• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 2015

The Folin-Denis assay using the Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reagent has been commonly used for analyzing the total phenolic compound content in various food products. In the present study, the effects of proteins on the reactivity of the F-C reagent with different phenolic compounds were investigated. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) or skim milk proteins showed a concentration-dependent increase in color response in the Folin-Denis assay; these proteins decreased the color response of most phenolic compounds tested. The reactivity of phenolic compounds was significantly less pronounced in the presence of BSA and this interference was greater at higher concentrations of phenolic compounds. The reactivity of phenolic compounds with the F-C reagent was reduced significantly by their oxidation; the reaction of the oxidized products with the F-C reagent was more severely affected by BSA. The interfering effects in the Folin-Denis assay might be attributable to binding interactions of phenolic compounds with proteins.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.783-790
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• 2020

The present study investigates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Mangifera indica L. leaf extract. The total polyphenol content was measured using the Folin-Denis method. Results showed that the M. indica L. leaf extract of water and 70% ethanol showed a content of 440.83±1.02, 475.63±1.3 mg/100 g tannic acid equivalent. To assess antioxidant activity and electron-donating ability, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity were measured, and all extracts were found to be highly efficacious. To assess cell viability of the extract from M. indica L. leaf on macrophage cells (RAW 264.7), a 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2- yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide assay was performed. The following experiments were conducted in section where cells was not shown of toxicity. In order to effectively determine anti-inflammatory activity, inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells was examined using a Griess assay. The result showed that M. indica L. leaf extract concentration-dependently inhibited NO production. M. indica L. leaf extract was measured using Western blot, reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that to find the production of pro-inflammatory factor on stimulated RAW 264.7 cells of LPS. According to the results of this study, the M. indica L. leaf extract showed excellent effectiveness in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, thus confirming its usability as a natural material and a functional raw material for cosmetics.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity of each fraction from Sedum sarmentosum. Antioxidant activity of each fraction was measured using the DPPH radical assay, the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The antioxidant activities were then compared with that of BHT(synthetic antioxidant). The ethyl acetate and butanol fractions were found to have significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, with scavenging potencies showing 90.61 % and 87.02%, respectively. Total phenolic compound contents, determined according to the Folin-Denis method, were found to be in the order of ethyl acetate>butanol>ethanol>chloroform>aqueous fraction. From the results, we have been able to establish a positive correlation between the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic compound content of the sample. The antioxidant activity in a linoleic acid system was measured using the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity among the tested fractions. On the basis of these results, the ethyl acetate fraction provided equivalent or higher antioxidant activity as compared to BHT. These results suggest that Sedum sarmentosum is a potentially useful antioxidant for foods, cosmetics, and medicine.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.232-239
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• 2012

A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the content of phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity from methanol extracts of different plant parts of $T.$ $officinale$ F. H. Wigg. Total phenolics [mg chlorogenic acid equivalents (FAE) $kg^{-1}$ DW] was highest in flower extracts (72.0 mg $kg^{-1}$), followed by leaf, root, and stalk extracts of $T.$ $officinale$ ($p$ < 0.05). The result of total flavonoid level [mg naringin equivalents $kg^{-1}$ DW] had same tendency to differential total phenolics contents among plant parts, but showed lower ranges of amount. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts from all the plant parts dose-dependently increased. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical) free radical scavenging activity was highest in flower extracts ($IC_{50}$ value = 624.3 mg $kg^{-1}$ ), and followed by leaf, root, and stalk extracts of $T.$ $officinale$ ($p$ < 0.05). By means of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, cell viability of Calu-6 for human pulmonary carcinoma and SNU-601 for human gastric carcinoma showed the lowest $IC_{50}$ value in the flower extracts ($IC_{50}$ value = 85.7 and 311.4 mg $kg^{-1}$, respectively), indicating the highest cytotoxicity. The results suggested that total phenolics content and total flavonoids level in different plant parts of $T.$ $officinale$ were highly correlated with antioxidative ($r^2$=0.7280 to 0.9971) or with cytotoxic activities ($r^2$=0.5795 to 0.9515).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 2011

Panax ginseng has been used as a traditional medicine for several centuries in Korea. A laboratory experiment using methanol extracts of freeze-dried leaves and roots in the different ages of P. ginseng was conducted to determine the content of phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. The results indicate that the total phenolics level [mg ferulic acid equivalents (FAE) $kg^{-1}$ DW] was higher in leaves (22.0 to 76.3 mg $kg^{-1}$) than roots (19.0 to 28.3 mg $kg^{-1}$) of P. ginseng. The total content of phenolics in roots increased with increase in age of P. ginseng from one to six years. However, the content of phenolics in P. ginseng leaf decreased with the increase in age. Total flavonoid [mg naringin equivalents $kg^{-1}$ DW] was more detected in the leaves (30.3 to 138.6 mg $kg^{-1}$) than in the roots (0.0 to 10.6 mg $kg^{-1}$) of P. ginseng. The total flavonoid level in leaves decreased with increase in age of P. ginseng. The antioxidant potential of the methanol extracts from the plants dose-dependently increased. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was higher in leaves (36.9 to 82.8%) than in roots (14.8 to 39.4%), and in young plants than in old ones. According to 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the methanol extracts from 5 year-root part showed the highest cytotoxicity against Calu-6, followed by 2 year- and 3 year-roots. However, the methanol extracts from 6 year- and 4 year-roots had lower cytotoxicity. Total phenolics content in both leaves and roots was highly correlated with the DPPH radical scavenging ($r^2=0.7366$ to 0.7870) and nitrite scavenging ($r^2=0.5604$ to 0.8794) activities, suggesting that they contribute to the antioxidant properties of the P. ginseng plants.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.233-240
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• 2005

To discover new functional materials using edible plants, antioxidant activities of methanol extracts from various parts of seven wild vegetables were investigated in vitro. Total polyphenol contents, determined by Folin-Denis method, varied from 16.74 to $130.22{\mu}g/mg$. Radical-scavenging activities of methanol extracts were examined using ${\alpha},\;{\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-pirrylhydrazyl$ (DPPH) radicals and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. Inhibition effects on peroxidation of linoleic acid determined by ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method and on oxidative degradation of 2-deoxy-D-ribose in Fenton-type reaction system were dose-dependent. Athyrium acutipinulum Kodama (leaf and rood), Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai (seed), and Solidago virga-aurea var. gigantea Nakai (root) showed relatively high antioxidant activities in various systems.