• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1308-1314
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• 2017

The Chinese red-headed centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, a member of the arthropod class Chilopoda, is a traditional medicine used for the treatment of several allergic diseases, such as atopy. S. subspinipes mutilans samples were collected from different regions of South Korea: Sancheong, Gyeongnam; Yeonggwang, Jeonnam and Jeju-do. The nutritional values of the centipedes were analyzed to extend the species' applications. The crude protein and fat contents of all samples were high and ranged from 54.9-55.8% and from 26.8-30.6%, respectively. Essential amino acids were present; lysine was the most common and accounted for 3.4-3.6% of the essential amino acids. Glutamic acid, which assists in improving concentration, memory and other cognitive abilities, was the most common non-essential amino acid at 6.8-7.1%. It had a similar content percentage in all three regions' samples. Additionally, unsaturated fatty acids were present, and oleic acid, which prevents cancer and cardiac disease, was the most common at 41.3-48.6% of each sample. Mercury, a hazardous substance, was detected at a range of 0.08-0.11 mg/kg in all samples; the amount was lower than the standard food allowance. Additionally, no pathogenic microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., were detected. There were no significant differences between the nutritional factors of the S. subspinipes mutilans samples from the three regions. Based on the nutritional analysis, Chinese red-headed centipedes have the potential to be food and medicinal ingredients due to their proteins, essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids and nutritive capacities.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2003

It is known as that onion is antioxidation effect, antibiotic effect, blood pressure decreasing effect and reducing serum cholesterol levels. This research about effect that onion concentrate gets blood cholesterol levels and body composition. Subject was 17 adult men of hyperlipidemia. Age distribution of investigation subjects were average 49.4 years old by 40~56 years old, and average height and weight were 167.6cm and 75.5kg each, BMI was 26.9kg/$m^2$, and BMR was 1,460.6$\pm$87.5㎉, and AMC was 25.0$\pm$1.05cm, and BCM was 41.0$\pm$2.79cm. In the meantime, the body muscle was 53.7$\pm$3.7kg, and fat mass was 18.7$\pm$3.8kg, and intracellular fluid was 26.6$\pm$1.8kg, and extracellular fluid was 12.8$\pm$0.9kg. The % body fat was 24.6$\pm$3.8%, and fat distribution was 0.9$\pm$0.0%, and the obesity degree was 125.4$\pm$8.2%. Vegetables, seaweeds, fruits and juices increased by change of dietary life and greasy foods, instants, breads, rices etc. decreased or there was no change, fast foods and eggs were no change. Also, subject previewed that guidance about stress, smoking, drinking and beverage intake need. If compared the nutrient intake amount with before onion concentrate allowance, it was similar level almost without significant. Energy, calcium and riboflavin are lower than the RDA for koreans. After 3 months, the levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides had decreased significantly : 15.0%, 31.2% respectively. And the HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels also showed a marked reduction of 6.8%, 8.7% respectively. Plasma lipid level change by onion concentrate supplement would can know that case of triglyceride more greatly than plasma cholesterol. The pH and Na+ level of plasma were low significant since 8 weeks after, and $K^{+}$ level increase significant. While $Ca^{++}$ level was low significant after 1 month, there was no change since 2 months after, but nC $a^{++}$ level was low significantly. Plasma $Mg^{++}$ level was no change and nM $g^{++}$ level was low significant after intake.e.e.e.e.e.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.114-122
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop a web-based internet program for nutritional counseling and diet management of patient with diabetes mellitus. The program consisted of four parts according to their functions and contents. The first part explained the metabolism of glucose and mechanism of insulin and insulin receptor expressed by flash 6.0, and defined the diabetes mellitus. The second part is to assess the general health status such as body weight, obesity index, basal metabolic rate and total energy requirement by the input of age, sex, height, weight and degree of activity. This part also provides tlne patient with menu lists and one day menu suitable to his weight and activity, and offers the information for food selection, snacks, convenience foods, dine-out, behavioral modification, cooking methods, food exchange lists, dietary education using buffet, and information on energy and nutrients of foods and drinks, and top 20 foods classified by nutrients. The third part is designed to investigate dietary history of patient, that is, to find out his inappropriate dietary habit and give him some suggestions for appropriate dietary behavior. This part also offers on-line counseling, follow-up management and frequently asked questions. The fourth part is evaluating their energy and nutrients intake by comparing with recommended dietary allowance for Koreans or standardized data for patient with diabetes mellitus. In this part, it is also analyzing energy and nutrients of food consumed by food group and meals, and evaluating the status of nutrient intake. These results are finally displayed as tabular forms and graphical forms on the computer screen. Therefore it is expected that the web-based internet program developed in this study will play a role in their health promotion as widely using by diabetic patients.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.7
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• pp.92-104
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• 1966

