• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.411-420
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• 2012

In Korea, the traces of Mongolian history and culture are often found in Korean life and customs. Under these perceptions, this study has attempted to develop the learning contents using the Mongolian historical and cultural heritages in Korea. For this, the perspective on Mongolia in Korean History and Social Studies textbooks and the exhibition of Mongolian cultural materials in a museum have been analyzed. In addition, this study has researched a plan to develop learning contents for exhibition and education using the Mongolian historical & cultural heritage and folklore materials in Korea and people's perspective on Mongolia in the ancient western maps as a way of understanding the historical and cultural heritage between Korea and Mongolia. In addition, a way of taking advantage of the Mongolian historical and cultural heritage in Korea from the view of world history has been proposed to share historical views and promote cultural exchanges between the two countries. Furthermore, the development of learning contents of the museum using the historical and cultural heritage between Korea and Mongolia could be grounds for humanistic studies from the view of understanding multiculture and characteristics of international culture.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.212-231
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• 2021

This study examines the types of gods worshiped in the homes of Utsunoya village, the places where they are enshrined, the rituals and food offered to the gods, the decorations during the rituals, and the people's beliefs. Also, by comparing the gods worshiped in houses in remote Utsunoya with those of downtown Shizuoka, the differences and changes in the gods worshiped in the two contemporary spaces were predicted. Today, the gods enshrined in Utsunoya's houses are amatelaseu oomikami (天照大神), ancestor, ebisu, daigoku, kojin, inari, the god of the toilet, the god of land, and the god of water. From December 31st to January 3rd and on January 15th, Obon (July 15th), October when there is a festival at the village shrine, and on Ebisu Day (October 19th and 20th), residents offer drinks and food to the gods. Japanese beliefs at home are polytheistic in nature. They maintain national identity through kamidana and maintain family identity through ancestor worship linked to the Buddhist altar. The Japanese beliefs at home are firmly established in the background of the home, the base of family life. Japanese houses have a strong character as a religious space where they coexist "with the gods," and the residents have a cultural tradition of living with the gods.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.33
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• pp.253-278
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• 2008

Samkookyusa is a valuable book, which shows us ancestor's fomality, being folklorically highly evaluated. So I focus on this, look into Samkookyusa's formality especially the ceremonies of coming of age, marriage, funeral and ancestral worship. Coming of age ceremony on Samkookyusa performed by a ruler or the nobilities whoes age are uncertainly assumed as thirteen, fifteen or eighteen. In the times, our own ways of ceremonies were performed by them. Marriage ceremony on Samkookyusa, especially king Sooro and Heohwangok's amrriage procedure shows a part of royal family's ceremony before Korea dynasty and have a precious meaning as the earliest outset. Through premarital relation between Yoohwa and Haemosoo shows that there was an non-arranged match for marriage. A record of a marriage between near relatives at the early Korea dynasty is worthy. The funeral ceremony record of king Hyeockgeose on Samkookyusa could be regarded as the first one. The record pointed that using a mound as feudal lords and king Talhae's funeral ceremony showed having Seagoljang customsand making a clay figure for the ceremony. Those facts are crucial documents as helping us understand our ancient time's funeral ceremonial customs. Ancestral ceremony on Samkookyusa, specific record about ancestral ceremony for king Sooro such as fomulas, procedures, ritual fields and foods, sanctuary and portrait is a worthful record to understand a side of national ancestral ceremony of the times. Samkookyusa is a valuable book ceremonially and folklorically to understand the ancient times' ceremonies of coming of age, marriage, funeral and ancestral worship.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.71
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• pp.305-349
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• 2018

James Scarth Gale was a Canadian writer and Presbyterian missionary in Korea. He is A representative figure in Korean studies. Gale was the master of Korean studies at that time, which was based on Korean history, culture, folklore, and language. Gale was the first to will announce Korean Studies to the world. Gale's research and writings have spread to the continent of North America, including Europe and the United States, including Britain. At that time, Gale's study made Korean studies widely known to the world. There is a lack of research on Gale. It is because there is no material and documentary. Gale's documentary is on Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library on University of Toronto in Canada. Gale's documentary Name is Gale's Papers. The official name is MS Col 245, Gale James Scarth Papers. The papers consist mainly of holograph notes for and drafts and typescripts of Gale's works about Korea and his translations of English and Korean texts. In addition, the collection contains correspondence, commonplace books, diaries, the diary of his- second wife, Korean manuscripts collected by Gale, and published articles. The material dates from his work as a Presbyterian missionary in Korea(1888~1927) and from his retirement in England(1927~1937). The documentary Inclusive dates is 1888~1937, Extent is 24 boxes and 8.23 meters. Accession number is 87.046, Gift of George M. Gale in 1987. Liz Ridolfo helped collect the materials in Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library. Thanked. Gale's paper will be an important resource for modern Koreanology studies.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.143-150
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• 2022

