• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.3-28
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• 2017

This study examined factors, such as benefit perception, risk perception, product, and website, which affect consumer attitude toward overseas direct purchase. To achieve this, 298 Korean consumers who have experienced overseas direct purchasing were analyzed. The results show that delivery risk and product risk were the most influential determinants of the level of trust level in overseas direct purchase sites. In addition, the results of this study confirm that the level of trust in overseas direct purchase sites has a strong influence on both the intention to recommend and the intention to continue patronizing the site. Moreover, this study conducted a mean difference analysis according to the types of overseas direct purchases (overseas direct delivery, overseas purchasing agency, and overseas delivery agency) and product categories (clothes, food and beverage products, and household appliances). This study lists various practical implications that can be applied to each overseas direct purchase service by firm and consumer characteristics.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

This study analyzed the physical quality and sensory characteristics of Artemisia by experimenting the medicinal effect and functionality of Artemisia in roasting condition of temperature on 80, 110, and $230^{\circ}C$, roasting condition of time on 6 min, blanching condition($100^{\circ}C$) of time on 1 min, oven drying condition of $50^{\circ}C$, 5 min, and additive amounts of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5% in order to make brown sauce. Its color values in roasting and blanching showed a little significant difference. Its sugar content when roasted at $110^{\circ}C$ and 0.5% of addition was the highest; in all groups, the more addition, the more sugar content. Spreadability in roasting with 0.5% of addition was increased and the group with 0.1% of addition was decreased in blanching, which showed a little significant difference. Its sensory characteristics showed high in 0.1, 0.2, 0.5% when blanched, roasted, and 0.1% when oven dried.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.94-110
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to how certain types of leadership of food and beverage employees in the super deluxe hotels in Seoul significantly affect self-efficacy, organizational efficacy and organizational effectiveness. The model was tested using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5.0 on a sample of 222 respondents with 74% of a usable response nate. The result of ANCOVA indicates idealized influence, individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation, which are the characteristics of transformational leaders, significantly and positively influence the organizational-efficacy, job satisfaction and organizational commitment Individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation significantly influence self-efficacy. Self-efficacy significantly influence. Organizational efficacy, and it also indirectly influence organizational commitment through job satisfaction. Organizational efficacy bas a significant relationship with organizational commitment through job satisfaction while it doesn't have a direct effect on organizational commitment.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2024

Milk, which is often referred to as a healthy beverage, is the first food encountered at birth. During digestion, A1-type milk often leads to digestive disorders due to increased levels of 𝛽-casomorphin-7. It also tends to induce inflammatory responses in the gut immune system by altering the gut microbiota and triggering conditions such as diabetes and respiratory hypersensitivity. In contrast, A2-type milk is gaining attention because of fewer associated problems than A1 milk and its unique functional benefits. However, information on the efficacy of A2 milk relies primarily on limited clinical and animal trial data, and substantiating its efficacy and functional superiority remains a challenge. Therefore, various studies, including research on the distinctive efficacy and functions of A2 milk compared with conventional A1 milk and investigations into the mechanisms underlying its effects on human health following consumption, are necessary in the future.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.212-226
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• 2009

This study attempted to analyze the correlation between financial ratio and operating performance of foodservice companies, using the financial data by DART service. Financial ratio is an index to identify the management of foodservice companies from calculating the ratio associating two accounts in the financial statements. Managers, creditors and investors often have different purposes for using the ratio analysis to evaluate the contents of the financial statements. According to the analysis of financial ratio and operating performance, listed food and beverage companies proved to have a high correlation in all except for interest coverage. However, foodservice companies showed a high correlation in stability and growth ratio. Therefore, managers of the foodservice companies will need to improve operating performance for using efficient utilization plans of debt from assets and operating expenses(cost of goods sold, general and other expenses).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1453-1461
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• 2016

Regarding 'mate' intake (infusion of Ilex paraguariensis herb, a staple beverage in temperate South American regions), most epidemiologic studies showed positive associations with risk of some cancers, (e.g. upper aerodigestive tract), but evidence on breast cancer (BC) risk is limited to a previous multi-site study, which reported a non significant odds ratio [OR]=0.85, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.67-1.09, p for trend=0.31) for the highest quartile of intake. The present study was conducted in order to further assess associations of 'mate' intake with BC risk. We combined two databases of women belonging to public and private healthcare hospitals. The sample included 572 BC incident cases and 889 controls interviewed with a specific questionnaire featured by socio-demographic, reproductive and lifestyle variables, and a food frequency questionnaire of 64 items, also analyzing 'mate' intake (consumer status, daily intake, age at start, age at quit, duration of habit, intensity of intake). ORs and their 95%CI were calculated through unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for relevant potential confounders. The highest quartile of 'mate' intake was inversely associated with BC risk (OR=0.40, 95%CI 0.26-0.57, p for trend <0.001). Stratified analyses also displayed strong significant inverse associations for 'mate' in frequent tea drinkers (OR=0.22), high energy intake (OR=0.23), high body mass index (OR=0.29) and in postmenopausal women (OR=0.36), among other results. As conclusions, we found evidence of a significant inverse association for 'mate' intake and BC risk.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.407-415
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• 2010