For the purpose of the better dietary management and to empahsize of importance in nutrition education for 552 students at the dormitories, College of Agriculture, Seoul National University, the dietary survey was conducted for each consecutive seven days, from March 7th to 13th at the boy's dormitory, from March 14th to 20th at the girl's dormitory, respectively. In comparison the average caloric and nutrient intake per caput per day at the both, girl's and boy's dormitory with the recommended dietary allowances for age of 25, the intake of calories and all nutrients except riboflavin were over the allowances for the boy, while the caloric intake by the girl was considerablly below the allowance. But it is meant that only 150 calories was actually deficient in comparison with the figure of the average energy consumption determined for the girls at the dormitory of the Sook-myung Woman's University, whose pattern of living was quite similar to those of the girls at this college. Except iron and ascorbic acid, all other nutrients were deficient for the girls. The calories in the form of protein of a diet taken by the boy was 12.9% and that by the girl was 12.8%. Protein quality of the diet taken by boy scored 70 while that by the girl scored 79. NDp Cal% of the diet taken by the boy was 7 and that by the girl was figured out to be 8. Therefore, calculated reference protein taken by the boy was 55.8 grams and that by the girl was 36.9%. Though it is generally recommended that at least 1/3 of the protein should come from animal sources, it was apparent by this survey that providing 1/5 of the protein from animal sources with remaining part of high quality vegetable protein foods in the adequate mixed diet would give satisfactory results for both girl and boy students. This was clearly demonstrated by the recommended reference protein and NDp Cal% met. Significant difference between boys and girls in the average consumption of seasonings was found. In consumption per day of seasonings, boy used 1.5 grams of red pepper powder which means they used 15 times more of red pepper than girls did. Kochujang was used 13 grams by boy-students which was as high as 21 times of that of the girl. Total salt intake by the boy was 34 grams while the girl consummed 23 grams. It is obviously recognized that boys prefer more peppery and salty flavor than girls do. To reduce the amount of protein consummed and to improve the quality of protein food, increase of riboflavin rich food and increase of fat intake in place of grain intake are recommendable to the boy. For the girl's diet, consumption of grains, particularly more intake of barley mal· be recommendable to meet the B group of vitamins allowances as well as the caloric allowance. The use of more servings of yellow green vegetables is needed to the girl.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1982

A survey was carried out to determine the nutritional status of rural elderly. Determination was made on 50 persons, aged 60 years and over, in the rural area of Paltan-myeon, Hwaseong-kun, Kyeonggi province from June 1 to August 20, 1980. Grains provided 82$\sim$85% of total energy input most nutrient intake was from vegetable foods. Daily energy intake was not sufficient as 77.2$\sim$89.8% of RDA. The energy input percentage of carbohydrate: fat: protein was 79 : 10 : 11. showing higher dependance on carbohydrate. The protein intake only met 53.7$\sim$65.3% % of RDA. The contribution of animal proteins to total protein was only 12.2$\sim$12.4%, far below the recommended allowance. Both calcium and iron was insufficiently ingested as 40.6$\sim$55.7% and 72.0$\sim$92.0% of RDA, respectively. The intake of vitamin A and ascorbic acid almost reached RDA whereas the intake of thimin, riboflavin and niacin was not sufficient as 63.0$\sim$97.0%, 51.0$\sim$58.5% and 59.1$\sim$83.9% of RDA, respectively. 32% of the subjects were higher blood pressure than 160/95 mmHg proven to be hypertension. The correlation coefficients between clinical sign score, index of appetite, balance of meal and nutrient intake were significant. (P<0.05)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.2068-2075
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception of university students on nutritional information according to food and nutrition labeling systems. A total of 310 customers, who visited family restaurant, were surveyed by a self-recorded questionnaire from March 2006 to April 2011. A total of 286 respondents were surveyed; of the respondents, 108 were males and 178 were females. Two surveys were conducted on the perception of the respondent's health: once in 2006 and once in 2011. According to these surveys, 63.6% and 54% of respondents perceived themselves as unhealthy, respectively. When ordering a meal, respondents were more concerned with price rather than taste, nutrition, new menu items, and food presentation. Compared with 2006, in 2011 more respondents felt that family restaurants provided enough nutritional information and practical use of that information to their customers. When surveyed, respondents felt that the total calories played a significantly higher role in ordering food than foods with higher nutritional values. There was a significant increase in satisfaction with the current nutrition labeling system; in 2006, $2.87{\pm}0.99$, and 2011, $3.35{\pm}0.84$. There was also a significant increase in individuals who felt that there was a need for an ingredient labeling system; $3.68{\pm}0.9$ in 2006 and $4.32{\pm}0.61$ in 2011. There was also a higher demand for nutritional information; $2.85{\pm}0.66$ in 2006, $3.06{\pm}0.65$ in 2011. From these results, it was concluded that the nutrition labeling system adopted by family restaurants did not affect the degree of customers' interest in nutritional information. Contrast to the results, the amount and frequency of nutritional information provided to customers have increased continuously since 2006. Therefore, the nutrition labeling system and recommended dietary allowance should be expanded in order to promote a healthy diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.43-58
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• 1977

