• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.57-69
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• 2023

Early morning delivery possesses distinct characteristics that differentiate it from standard delivery services. This service typically involves delivering products to customers during the early morning hours, primarily before 7 AM. While online early morning delivery offers various advantages from a customer perspective, it also presents challenges that sellers and online shopping companies need to overcome. The early morning delivery market is experiencing significant growth in the online food retail sector, incorporating both PC-based online shopping and mobile shopping. The objective of this research is to identify the factors influencing customer satisfaction and the intention to reuse in the context of early morning delivery for online shopping. To model the online shopping environment with early morning delivery, independent factors were categorized into three types: System Properties, Product Characteristics, and Delivery Characteristics. This study examined the relationships among these three independent factors, the mediating factor of customer satisfaction, and the dependent variable of the intention to reuse. To conduct this research, empirical validation of the research hypotheses was carried out using the final dataset for analysis. Within this study, the previously explored System Properties, Product Characteristics, and Delivery Characteristics were established. Summarizing the findings of the analysis, it was discovered that System Properties and Product Characteristics played a significant role in determining the quality of early morning delivery services for online shopping. While product diversity and convenience had a positive impact, it is noteworthy that Delivery Characteristics did not influence customer satisfaction. Consequently, it can be concluded that there is no effect on the intention to reuse.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.117-131
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• 2016

The introduction of comprehensive programming channels has led to a diversity in the viewers' tastes and excessive competition between TV channels. Demand for channels on well-being is also increasing, due to the well-being and green consumption trends. This study conducted a case study on domestic and international channel branding strategies as well as an analysis on Korean channels focusing on well-being and lifestyle and found that there are no TV channels which provides comprehensive well-being information on food, clothing and housing at the moment in Korea. This study further discovered that information on such topics are currently provided in a tidbit fashion via educational or entertainment programs. Therefore, this study presented strategies for a well-being lifestyle channel brand and designed the brand mark and a station ID for the channel. This study conducted a survey targeting 50 men and women over 20 who have participated in environment-related projects for an objective verification of the channel brand strategies and design. The survey showed that the respondents were generally positive towards the necessity of the channel and of the content presented by this researcher. Some of the respondents, however, pointed out that the readability of the brand mark needs to be improved. This was reflected in the improved design and a survey comparing the two designs showed positive results. The results of this study will contribute to the launch of a well-being lifestyle channel targeting green consumers in the future.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.480-494
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• 2023

Objectives: This study sought to assess the effectiveness of community-based nutrition counseling on improving nutritional status, managing complex chronic diseases, and enhancing the quality of life for elderly individuals with chronic conditions, particularly in older adults with high levels of food insecurity and multiple chronic illnesses. Methods: Thirty elderly subjects with diabetes and hypertension who were registered at local Senior Welfare Center received individualized nutrition counseling, based on their Nutrition Quotient for the Elderly (NQ-E) index. Over a 16-week period, they received tailored counseling and underwent various health and nutritional assessments. The final analysis included 28 participants after two dropped out. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS v28.0. Results: The subjects were over 70, with multiple chronic diseases including diabetes and hypertension and predominantly female. After 16 weeks, significant improvements were observed in the subjects' grip strength, and HbA1c levels, as well as in their NQ-E scores, indicating improved dietary balance and diversity. There were no significant improvements in the 'Moderation' subdomain of the NQ-E index, suggesting that this aspect requires further attention in nutritional counseling. The subjects' nutritional risk scores (NSI) were also significantly decreased, indicating less nutritional risk. Lastly, as measured by the SF-36K, the subjects' quality of life showed significant improvement in several domains including physical role performance and social function. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that tailored nutrition counseling, based on the NQ-E index, can improve elderly health, manage chronic diseases, and enhance quality of life. This approach potentially broadens the scope of community nutritionists' roles within an aging society. However, additional research is necessary to evaluate these interventions' long-term effects and sustainability.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.33-33
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• 2020