This paper is to suggest direction for development, and to analysis feasibility and preference traditional hotel which will be build in Jae cheon city. The questionnaires are distributed each50 in local area (Jae cheon, Dan Yang, Cheong Ju, Won Ju) and 100 in seoul, then used for data analysis 248.The results are as followed. First, it was showed that architectural style which is mixed korean traditional style outside with modern style inside, 100,000 (won) lower room cost, Korean restaurant, and various facilities. Second, two main reasons for using traditional house are to proper room price, and good location which is tourist attraction near lodging. Third. accommodations which is compromise between Korean and Western style is closely related with lower room cost (100,000 won), and natural-oriented traditional facilities. Fourth, traditional accommodations which is blend Korean style with Western style are strongly connected proper room and food & beverage price, and sanitation.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.129-156
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• 2012

This study analyzes the contribution to the national economy of the stable water supply through managing multi-purpose dam. For the analysis, we consider 17 major multi-purpose dams and build a CGE model with summer water and winter water being the production factors as the base year of 2007. We analyze the economic impact of meeting water demand due to the dam management and estimate the risk premium of reducing the uncertainty of water supply. The analysis results show a significant production decrease in the industries of agriculture, forestry and fisheries and tap water as well as the food and beverage industry using the former industries' output as intermediates in the production and show an production increase largely in steel industry and electronic and electrical industries. Being compared to the benchmark solution, GNP is analyzed as being reduced by 0.22~0.68%. Meanwhile, the risk premium is estimated to be about 4 billion to 24 billion won for the value 01 the measure of relative risk aversion in the range 01 0.5 to 3.0.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.155-162
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• 2017

Recently, space branding has been used as a branding method for many companies because space communication is a way of utilizing space in a wide range of ways. However, generally speaking, communication only focuses on goods and information about brands and does not focus on consumer's stories. The purpose of this study is to present the communication of " Back to Harakenya " in concept of Harakeya as a solution to this problem and confirm its effectiveness through examples. We selected on the range of " cosmetics brand ", " food and beverage brand ", " brand brand " and " fashion brand " which can used as a direct experience as a marketing method, which is a good condition for communication. Based on that, Harakenya selected cases as spaces with the concept of "Back to Harakenya". Previously, Harakenya's concept of "Back to Harakenya" and his designs appears three features. First, it transforms into various being secondly, it generates active imagination and it contains at least as many things as possible. This resulted in the effect that people remember the image with a clear image. Based on this study, We investigated to draw a result of effects through how the design expression is made in the spaces of Space Branding and how the "Back to Harakenya" communication is taking place in the space. Through these studies, the design and communication method of Harakenya's "Back to Harakenya" concept helps us to remember the brand clearly and furthermore, we confirmed that the brand value can be improved.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.270-274
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• 2016

Green tea, the leaves of Camellia sinsneis (Theaceae), is generally acknowledged as the most consumed beverage with multiple pharmacological functions including antioxidant activity. This study was performed to analyze the effect of extraction conditions of green tea on its antioxidant effects using DPPH assay. Three extraction factors such as extraction solvent (EtOH, 0 - 100%), extraction time (3 - 15 min) and extraction temperature ($10-70^{\circ}C$) were analyzed and optimized extraction condition for antioxidant activity of green tea extract (GTE) was determined using response surface methodology with three-level-three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD). Regression analysis showed a good fit of data and the optimal conditions of extraction were found to be 57.7% EtOH, 15 min and $70^{\circ}C$. Under this condition, antioxidant activity of experimental data was 88.4% which was almost fit to the ideal value of 88.6%. As epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is known for the major ingredient for antioxidant activity of green tea, we investigated the effect of EGCG on antioxidant activity of GTE. EGCG showed antioxidant activity with the $IC_{50}$ value of $4.2{\mu}g/ml$ and a positive correlation was observed between EGCG content and the antioxidant activity of GTE with $R^2=0.7134$. Interestingly, however, GTE with 50 - 70% antioxidant activity contain less than $1.0{\mu}g/ml$ of EGCG, which is much lower than $IC_{50}$ value of EGCG. Therefore, we suppose that EGCG together with other constituents contribute to antioxidant activity of GTE. Taken together, these results suggest that green tea is more beneficial than EGCG alone for antioxidant ability and optimal extraction condition of green tea will be useful for the development of food and pharmaceutical applications