Kojedo is the second largest island in Korea and a total population of 115,500 is living on the island of 394.69 sq. km. Under the direction of three nutrition professors, nutrition surveys in two villages in Kojedo, namely Siljun Ri in Hachung Myon and Soowol Ri in Shinhyun Myon, were carried by 30 college senior students majoring in nutrition from August to 20 August 1977. From a total of 176 households of the two villages, 67 households were randomly selected and 390 family members of the households were subjcets of the nutrition surveys. The precise weighing method was used in evaluating the kinds of foods and nutrient intakes of the subjects for three consecutive days. Thirty-seven pre-school children aged between 3 to 6 years and 27 fertile women were examined for biochemical findings and physical status. The main purposes of the surveys are to provide baseline data on nutrition in Kojedo Island for the Kojedo Community Development Project and to compare the nutritional status of the villages of Siljun Ri and Soowol Ri. Siljun Ri is located in the pilot project area of the Koiedo Community Health Project sponsored since December 1970 by the Christian Medical Commission of the World Council of Churches. While Soowol Ri is a control village for comparison. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Food Intake The average food intake per person per day in Siljun Ri, 1064 grams (91.7% in vegetable foods and 7.6% in animal foods) was 90 grams more than that of Soowol Ri, 974 grams (92.8% in vegetable foods and 5.9% in animal foods). However, the food intake per pre-school child in Siljun Ri, 485 grams (92.6% from vegetable foods and 6.4% from animal foods) was 21 grams lower than that of the Soowol Ri, 506 grams (88.5% from vegetable foods and 6.5% from animal foods). The average intake of beans was 16 grams(1.5% out of the total food intake) in Siljun Ri and 21 grams(2.2% of the total food intake)in Soowol Ri. The villagers should be guided for more consumption of soybeans to improve the quality of protein intake from vegetable foods. Nutrient Intake The adult intake in Siljun Ri and Soowol Ri were 2,529 kcal and 2,511 kcal respectively. The average energy intake of pre-school childen in Siljun Ri was 948 kcal and that for adult and 1,500 kcal for childen aged between 4 to 6 years-given by the Korea FAO Association, the diets in both villages were not adequate. Average daily protein intake of the subjected adult in Siljun Ri was 78.4 grams and that of Soowol Ri was 76.2 grams, while pre-school children took 30.7 grams in the former village and 31.7 grams in the latter village per child per day. The protein intake in both villages were lower than the recommended allowances, 80 grams for adult and 45 grams for $4{\sim}6$ years childen, and animal protein intake of the all subjects was very much lower than the RDA. The main charecter of the diet has been found low in quality of protein and high in carbohydrate. The calcium intakes of the pre-school children in both villages, 251.9 milligrams in Siljun Ri and 218.8 milligrams in Soowol Ri, were very much lower than the recommended allowance of 500 milligrams per day. It is apparent that the diet for children should be supplemented with calcium. Among the vitamin group, the daily average intakes of vitamin A and $B_{2}$(thiamine), $B_{2}$(riboflavin), C(ascorbic acid), and niacin were not adequate for the children in both villages. Especially the intake of riboflavin, 0.4 milligrams in both village children, was much lower than the RDA, 0.9 milligrams per day. Physical Characteristics Average height, weight, chest and head circumference of the pre-school children in both villages were similar to those of the Korean standard given by the Korean Paediatrics Association except that the average height of pre-school boys in Siljun Ri was 8 cm higher than the Korean standard of 105 cm. The mean values of upper arm circumference and skinfold thickness of pre-school boys in both villages were the same, 15.4 cm for upper arm circumference and 6.8 mm for skinfold thickness, but the mean values of those of the girls in Siljun Ri were higher than those of pre-school grils in Soowol Ri. Biochemical Findings Avera ge hemogobin value of boys and girls in both villages was the same, 11.1 grams per 100 ml of blood. The incidence of anemia (Hb value below 11g/100ml) was similar in both viltagesr 36.4% for boys and 50% for girls in Siljun Ri and 37.5% for boys and 50% for girls in Soowol Ri. Average hemoglobin values of fertile women were 10.7g% in Siljun Ri and 10.8% in Soowor Ri. The incidences of anemia(Hb valre brlow 12g/100ml) were 100% in Siljun Ri and 86.7% in Soowol Ri. The anemia of these subjects may be caused mainty low intake of good quality protein and iron intake from vegetable food. Recommendation In general, the nutritional status of a community health pilot village is not higher than that of control village due to the lack of nutrition improvement guldance services. Nutrition education should be delivered to the villagers as a main part of the health education artivities. The emphasis should be on building better health through bttter food habits and better food production as well as on preventing malnutrition and diseasrs. It can be an invaluable part of community developnent. Since nutrition is considered to be at least one-half of MCH care, no village or home visits should be made without careful provision for teaching and demoastrating something simple and practical on nutrition. The nurse, midwife, and village health worker should be the chief promoters of nutrition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.485-493
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• 2003