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a non-seasonal, economically important, cucurbit cultivated throughout the world with Asia as a continent contributing the most. As part of the effort in diversifying watermelon genetic resources in the already cultivated group, this study was devoted to providing baseline data on morphological quality traits and health-beneficial phytonutrients of watermelon germplasm collections, thereby promoting watermelon research and cultivation programs. To this end, we reported morphological traits, citrulline, and arginine levels of watermelon genetic resources obtained from the gene bank of Agrobiodiversity Center, Republic of Korea, and discussed the relationship between each other. Diverse characteristics were observed among many of the traits. But, most of the genetic resources (>90%) were either red or pink-fleshed. Korean origin fruits contained intermediate levels of soluble solid content (SSC) while The USA, Russian, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Taiwan, and Uruguay originated had generally the highest levels of soluble solids. The citrulline and arginine contents using HPLC method were ranged from 6.9 to 52.1 mg/g (average, 27.3 mg/g) and 1.8 to 21.3 mg/g (average, 9.8 mg/g), respectively. The citrulline content determined using Citrulline Assay Kit was ranged from 6.5 to 42.8 mg/g (average, 27.0 mg/g). Resources with high citrulline and arginine levels contained low SSC. Whereas, red- and pink-colored flesh samples had less citrulline compared to yellow and orange. In addition to the profiling of morphological characters and phytonutrients, molecular marker characterization and identification of sources of resistance to diseases and pests are recommended for a more complete diversity analysis of watermelon genetic resources.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.710-723
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect on the revisit intention and recommendation intention on the golf course selection attribute factors of Chinese golf course users using IPA. In order to carry out this study, a survey was conducted on 388 Chinese golfers, data processing and IPA analysis were conducted, and the following conclusions were obtained. First, the importance of the selection attribute was the highest in employee etiquette, and the price of restaurants and food and beverage was the highest in satisfaction. Second, as a result of the IPA matrix analysis, there were 8 selection attributes for continuous maintenance, 14 for concentration improvement, 5 for low priority, and 3 for excessive effort avoidance. Third, cost, accessibility, course facilities, auxiliary facilities, caddy expertise, and satisfaction with user management were found to affect both revisit and recommendation intentions. Since this study was limited to Chinese golfers, there may be differences in comparing the results with previous studies conducted in other countries on golf culture. Therefore, studies considering cultural diversity should be conducted in the future.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2023

Background: Kombucha, known domestically as black tea mushroom, is a traditional fermented beverage from Northeast Asia made by fermenting a mixture of black tea extract and fungus. It is known for its high detoxifying, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, as well as its effects on relieving arthritis pain, reducing blood pressure, and addressing gastrointestinal or metabolic diseases. Purpose: This study aims to identify the main microbial system of Kombucha fermentation. Methods: The 16sRNA sequencing method was applied to analyze the microbial composition of Kombucha fermentation. Results: Bacterial, yeast, and fungi groups were identified. Through the identification of commercial Kombucha strains, it was confirmed that the bacteria in the Kombucha fermentation liquid and the pellicle were predominantly microbes from the Gluconacetobacter and Gluconobactor, which are involved in the fermentation of Kombucha. Among the yeasts, Sacchromycetes class, Starmerella bacillaris were identified with the highest expression rate. It was confirmed that the main microbial system fermenting Kombucha is SCOBY(Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast), and that different strains are prominently expressed compared to the foreign Kombucha, which is mainly composed of Acetobacter acetic bacteria and Zygosaccharomyces yeast commonly. Conclusions: This study highlights the complexity and diversity of the microbial ecosystem in Kombucha fermentation, and comparative analysis with commercial strains reveals the potential for diversification of SCOBY to improve the functional properties of Kombucha. Future studies will investigate microbial interactions within the SCOBY and their impact on the health-promoting properties of Kombucha.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-43
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• 2017

