• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.466-474
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the dining-out behavior of breakfast and preference on the menu of female college students. 500 questionnaires were distributed and 417 were used for statistical analysis(SAS program). This survey was conducted from June, 2000 to October, 2000. 72.8% of the respondents thought there were problems in eating breakfast. The problems were 'skipping breakfast frequently(33.1%)', 'short eating time(20.9%)', 'simple menu(18.8%)'. Preference of dining-out breakfast menus were 'bread & milk(43.8%)', 'conventional menu(34.7%)', 'snack(15.5%)', soup or 'porridge(6.0%)'. A general preference of breakfast menus were conventional (63.7%), 'bread & milk(21.1%)', 'milk and breakfast cereal(8.7%)', 'soup or porridge(6.5%)'. Increase on the amount of monthly allowance decreased the preference of conventional type of breakfast(P<0.05). The questions about the breakfast were 'what is the best menus for breakfast(49.2%)', 'alternative to rice(17.1%)', 'the amounts of breakfast(12.1%)'. But there was no significant difference among these variables. In conclusion, development of convenient & well-balanced breakfast model and nutritional education are needed to increase the nutritional status of female college students.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.93-117
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• 2013

We analyze the optimal hedge ratio and hedge effectiveness with different periodic times between spot and futures on EUA and CER based on EU-ETS. The Main finding are as follows. The first, hedging model which considers the time-varying variance is not more accurate than non-time-varying hedging models. The second, optimal hedge ratios are different even though hedge effectiveness is similar for the hedging purpose. The third, hedge effectiveness has uncertainty if hedge period is short. In case of EUA it needs to over 6 weeks and CER needs to over 7 weeks. The fourth, cross hedge with CER futures is not suitable for profit ratios.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2004

The osteoporosis is a disease characterized by lower bone mineral content, deterioration of bone tissue and a reduction in the protein and mineral matrix of the bone. The bone becomes more porous leading to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture, particularly of the hip, spine and wrist. Osteoporosis can result in disfigurement, lowered self·esteem, reduction or loss of mobility, and decreased independence. Adequate calcium intake through milk and milk products in childhood and adolescence is a decisive marker for obtaining a maximum bone mass (peak adult bone mass) and f3r the prevention of osteoporosis. Calcium is one of the most critical nutrients associated with the osteoporosis. Dietary calcium is of great significance for healthy skeletal growth and development. The bone mineral content and bone mineral density of young adults is directly related to the calcium intake through milk and dairy products. Milk and milk products are the important sources of calcium as the richness and bioavailability of this nutrient is very high as compared to other food products. If enough calcium is not supplemented through diet, calcium from the bone will be depleted to maintain the blood plasma calcium level. The article focuses on the various issues related to osteoporosis manifestation and the role of dietary calcium especially calcium derived from dairy products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.649-659
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• 2017

Extremophilic microorganisms have established a diversity of molecular strategies in order to survive in extreme conditions. Biocatalysts isolated by these organisms are termed extremozymes, and possess extraordinary properties of salt allowance, thermostability, and cold adaptivity. Extremozymes are very resistant to extreme conditions owing to their great solidity, and they pose new opportunities for biocatalysis and biotransformations, as well as for the development of the economy and new line of research, through their application. Thermophilic proteins, piezophilic proteins, acidophilic proteins, and halophilic proteins have been studied during the last few years. Amylases, proteases, lipases, pullulanases, cellulases, chitinases, xylanases, pectinases, isomerases, esterases, and dehydrogenases have great potential application for biotechnology, such as in agricultural, chemical, biomedical, and biotechnological processes. The study of extremozymes and their main applications have emerged during recent years.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.184-192
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• 2005

This study is to investigate the concerns about obesity and diet behaviors among 565 middle and high school students in Ulsan. The results indicated that high school students rather than middle school students and girls rather than boys had higher concerns about obesity and diet behaviors. For the socio-economic variables, being female, a high school student, and a group with the least monthly allowance was higher concern about obesity and diet; and household income, educational level and occupation of the fathers also had significant impacts on the student concerns about obesity and diet behaviors. The variables of height, weight, PIBW (Percentage of Ideal Body Weight), and BMI (Body Mass Index) had significant impacts on the concerns about obesity and diet behaviors. Especially, students with normal weight had the highest concerns about obesity and diet, while obese students had the lowest concerns. (J Community Nutrition 7(4): $184\∼192$, 2005)

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-135
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• 2016