To assess trans fatty acids (tFAs) intake of middle school students in Busan, behavior of having meals and 3 day's food record were surveyed in 800 subjects. 35.3% of subjects responded to twice a day in frequency of snack intake. Preferred snack items were ice cream (68.6%) and milk (57.0%). Subjects of dining out preferred jajangmyon (54.6%), seasoned chicken (50.5%), fried chicken (35-3%) in order when dined out. Mean daily tFAs intake of subjects was 1.68$\pm$0.04 g. Mean daily intake level of girls was 1.89$\pm$0.06 g which was significantly higher than that of boys, 1.40 $\pm$ 0.05 g (p<0.001). Naturally derived tFAs intake was 1.04$\pm$0.03 g which corresponded to 62.1% of total tFAs intake per day and industrially derived tFAs intake was 0.64 $\pm$ 0.02 g, 37.9% of total tFAs intake per day. Calorie percentage of tFAs was 0.8% and fat percentage of tFAs was 3.16%. The level of tFAs intake showed a significant difference with monthly allowance (p<0.05) and frequency of snack intake (p<0.001) in girls, which was not the case in boys. The main sources of tFAs were milk and dairy products (34.3%), bakeries (18.3%), and fish and meat products (16.2%), in order. From above results, we can conclude that tFAs intake of middle school student is not as much as that of Western teenagers. However, exact estimation of tFAs intake requires database of tFAs in broad range of processed foods commonly consumed in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2008

For the use of extracts from salmon frame as a basic material of Gomtang-like products, various methods (soaking into soybean milk, adding anchovy, and adding spices) for masking fish odor into extracts from salmon frame were examined and the food component characteristics were also compared with commercial Gomtang. According to the results of volatile basic nitrogen, transmission at 660 nm and sensory evaluation of extracts, soaking treatment, which is the soaking of salmon frame into soybean milk, was the most efficient method among the various methods for masking fish odor into extracts from salmon frame. There was no difference in the proximate composition between extracts from salmon frame soaked (FS) and unsoaked (C) into soybean milk. The FS was not detected in heavy metals, such as chromium, lead and cadmium. The taste value of FS (16.26) was higher than that of C and the major amino acids were glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Total amino acid content of FS (3.08 g/100 mL) was also higher than those of C (2.95 g/100 mL) and commercial Gomtang (1.70 g/100 mL), and the major amino acids were glycine, proline, glutamic acid and arginine. The calcium and phosphorus contents of FS/500 mL accounted for 21.7% and 18.5%, respectively, of the recommended daily allowance of mineral for adult.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.420-436
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the status of task performance and working conditions for nutrition teachers in order to determine new ways to improve the current nutrition system and increase job satisfaction among teachers. From the 14th of July to the 26th of September 2014, email questionnaires were distributed to and collected from 311 nutrition teachers nationwide, including teachers at elementary, middle, and high schools. The results are as follows. First, over 90% of nutrition teachers indicated that their work was demanding. In particular, 63.5% of nutrition teachers at high schools worked more than 40 hours of overtime per month. Second, 73% of nutrition teachers provided nutrition education, but the percentage significantly decreased at upper levels of school. Nutrition teachers had difficulties teaching due to the absence of standard teaching materials and a lack of time due to excessive work. Teachers also wanted 30 hours of job training once per year during their vacation organized by the regional Department of Education. Third, around half of the nutrition teachers considered that promotion and transfer professions are necessary for systematic foodservice and education. An additional allowance was demanded by nutrition teachers at schools that serve two or three meals per day. Considering the results, alleviating the workload of nutrition teachers and more time preparing nutrition classes for student are required. Fair evaluation of job performance that considers work conditions of nutrition teachers should be considered.