The folk language that lives and breathes in modern works does not just come from old stories, but it is a personal narrative which is based on the experiences of the narrator. Like many genres in oral literature, most of these personal narratives occur from the impulse of communicating and reinventing rather than from the impulse of creating. Compared to traditional folktales, stories about an individual's experiences, such as personal narratives are often performed by adding the individual tendencies of the narrator. In so doing, the phenomenon of "processing the experience by estimating it and reinterpreting the memories roughly" occurs, and this is a significant factor in making the oral literature. However, the question that arises here is: How can we deal with these significant elements that are inevitably captured when performed orally? Text linguistics, the main methodology of this paper, implies the possibility of expressing the impromptu elements of oral literature. Also, textual linguistic analysis of personal narratives provides the possibility of discussing oral characteristics from various angles which have been difficult to analyze, such as on-site atmosphere, speaker mistakes, contradictions in stories, and audience reactions. Hence, it is possible to effectively discuss oral-poetics in oral literature which are based on the one-off of 'words', the 'roughness' of the on-site atmosphere, and the stackability of the 'wisdom of crowds'. Furthermore, it is expected to contribute to the study of personal narrative storytelling that plays an important part in Veabal art in community culture.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.39
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• pp.223-277
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• 2019

Based on the text reference from the Variety Theatre compiled and performed by the Jiaofang of the Ming Dynasty Palace, the characteristics of Zhongkui performance in the New Year Ceremony was analyzed focusing on the differentiation and diachronic change in aspect between court dance and civilian. In China's folk beliefs, 'Zhongkui' is regarded as a representative spirit of fighting against evil spirits. Relevant rituals and performing arts have been held mainly on New Year's Eve or the Dragon Boat Festival. Although extensive research has been conducted in various fields, the situation of Zhongkui performance was largely unnoticed, only generally addressed in China, even with the given fact that the Ming Dynasty's text reference of miscellaneous court dance was exclusively retained, Therefore, the analysis intends to propose Zhongkui performances of Calendaric Rituals in the aspect of its elements and differentiate the play handed down among people as a specific example. Through the text analysis of miscellaneous court dance, 'Imperial examination' and religious belief was regulated usuriously by a so-called edification expressed as imperial reign ideology extracted to an implementation situation, revealing that this court dance was characterized by a variety of performances including the 'Zhongkui'. The results of the following study intends to provide a positive foundation for not only the field of Chinese studies but also the field of Korean literature, theatre, dance, folklore, religion, anthropology and art.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2301-2305
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• 2013

Ardisia crispa (Family: Myrsinaceae) is an evergreen, fruiting shrub that has been traditionally used as folklore medicine. Despite a scarcity of research publications, we have succeeded in showing suppressive effects on murine skin papillomagenesis. In extension, the present research was aimed at determining the effect of a quinone-rich fraction (QRF) isolated from the same root hexane extract on both initiation and promotion stages of carcinogenesis, at the selected dose of 30 mg/kg. Mice (groups I-IV) were initiated with a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(${\alpha}$)anthracene (DMBA, $100{\mu}g/100{\mu}l$) followed by repeated promotion of croton oil (1%) twice weekly for 20 weeks. In addition, group I (anti-initiation) received QRF 7 days before and after DMBA; group II (anti-promotion) received QRF 30 minutes before each croton oil application; group III (anti-initiation/promotion) was treated with QRF as a combination of group I and II. A further two groups served as vehicle control (group V) and treated control (group VI). As carcinogen control, group IV showed the highest tumor volume ($8.79{\pm}5.44$) and tumor burden ($3.60{\pm}1.17$). Comparatively, group III revealed only 20% of tumor incidence, tumor burden ($3.00{\pm}1.00$) and tumor volume ($2.40{\pm}1.12$), which were significantly different from group IV. Group II also showed significant reduction of tumor volume (3.11), tumor burden (3.00) and tumor incidence (11.11%), along with prominent increase of latency period of tumor formation (week 12). Group I, nonetheless, demonstrated marked increment of tumor incidence by 40% with prompted latency period of tumor formation (week 7). No tumor formation was observed in groups V and VI. This study provided clear evidence of inhibitory effects of QRF during promotion period which was in agreement with our previous findings. The mechanism(s) underlying such effects have yet to be elucidated.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Tiger Beetles(Carabidae, Cicindelinae) were collected in the Province of Chollabukdo including some nearby islands from April 1997 to October 2002. The specimens of ca. 500 deposited in Sunchon National University, Chonbuk National University, the Jeju Folklore and Natural History Museum, and elsewhere were also examined. As a result, Korean Cicindelinae of 18 species from 10 subgenera is reported herein. Of these, Cicindela (Cylindera) obliquefasciata Adams, 1817 and Cicindeia (Cephalota) chiloleuca Fisher, 1820 are recorded newly in the Korean Peninsula. However, the distribution of C. japana is very doubtful in South Korea. This study also includes a key to the species, discussions on the habitats, distributions, and some ecological characteristics of Korean Cicindelinae.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

