• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.738-746
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• 1995

Greenhouse studies were carried out to find the difference of growth, weed competition and herbicides response in barley(Hordeum vulgare L. emend Larnark) under foggy and non-foggy condition. Plant height, leaf stage, leaf width and shoot fresh weight of barley under foggy condition were greatly increased, while heading rate ripening rate and number of grains per panicle of barley were reduced. Weed emergence based on fresh weight was much greater under foggy than that under non-foggy condition. Plant height of barley under foggy condition was increased comparing with non-foggy condition and significantly reduced with increasing the duration of weed competition, while 1,000-grain weight of barley reduced by the early competition(0∼20 days). Among the herbicides treated, butachlor and thiobencarb inhibited growth of barley under foggy than non-foggy condition. Plant height of barley treated of herbicides under foggy condition was ever increased but 1,000-grain weight of barley was reduced. Weeding efficacy(75-90%) by shoot fresh weight of weeds under foggy condition at 25 days after application was lower 3 to 15% than that under non-foggy condition.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 1995

The objectives of the present study were to find out 1)the differences in growth of radish under foggy and non-foggy condition, 2)the weed competition between radish and major upland weeds including Echinochloa crus-galli, 3)difference in response of radish to herbicide and weed, and finally 4)the fundamental data for the establishment of radish weed control system under locational foggy regions. The research was carried out by tray in greenhouse equipped with Auto Foggy System(SAE KI RIN Co.) and results were summarized as follows. 1. Plant height and shoot fresh weight of radish cultivars(long skirt, delicious altari, green mascot) were not different at the early growth(8 to 38 days after seeding), but increased at 55 days after seeding under foggy condition. Root fresh weight increased only in green mascot cultivar tinder foggy condition. Chlorophyll contents were higher in all the cultivars of radish under foggy condition. 2. Plant height and shoot fresh weight increased at 0 and 20 days of weed competition under foggy condition. Root fresh weight increased at 0, 20 and 35 days of competition under foggy condition. Above 50 days-competition, there was no difference between foggy and non-foggy condition. 3. Napropamide, alachlor and linuron did not show any differences in plant height and shoot fresh weight between foggy and non-foggy condition. Molinate reduced the root fresh weight at 65 days after seeding tinder foggy condition. 4. No difference in weeding efficacy by any herbicides tested was found tinder foggy condition. Weeding efficacy of Aeschynomene indica was reduced under foggy condition.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.270-277
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• 1995

The research was carried out in tray in greenhouse equipped with Auto Foggy Systems(SAE KI RIN Co.) and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The number of leaves and fresh weight of Chinese cabbage were not different, but the plant height was increased due to foggy condition. 2. Plant height was decreased in 40 and 60 days of weed competition by foggy condition, the number of leaves was not different. And, shoot fresh weight was decreased by in all the duration of weed competition under foggy condition. Especially, that was greater in 40 days. 3. The shoot fresh weight was decreased by pendimethaline and napropamide application under foggy condition. Also, the number of leaves was decreased at 60 days after transplanting by pendimethaline application under foggy condition. 4. Pendimethalin, napropamide and alachlor treatments were not different in the weeding efficacy between non-foggy and foggy conditions. Trifluraline showed lower weeding efficacy by seedling emergence of large crabgrass as the days of treatment got longer under foggy condition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 1996

Greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the specifics in growth, weed competition, and herbicide response of soybean(Glycine max) under foggy condition. Plant height and leaf stage of soybean under foggy condition were greatly increased through all growing stage comparing with non-foggy condition. At 100 days after seeding, plant height of soybean also was increased by 14％ while number of pods, number of grains per pod were reduced by 16, 24 and 23％, respectively comparing with non-foggy condition. On the other hand, plant height of soybean under foggy condition was reduced with increasing the duration of competition and this tendency was similar to non-foggy condition. Plant height was reduced by above 50-day competition. Number of pods per plant of soybean was reduced regardless of foggy condition. Among the herbicides treated, quizalofop caused slightly crop injury under foggy condition, but the other herbicides did not affect growth of soybean. Number of pods and 100-grain weight of soybean by treatment of herbicides were similar to that of the untreated control but those of soybean under foggy condition were significantly reduced. At 40 days after herbicide application, weeding efficacy (based on shoot fresh weight) of herbicides treated under foggy and non-foggy condition, released exellent data(above than 97％) in all regardless foggy condition.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.262-269
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• 1995

The reseach was conducted to find out if there are any difference in growth, specific pattern in weed competition, and herbicide response of Korean lawngrass(Zoysia japonica Steud.) in a green house equipped with auto-foggy system. Plant height and leaf stage of Korean lowngrass under foggy condition were increased through all growing stages, whereas the number of tillers and shoot fresh weight harvested at 100 days after seeding were reduced by 24% and 29%, respectively, comparing with non-foggy condition. Weed emergence(total fresh weight) under foggy condition was much greater than that under non-foggy condition. Plant height, number of tillers, number of plant and shoot fresh weight of lawngrass under foggy condition were severely reduced with increasing the duration of competition(above 40 day-competition). Among the herbicides treated, oxyfluorfen completely inhibited plant height of lawngrass regardless of foggy condition, and bensulide considerably inhibited plant height of lawngrass under foggy condition. On the other hand, flazasulfuron did not affect the growth of lawngrass under both foggy and non-foggy conditions. At 40 days after herbicides application, weeding efficacy of bensulide and mecoprop under foggy condition were reduced by 6% and 13%, respectively, comparing with non-foggy condition.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.221-231
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• 1995

