(順)이었다. 전학년별(全學年別)로는 6학년(學年) 29.1%, 4학년(學年) 21.2%, 5학년(學年) 18.9%, 3학년(學年) 11.6%, 1학년(學年) 11.5%, 2학년(學年)의 7.7%의 순(順)이었다. 보건문제(保健問題)가 관련된 과(課)는 평균(平均) 35.4%이었으며 학년별(學年別)로 보면 4학년(學年), 6학년(學年)이 각각(各各) 38.2%로 최고(最高)였고 2학년(學年)이 29.3%로 최하(最下)였다. 체육(體育)에는 전(全) 과(課)에 포함(包含)되어 있었다. 보건(保健)에 관한 지식습득도(知識習得度)로 보면 도시학생(都市學生)의 평균점수(平均點數)는 56.3점(點)이고 농촌학생(農村學生)의 평균(平均)은 53.9점(點)으로써 두 집단간(集團間)의 지식습득도(知識習得度)에는 유의(有意)한 차(差)가 있었다.