The objectives of the study were to evaluate fish compositions, endangered species, community structure, physical habitat, and general water quality for a preliminary environmental impact assessment of Jeokbyeok River on the road construction between two regions. Total number of species and total number of individuals, based on CPUE, were 23 and 1186, respectively. The endangered species (I, II) as the legal protection species were Pseudopungtungia nigra (79 samples) Gobiobotia brevibarba) (5) Gobiobotia macrocephala (2), indicating a requiring of endangered species conservation. In the meantime, exotic species and ecological disturbing species such as Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus, were not present, indicating a well conserved area. According to fish community analysis, values of species diversity index were high (range: 0.788 - 1.030), and the dominance index were low (range: 0.097 - 0.183), indicating that the fish community in this area was maintained well without high dominacne by specific species. Also, fish analysis on tolerance guilds and trophic guilds showed that the proportions of sensitive species were largely exceeded the proportions of the tolerant species, while the proportions of insectivore species were largely exceeded the proportions of the omnivore species. This outcome suggests that the ecosystem was well maintained in terms of tolerance and trophic compositions (food chain). Ecological health, based on the multi-metric fish model of Fish Assessment Integrity (FAI), reflected those fish conditions. In other words, values of FAI model averaged 82.4, which means a "good condition" in the criteria of ecological health by the Minstry of Environment, Korea. In addition, general water quality and physical habitat analyses showed that the system was in good condition. Under these conditions, if the road constructions between the two regions happen in the future, inorganic suspended solids may increase in the waterbody, and this may result in indirect or direct influences on the physical habitats and food chain as well as fish compositions, so the ecological protections and prevention strategy from the soil erosion are required in the system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an abdominal obesity management program on dietary intake, stress index, and waist to hip ratio (WHR) in abdominally obese women. The subjects were 195 adult abdominally obese women (WHR ${\geq}$ 0.80) who had been participating in a nutrition education (total of nine times) and dietary habits and life style modification programs (total of six times) for 12 weeks. The abdominal obesity management program focused on the nutrition provided by breakfast, lunch, and dinner, proper dietary habits, and practices to improve life style. The subjects were divided into a WHR decrease group and a WHR increase group according to changes in the WHR. Daily nutrient intake was assessed with a 3-day food record, body measurements and blood vessel age, stress index, and a health index that were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. After the intervention, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, and body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly in the WHR decrease group. Energy intake increased from 1486.2 kcal to 1541.4 kcal with a significant improvement in nutrient density for animal protein, total fat, animal fat, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, vitamin E, and saturated fatty acids in the WHR decrease group. Additionally, dietary diversity increased significantly in the WHR decrease group compared to that in the WHR increase group. The WHR decrease group showed a significant improvement in the stress and health indices. Changes in WHR were correlated with changes in nutrient intake (animal protein, total fat, animal fat, plant fat, fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, and folate) and medical index profiles (stress and indices) adjusted for age, birth status, baseline BMI, and baseline WHR. These results show that an abdominal obesity management program was effective not only for reducing the WHR but also to improve dietary intake and the stress index in abdominally obese women.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 1999

The effect of several hydrocolloids on the rheological behavior of wheat flour was investigated. The influence of the selected hydrocolloids (alginate, carrageenan, CMC, guar, locustbean and xanthan) on wheat flour was tested by using two different techniques; amylograph and texture analyzer. In order to have a general overview of their effects hydrocolloids were chosen from different sources implying a broad diversity of chemical structures. The hydrocolloid addition decreased the brightness(L) but increased yellowness(b). The interaction between hydrocolloid and flour produces a slight modification of the amylogram parameters, being the most clearly affected parameter breakdown, which is increased by carrageenan, guar and xanthan. Hardness and cutting force were augmented by hydrocolloid addition, while springeness was decreased except guar and locustbean. In summary, when looking for the improvement of the noodle texture, guar, locustbean are the best candidate additives due to their effects on pasting and texture properties. These hydrocolloids increase the hardness, cutting force, gumness, chew-ness, so were thought to increase the eating quality. So, each tested hydrocolloid affected in a different way the rheological properties of wheat flour, the results obtained are important for the appropriate use of these hydrocolloid as ingredients in the noodle making process.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2019

We carried out a literature review of fish food sources research in the coast - estuary areas of Korean peninsula for the last fifty years(1969~2018). A total of 101 research papers were reviewed, of which 81 were published in domestic journals, 7 were puliched in domestic reports and 14 were published in international journals. When divided into the decade periods, 21 papers (19.4%) between 1990 and 1999 and 26 papers (24.1%) between 2000 and 2009, and 42 papers (48.1%) were published in 2010 and 2018, respectively. When divided into the survey area by a bearing (East sea, South-East sea, South Sea, and West Sea), 65 papers(69.1%) were carried out in the South Sea. Followed by 13 papers (13.8%) in the East Sea and 8 papers (8.5%) in the West Sea and the South-East Sea, respectively. The surveyed area was dominant in Gwangyang Bay (18 papers; 24.3%), followed by Gadeok-do (8 papers; 10.8%). Of the diversity indices, 14 indices were used to calculate the ecological status. The dominant indices were IRI(Index of relative importance), Pi(Prey-specific abundance) followed by E (electivity index) and Bi (dietary breadth index). A total of 11 statistical methods were used to find feeding strategy. The correlation analysis and Bray-Curtis similarity matrix were applied most frequently. In terms of ecological research topics, the papers focused on seasonal or spatial differences before 2000. Since 2000, specifically, the international journal papers have been published based on competition, sympatric, niche overlap and other ecological topics.