Oriental Medicine has long been centered around Qi[vital force], hence adopting Qigong and the art of regimen for training the body and relaxing the mind so as to prevent and heal illness. It has not been such a long time since Qigong method had been performed and spot-lighted out of numerous methods in Oriental Medicine. In China and Korea alone, diverse cases and papers are published, only revealing so many steps toward the establishment of diachronic description, theoretical foundation, and clinical practice. Historical approach is an essential part of recognizing a subject. When you step along its path and comprehend what it were, you can also grasp what it is and what it will be. Establishment of Qigong history is also vital to research Qigong in theory and practice. Generally, Qigong was transmitted from China to Korea, whereas the opposite explanation, that it originated from Korean Taoism, is supported by the minority based on certain texts concerning ancient history. In this paper, I support the theory of Korean originality based on the following grounds: First, the location of Qi and Van, the motherland of Chinese Taoism provides a strong evidence that Korean tradition had been absorbed by them and formed the tradition of mystic hermits(shenxian). Second, Guangchengzi, the originator of mystic hermits, is from Dongyi tribe according to Cheonghakjib. Third, the myth of Dangun has pure form of unique Korean folklore possessing the distinctive feature of mystic hermits tradition, uninfluenced by Chinese Taoism. Fourth, in ideographical aspect, the character 'xian(仙)', was invented as the Korean concept of mystic hermits[xian] was flowed in to China. Moreover, There is high probability that it was based on the concept of mystic hermits shown in the myth of Dangun in Its original formation. Fifth, considering the relation between wild ginseng and the tradition of mystic hermits, that tradition can be formed very naturally in Korean area. Sixth, the analogical similarity between archetype of Korean tradition and Taoistic trilogy, the foundational idea of the tradition, gives genealogical basis to its origin. Seventh, the tradition of mystic hermits and Shamanism, which constitues the prototype of Korean mind as an original religious tradition, are undiscernible in their root In Conclusion, We can reach the idea that the origin of Qigong derives from Korean tradition, not that of China. The tradition of mystic hermits was transformed to ego-centric seclusionism when it faced the anarchy of Warring states period in China, whereas it was developed into humane proriety and worship of Heaven base on the programme of 'universal fraternity in pursuit of interst for man'. In prospect, it is highly required to develop and interpret traditional discipline methods in Korea so as to utilize them for clinical Qigong in practice.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2007

This study was based on the breeding process of the Pacific Reef Herons (Egretta sacra) bred in Aewol-eup, Jeju Island, for two years from February 2004 to June 2005. The clutch size of the pacific reef herons was $3.24{\pm}0.75$(N=17, range: $2{\sim}4$), and the egg-laying was at dawn or night intervals of one to three days. The major diameter of the egg(N=39) was $46.73{\pm}1.91mm$, the minor diameter thereof $34.06{\pm}0.83mm$, the weight thereof $27.67{\pm}3.12g$, and the thickness of the egg shell thereof $0.26{\pm}0.03mm$. In relation to the breeding cycles of the Pacific Reef Herons, the nesting or nest repairing was made from February to the end of April each year, the egg laying from the beginning of March to the beginning of May, the hatching from the beginning of April to the middle of May, and the nest departure from the middle of May to the end of July. The supplement brood was started immediately from May to June when the first brood had failed. The incubation period was $28.17{\pm}4.12(N=6)$ days, and hatched asynchronously. The fledgling period was $40.00{\pm}6.84(N=5)$ days, and bill, wing, tarsus and weight developments of early hatched nestlings were the fastest among the same brood. Compared with other egret species, the egg laying period of the Pacific Reef Heron was faster than that of the Black-crowned Night Heron, Little Egret and Great Egret, but later than that of Grey Heron, in Korea.