• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.25-43
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• 2003

This study is to classify the types of Jikryung and to look into formative . periodic Characteristics. Results of analyzing can be described as follows. 1. Jikryung in the Chosun Era was classified according to whether it had a side hem. Jikryung which had side hem was reclassified according to the position of the side hem into inside, inside and outside and outside fold types and backward leaning type. Jikryung with no side hem was reclassified into types of closed and opened sides. 2. Concerning formative Characteristics, the type of inside fold was coexisted with the types of short front and long rear, the same front and rear, and narrow sleeves, bean chaff typed sleeves. Inside and outside fold type was used the type of short front and long rear, narrow sleeves. Outside fold type was used the type of same front and rear, bean chaff typed sleeves. Backward leaning type was used the same front and rear, wide sleeves. The types of closed and opened sides transformed from double Sup to single Sup and from narrow sleeves to bean chaff in its form and wide sleeves. 3. Concerning periodic Characteristics, the 1st period of Jikryung with side hem showed up the type of inside and outside fold, the 2nd period did the type of outside fold, The 3rd period did the type of backward leaning. Regarding Jikryung with no side hem, its 1st and 3rd periods saw the type of closed side, while its 2nd period coexisted with the types of closed and opened sides.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 2018

The office-based, un-sedated vocal fold injection laryngoplasty has re-emerged in the past decade as an appealing alternative to microsuspension laryngoscopic procedure which is conducted under general anesthesia. The trend toward vocal fold injection laryngoplasty in an in-office setting was possible due to technological evolution for visualization and new injection materials. However, invisibility of the injection needle has been the main shortcomings of cricothyroid approach. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date review of office-based, trans-cricothyroid membrane approach injection laryngoplasty technique under local anesthesia and efforts made to increase the preciseness of amount and location of the injected materials in the management of glottic insufficiency. A review of variable efforts undertaken to maximize the result of cricothyroid approach by technically increasing accuracy of the location of needle tip was done. With the proper patient selection and utilization of the new technologies, office-based and un-sedated vocal fold injection laryngoplasty via cricothyroid approach can be redeem as a main-stay in the management of glottic insufficiency, such as vocal fold paralysis, vocal fold paresis, vocal fold atrophy and vocal fold scar.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2019

This study describes a large recumbent fold, which occurs at the north entrance slope of the Batjae tunnel, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, and interprets its formation mechanism. The several-hundred-meter scale fold, developed in the Jeongseon Limestone of the Paleozoic Joseon Supergroup, has a nearly horizontal axial plane and its head is facing north. Stretching lineations ($L_1$) observed on the composite foliations of bedding and axial plane cleavage plunge southward at about $10^{\circ}$. Small A-type or eye-shaped sheath folds together with S-shaped asymmetrical folds are often observed in the fold limbs and their axes are nearly parallel to the lineations ($L_1$) within center and rear parts of the fold. It is thus interpreted that the recumbent fold is a large sheath fold produced by the top-to-the-north ductile shearing due to the Songrim orogeny during the late Paleozoic to Triassic.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.68-76
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• 2012

Contemporary architecture has a tendency to concretely approach based on the concept of Deuleuze's 'fold' diversity problems creating continuously potential diversities within Post-structural paradigm. Contemporary architecture relates to human life through its relation with human being. The research investigates through case study the possible relation of the concept of Deulezue's 'fold', one of his concepts of 'unfolding' based on Monadology, with logic of creation that constructs a space in contemporary architectural space. Eight contemporary architectural spaces since 1990 with architectural embodiment of Deulezue's 'fold' concept have been selected as cases. Based on the fact that the potential possibility of a space can be embodied by the thinking of 'fold', the research draws four physical activities such as 'properties connection', 'beyond border', 'diversity of circulation' and 'potential opportunity', through which it studies on the principle of actualization of space creation. Consideration of metaphysical theory as a pre-modern and outdated one may lose a huge potentiality. Leibniz's metaphysics can be rediscovered as a model that provides diverse potentiality. The concept of 'fold' in Monadology needs be reconsidered because it possibly suggests a methodology that embodies through the actualization of space the meanings underlain in contemporary architectural space.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2004

Background and Objectives : Temporary vocal fold injection is not only performed to restore the laryngeal function in temporary unilateral vocal fold paralysis or paresis, but also performed as a test injection prior to the permanent injection. Gelfoam has been safely used for the past several decades for the temporary vocal fold augmentation. Recently, we found a new material, called Radieses Lite, may be used as a temporary injection material. Material and Methods : We report preliminary results of 11 patients who had Radiesse Lite injection with a variety of pathologies. Results : Based on the results from the 6 patients who completed follow-up, the duration of effectiveness of Radiesse Lite seems to be from 2 to 3 months depending on the injection amount. Radiesse Lite satisfies several requirements of the ideal temporary vocal fold injection material in terms of injectability, convenience, duration of effectiveness and safety. Conclusion : The authors concluded that Radiesse Lite might be a good option for temporary vocal fold injection especially in the office setting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 1998