Korean Emission Trading Scheme entered into force on 1 January 2015. As other Emission Trading Systems, Korean Emission Trading System also have some deficiencies to be complemented and improved. Thus, the issues that are related to legal characteristics of emission allowance and its status as a financial instrument, terminology, requisites for the designation of the business entities eligible for allocation, banking and borrowing, and the non-permanence problems in the forestry offset mechanism are reviewed and the directions of the improvement are presented. The review of the Korean Emission Trading Scheme and its relevant act and the presidential decree at its early stage may be helpful for the Korean ETS to be firmly settled and to operate properly.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of Korean workers with occupational exposure to lead by estimating nutrients and flood intakes so that we can eventually establish the dietary guidelines to be recommended for the lead workers. Food consumption survey was conducted by a 24-hr recall method with 135 lead workers and 50 non-exposed controls. Food intake data were convened into nutrients intake using computer aided nutritional analysis program. Mean daily energy intake and percentage of recommended daily allowance (RDA) of male lead workers were 2138 local and 87% of RDA while those of control were estimated as 2234 kcal and 91% of RDA. Mean daily intakes of nutrients of male lead workers were 78 g (111% RDA) for protein 502 mg (71% RDA) for calcium, 11.7 mg (97% RDA) for iron, 665 $\mu$g R.E (95% RDA) for vitamin A, 1.39 mg (108% RDA) for thiamin, 1.14 mg (77% RDA) for riboflavin, 15 mg N.E (92% RDA) for niacin and 66 mg (94% RDA) for vitamin C. On average, male lead workers showed significantly lower protein, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, niacin and vitamin C intakes than control group while cholesterol intake of the male lead workers was significantly higher than that of control group. Intakes of calcium of male lead workers were Less than 75% RDA meaning that nutritional intake of calcium of male lead workers was insufficient and could possibly result in nutritional deficient. Some food groups such as milk, meat and fish must be strongly suggested to improve nutritional status of lead workers. Continuing nutrition monitoring and appropriate nutrition intervention for lead workers most be conducted further.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.201-210
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• 2009

The purpose of the study is to examine the demographic characteristics and socio-psychological factors affecting willingness to take health foods among elderly, which is to get the basic materials of educational program for helping their desirable intake of healthy food. The data were collected from 1,032 elderly subjects and analyzed by SPSS Windows Version 12.0. About forty-one percent of the respondents were taking health foods in the period of survey. The main reason of taking health foods was to maintain and improve their health. The elderly subjects were classified into three groups: (1) a group having willingness to take healthy food, (2) a group having unwillingness to take healthy food, and (3) a group having a wait-and-see attitude. According to the results of chi-square and analysis of one-way variance, there were significant differences among three groups in the variables of 'sex', 'age', 'educational level', 'marriage status', 'monthly allowance', 'eating habit', 'concerns about health', 'self -evaluation of health condition', 'self-evaluation of health condition compared to the same age', 'concerns about health foods', and 'awareness of health foods'. In addition, the result of multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the factors affecting willingness to take health foods in the future are 'age', 'concerns about health', 'self-evaluation of health condition compared to the same age', 'awareness of health foods', and 'intake of health foods in the period of survey'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.679-686
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• 2004

In order to find the relationships of nutrient intakes and food consumptions to calorie intake for young and middle-aged men, a study was peformed using the data of Korean National HealthㆍNutrition Survey in 1998. Data from 659 young men (20 to 29 years) and 1,697 middle-aged men (30 to 49 years) were analysed for percent of recommended daily allowance (%RDA), index of nutritional quality (INQ) and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) in order to evaluate one's Quality and quantity. We found that energy and nutrient intakes were not significantly different between young and middle-aged groups. Their calorie and nutrient intakes were below their RDA. The most insufficiently consumed nutrient (less than 75% of RDA) was calcium followed by thiamin vitamin A, and calorie. The lacks of calorie, protein, iron, vitamin C, and niacin were more widely-spread in the twenties than the middle-aged. The mean nutrient adequacy ratio of the middle-aged was better than that of the young, even though some INQ were worse. Only for the subjects consumed sufficient energy, there were positive relations between grains, meats or alcoholic drinks to calorie level in middle-aged men but there were positive relations between broiled fish/shell or fats/oils to calorie level in young men. It seemed that both middle-aged men eating alcoholic drinks, broiled meat, and grains and young men eating cake/cookies, rice cake/potato cake, grains, and sugars could consume enough calorie with nutritional imbalance.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.683-696
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• 2011

This study compared levels of health beliefs and health behavior practices according to lifestyle pattern among adults in Seoul. A self-administered survey questionnaire was collected from a total of 1,004 Seoul residents aged 30-59 years. The levels of perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and self-efficacy from health belief model and health behavior practices were measured across multiple health behavior areas including dietary behavior, drinking, smoking, exercise, functional food consumption, and weight control behavior. Factor analysis and subsequent cluster analysis based on 28 lifestyle questions divided the subjects into four lifestyles of society-, economy-, trend-, and health-oriented lifestyle. Some general characteristics were significantly different by lifestyles. The society-oriented lifestyle was significantly higher in proportions of men and overweight. The trend-oriented lifestyle was significantly younger and spent more monthly allowance. Health-oriented lifestyle was older. The levels of health belief variables and health behavior practices significantly differed by lifestyles. Overall the health-oriented lifestyle showed more desirable levels of health belief variables and health behavior practice in various health behavior areas compared to the other lifestyles, whereas the society-oriented lifestyle was found the other way. Health belief model variables including perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and self-efficacy were generally significant in predicting the levels of various health behavior practice, with somewhat differences by lifestyle pattern and health behavior type. The study findings suggest it may be useful to segment target subjects according to lifestyle pattern in planning and administering health education programs.