The objectives of the present study were to find out the differences in growth and weed competition of rice under the foggy and non-foggy condition, and finally, the fundamental data for the establishment of the paddy weed control system under the locational foggy regions. The research was carried out on tin trays ($0.12m^2$) in greenhouse equipped with an Auto Foggy System(SAE KI RTN Co.). The results are summarized as follows: Exp. I. Difference in rice growth under the foggy and non-foggy condition. 1. While the plant height was not affected, the number of tillers was decreased by the foggy condition. The ratio of the number of effective tiller, however, became higher under the foggy condition. 2. Due to the fog present, the heading rate was decreased and heading time was delayed. 3. The foggy condition did not affect the dry weight of rice straw whether they were grown under the foggy or non-foggy condition. However, yield components such as the number of ears, the number of grains per ear, thousand kernel weight and percentage of ripeness were reduced. Particularly, weights of perfect brown and unpolished rice were also decreased. Exp. II. Effect of the duration of competition between weed and rice grown under the foggy condition on the growth of rice plant. 1. There was no difference in the height of rice grown under a different duration of competition. There was a clear tendency that the number of tillers of rice grown under the foggy condition was decreased as the duration of competition was decreased. 2. When the duration of competition was longer than 60 days, the heading rate was decreased and the initiation of heading was also delayed by 2-4 days. 3. Under the foggy condition, the duration of competition for more than 40 days affected dry weight of rice straw and the difference in yield was greatest in the non-competition and competition for more than 40 days.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 1995

The research was carried out in tray ($0.12m^2$) in greenhouse ($30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$${\sim}$$25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) equipped with Auto Foggy System (SAE KI RIN Co.) and results are summarized as follows: 1. Bifenox and bensulfuron retarded the growth of rice under foggy condition and the weeding efficacy among the herbicides tested was not different. 2. Weeds under foggy condition emerged at smaller amounts than under the non-foggy condition. bensulfuron, molinate and bifenox showed the high weeding efficacy. There was a tendency that molinate reduced the number of tillers at 20 and 60 days after transplanting. 3. Among the herbicides tested, only the molinate reduced the dry weight and yield of rice significantly.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.116-127
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• 2017

A fog on road is known as a weather factor that affects traffic flow. The method in order to solve the problem, recently, Variable Speed Limit(VSL) which provide reasonable speed limit by road and weather conditions in real time is introduced. However, if drivers do not comply with VSL, the road safety more decrease than without VSL because individual vehicle's speed deviation is larger than without VSL. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze to speed limit compliance and traffic characteristics under foggy conditions with and without VSL. A test using driving simulator divides into normal and foggy condition with visibilities are 200m, 150, 50~100m. The test results showed that 70 subjects's average speed mostly obeyed speed limit, but speed deviation generally declined with VSL. Especially, the speed deviation more reduced under foggy conditions. According to this study, compliance of VSL clearly rose in low visibility and VSL helped improve road safety due to reduction of speed deviation. The results of this study are expected to make use of reasonable speed limit for reference.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.331-342
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• 2010

Aerosol physical properties have been measured at Pusan National University by using the 16-channel LPC(Laser Particle Counter), and particle characteristics have been examined for the period from Aug. 4 2007 to Dec. 30, 2008. Annual total average, seasonal average, and other averages of the meteorologically classified four categories such as Asian dust, precipitation, foggy, and clear days are respectively described here. Both annually and seasonally averaged number concentration show three peaks at the particle diameter of 0.3, 1.3, and $4{\mu}m$, respectively. However, the first peak for summer season tends to be shifted toward smaller size than other seasons, implying the strong fine particle generation. Meteorological condition shows strong contrast in aerosol concentrations. In Asian dust case, relatively lower number concentrations of fine particles (i.e., smaller than $0.5{\mu}m$) were predominant, while higher concentrations of coarse particles were found particularly for the size bigger than $0.5{\mu}m$. In precipitation day, number concentrations were decreased by approximately 30% due to the removal process of precipitation. Foggy day shows significantly higher concentrations for fine particles, implying the importance of the aerosol condensation process of micro-fine-particle growing to fine-particle. Finally the regressed particle size distribution function was fitted optimally with two log-normal distribution, and discussed the similarities and differences among four categorized cases of the Asian dust, precipitation, foggy, and clear days.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2013

This study is to make a protype of forecast guidance for forecasters from analyzing the characteristics of Korea Fog. The trend of Korea fog showed the decline in the number of foggy days and the duration time, the gradient is -1.24days/year under 3 miles and -0.98days/year under 1 mile and -1.64hours/year under 3 miles and -3.18hours/year under 1 mile in duration time in 27 ROKAF base. To find the protype of inland and coastal forecast guidance, Daegu base as a representation of the inland base and Gangneung base as the representation of the coastal base were chosen. For Daegu base, the mixture of relative humidity, sky condition, and the position of high pressure were selected for the forecast guidance. For Gangneung base, pressure pattern, sea surface temperature, sea currents, and 850hPa temperature patterns were selected for the forecast guidance.