Type Ⅰ thyuroplasty in conjunction with arytenoid adduction is one of the excellent techniques in the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis. But perioperative objective evaluation of the patients is difficult. With the development of the videostroboscopy and image analysis program, we could quantify the Glottal Area Waveform(GAW) in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis and investigated the relationship between the glottal area and aerodynamic and acoustic parameters. Eight female patients who were performed type Ⅰ thyroplasty in conjunction with arytenoid adduction and 5 females with normal vocal function were involved in this study. Preoperative and postoperative videostroboscopy and vocal function study wire performed. GAW was analysed quantitatively with image analysis program (Kay Stroboscope Image analysis, KSIP) Peak Glottal Area(PGA), Baseline Offset(BO), and Closing Phase(CP) were increased in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis and they were reduced after the operation. Mean flow Rate (MFR) was well correlated with the PGA in normal control group and unilateral vocal fold paralysis patients. Noise to harmonic ratio(NHR) was correlated with PGA only in preoperative unilateral vocal fold paralysis patients. In conclusion quantitative measurement of the GAW is useful method in evaluation of unilateral vocal f31d paralysis patients.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of green and taste teas on the in-vitro antimicrobial activity and vacuolating toxin titer of Helicobacter pylori. Crude aqueous extracts prepared by adding 2 g of tea leaf or powder to 100 ml of boiling distilled water, and sterilized by passing through a 0.22 $mutextrm{m}$ membrane filter. Green tea, coffee, and ginger tea showed bactericidal activity on H. pylori within 3 hours. Black tea and ssangwha tea also showed bactericidal activity on H. pylori in 24 hours. Arrowroot tea show no bactericidal effect on H. pylori after 48 hours. Two fold diluted green tea and coffee decreased(1/10,000cfu) the growth of H. pylori in 24 hours, but the two fold diluted black tea, ssangwha tea, and ginger tea showed suppression effect upon of(1/10cfu) H. pylori in 24 hours. The two-fold and 10-fold diluted green tea, coffee and two-fold diluted black tea abrogated the vacuolating toxin titer of H. pylori, but the two-fold and 10-fold diluted ginger, ssangwha, ginseng, and arrowroot tea only reduced the vacuolating toxin titer of H.pylori from 1/2 to 1/8. These result suggest that green tea and coffee have effective antibacterial or bactericidal effects on H.pylori, and that they also have a neutralization effect upon the vacuolating toxin of H.pylori.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2019

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Vocal fold paralysis secondary to sarcoidosis is extremely rare but it can develop as a result of compressive lymphadenopathy, granulomatous infiltration, and neural involvement. We report the case of a 56-year-old woman who presented with unilateral vocal fold paralysis and enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes. Computed tomography of the neck revealed multiple, enlarged, and matted lymph nodes at the cervical level of IV. An ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of the lymph node was performed, and a histopathological diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made by validating the presence of noncaseating granuloma. After implementation of steroid therapy, the patient exhibited immediate recovery from vocal fold paralysis. Although an extremely rare disease, sarcoidosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of vocal fold paralysis. Accurate diagnosis and prompt steroid treatment may reduce the morbidity of patients with vocal fold paralysis secondary to sarcoidosis.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.237-243
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• 1989

These studies were conducted to investigate the development of chemical resistance in two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) through alternate selection for a given period of time with four acaricides including ethion of organophophours compound, dicofol of organo-chlorine compound, cyhexatin of organo-tin compound, and biphenthrin of synthetic pyrethroid compound; and to examine multiple-resistance among the acaricides to the selected populations. The development levels of chemical resistance in the two-spotted spider mite were greatly varied under alternate selection with the different chemical-group combination of four acaricides. Resistant levels of the ethion/dicofol-selected population at 13th-13th generation showed 49.4-fold resistance to ethion and 18.1-fold to dicofol; the ethion/cyhexatin-selected population at 9th-9th generation exhibited 28.1-fold to ethion and 5-fold to cyhexatin; the ethion/biphenthrin-selectd population at 10th-10th generation revealed 39.8-fold to ethion and 19.2-fold to biphenthrin. However, the dicofol/cyhexatin-selected population at 9th-9th generation showed 11.3-fold to dicofol and 4.9-fold to cyhexatin, and the dicofol/biphenthrin-selected population at 12th-12th generation exhibited 11.2-fold to dicofol and 9.4- fold to biphenthrin, while the cyhexatin/biphenthrin-selected population at 9th-9th generation revealed 3.7-fold to cyhexatin and 7.7-fold to biphenthrin. In case of alternate selection, the ehtion/dicofol-selected population revealed moderate multiple-resistance level to biphenthrin. The ethion/cyhexatin-selected and the ethion/biphenthrin-selected populations showed low mutiple-resistance level to biphenthrin and dicofol, respectively. However, the dicofol/cyhexatin-selected, the dicofol/biphenthrin-selected and the cyhexatin/biphenthrin-selected populations exhibited high multiple-resistance level to ethion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2011

Background and Objectives : Vocal fold bowing is an organic voice disorder that is associated with an abnormal structure of the vocal folds whereas vocal fold polyp is a functional voice disorder caused by an abnormal use of the vocal folds. Both types of vocal folds share a common property in that they make one's voice breathy or strained. The purpose of this study is to compare voice from two types of vocal folds and to offer information of clinical importance. Materials and Method: Vocal fold bowing and vocal fold polyp groups consisted of 7 male subjects, respectively. All subjects recorded /a/ in the state of measuring MPT (maximum phonation time), repeating 3 times, by a voice recorder (48 kHz sampling rate; 24 bit quantization). They answered the questions of K-VHI. Time domain parameters (such as perturbation parameters including HNR, Jitter, etc.) were calculated for the whole duration of /a/ and those of the frequency domain were measured in initial 40 ms and stable 40 ms of /a/, respectively. Mann-Whitney V-test was used for the time domain parameters and K-VHI survey, and Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to the frequency domain parameters (H1, H2, H1-H2). Results: For K-VHI survey and the time domain analysis, there was no significant difference between bowing and polyp group. For frequency domain analysis, H1 and H2 showed a significantly different result between two groups. Vocal fold bowing group has longer duration and lower intensity than that of vocal fold polyp group in the 'aspirated interval', which could be observable prior to ordinary vowel oscillation. Conclusion: Both groups seem to show breathy voice. This could be referred on the basis of the value of H1-H2. The K-VHI survey says that subjects with vocal fold bowing feel more uncomfortable than subjects with vocal fold polyp.