• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.397-398
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• 2012

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2012

This study surveys the characteristics of the PU/MWNT foaming film according to foaming conditions. For this purpose, firstly, 16 kinds of PU/MWNT forming films were prepared with 4 kinds of dispersion solutions (IPA/MWNT, DMF/MWNT, MEK/MWNT, and Toluene/MWNT) and 4 kinds of blowing agents (organic I, organic II, capsule, and inorganic). The electrical resistivity of these PU/MWNT foaming films according to the dispersion solutions and blowing agents were analysed and discussed with surface profile and cell morphology of measured by SEM. And secondly, 24 kinds of PU/MWNT foaming films were also prepared with 2 kinds of IPA dispersion solution contents and 3 kinds of blowing agents with variation of the blowing temperatures and film thickness. The physical properties of the PU/MWNT foaming films such as electrical resistivity (surface and volume) and triboelectricity with cell morphology were measured and discused through the quantities of IPA, blowing agent added and also physical conditions(temperature, thickness so on) for establishing optimum foaming conditions with good electrostatic dissipation.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.174-177
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• 2010

We have developed an environment-friendly etching process, an alternative to the dichromic acid etching process, as a pretreatment of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic for electroless plating. In order to plate ABS plastic in an electroless way, there should be fine holes on the surface of the ABS plastic to enhance mechanically the adhesion strength between the plastic surface and the plate. To make these holes, the surface was coated uniformly with dispersed chemical foaming agents in a mixture of environmentally friendly dispersant and solvent by the methods of dipping or direct application. The solvent seeps into just below the surface and distributes the chemical foaming agents uniformly beneath the surface. After drying off the surface, the surface was heated at a temperature well below the glass transition temperature of ABS plastic. By pyrolysis, the chemical foaming agents made fine holes on the surface. In order to discover optimum conditions for the formation of fine holes, the mixing ratio of the solvent, the dispersant and the chemical foaming agent were controlled. After the etching process, the surface was plated with nickel. We tested the adhesion strength between the ABS plastic and nickel plate by the cross-cutting method. The surface morphologies of the ABS plastic before and after the etching process were observed by means of a scanning electron microscope.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.680-683
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• 2004

This study is to obtain basic data concerned with properties of foam for foamed concrete and foaming method. Main factors of this study are types of foaming agents, temperature of solution with foaming agents, and types of foam generator. Testing items are size distribution of foam, foaming ratio to solution, and stability of foam. The results of this study were shown as follow. It is optimum condition of foam generator that length/diameter of foaming tube is 2.0, bead size within foaming tube is $4\~6mm$, and nozzle size of foaming tube is 10mm. AES and AOS are good results to produce high quality foam, and stability of foam is good in foaming temperature of $20^{\circ}C$.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2023

To reduce the weight of the engineering plastic Nylon 6 resin, two high-temperature foaming agents, p-toluenesulfonyl semicarbazide (PTSS) and 5-phenyltetrazole (5-PT) (0-10 phr), were added and foamed without other additives. We investigated the effects of the foaming agent type and content on the foam density (g/cm³) and percent weight reduction rate of the Nylon 6 foam, and 5-PT exhibited better foaming performance than PTSS. In the case of 5-PT, the weight reduction rate was above 36% when the blowing agent content was 1.5 phr or higher, indicating that 5-PT is an effective blowing agent for reducing the Nylon 6 foam weight. Additionally, we studied the effect of the nucleating agent Talc content (0-0.4 phr) on Nylon 6 foaming, and the nucleating agent Talc considerably reduced foaming.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2012

Four types of foaming agents, including Alcohol Ethoxy Sulfate (AES), Alpha Olefin Sulfonate (AOS), Vegetable Soap (VS), and Fe-Protein (FP), are widely used in the construction field. These have different surface tensions and viscosities in water of the same concentration, affecting the flow speed of liquid, size and distribution of foam, and foam stability. However, there is a lack of data regarding the properties of foam concrete using various foam agents. The purpose of this study is to investigate influence of foaming agents on the properties of foamed concretes with various densities. We find that the foaming agent type has little effect on the density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity of foam concrete, but considerably affects the unit weight of foam, flow and flexural strength of foamed concrete. While almost all properties of foam concrete are affected by density in fresh or hardened state, the potential energy changed by slurry density and the viscosity of foam are dominant factors in the flowability of foam slurry.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2004

Low foaming scouring agents (LSSA) were prepared by blending of amine salt of dodecylbenzene sulfone, poly (PO-b-EO) glycol, Newpol PP-2000, MJU-100, ethylene glycol and organic solvent. As the results of several tests, LSSA-2 showed good scouring effect, penetrating ability and emulsifiability, and showed not much water pollution. The foaming power of LSSA-2 measured by Ross & Miles method was 11mm foam height immediately after foaming. And the foaming power of LSSA-2 measured by Ross & Clark method were less than 310mm foam height at $30^{\circ}C$, 17mm at $80^{\circ}C$. As a result, LSSA-2 was proved as a good foaming scouring agent.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2006

Solvent-free low foaming scouring agents (LFSC) were prepared by blending of 2-ethylhexylaminoethyl sulfate (2-EHAS), POE(10) octadecylbenzyl- ammonium chloride (POBAC) and Sedlan FF-200 (FF-200). As the results of several tests, 2-EHAS/POBAC/FF-200/water (8g/12g/20g/60g) mixture (LFSC-5) showed good cleaning power, penetrating ability and stability to alkali, and gave less problem in water pollution. The foaming power of LFSC-5 measured by Ross and Miles method was 8mm foam height immediately after foaming, and that measured by Ross and Clark method was less than 300mm foam height at $30^{\circ}C$, and 18mm at $80^{\circ}C$. As a result, LFSC-5 proved a good low foaming scouring agent for fiber.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.358-364
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• 1993

Low foaming scouring agents(SLFS) were prepared by blending of 2-ethylhexylaminoethyl sulfate, Na-dioctyl sulfosuccinate, Newpol PP-2000, MJU-100, ethylene glycol and organic solvent. As the results of several tests, SLFS-2 showed good scouring effect, penetrating ability, emulsifiability and anti-alkaline property, and showed not much water pollution. The foaming power of SLFS-2 measured by Ross & Mites method was 8mm foam height immediately after foaming. And the foaming power of SLFS-2 measured by Ross & Clark method were less than 300mm foam height at $30^{\circ}C$, and 15mm at $80^{\circ}C$. As a result, SLFS-2 was proved as a good low foaming scouring agent.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.46-61
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• 1985

This study was performed to obtain the basic data which can be applied to the use of foaming mortars. The data was based on the properties of foaming mortars depending upon various mixing ratios and addings to compare those of cement mortar. The foaming agents which was used at this experiment were pre-foamed type and mix-foaming type which is being used as mortar structures. The foaming mortar, mixing ratios of cement to fine aggregate were 1:1, 1: 2, 1 : 3 and 1 : 4. The addings of foaming agents were 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% of cement weight. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. At the mixing ratio of 1 : 1, the lowest water-cement ratios were showed by foaming mortars, respectively. But it gradually was increased in poorer mixing ratio and decreased in more addition of foaming agent. The water-cement ratios were decreased up to 1. 8~22. 0% by G, 2. 2~24. 1 % by U and 0. 7~53. 1% by J foaming mortar than cement mortar. 2, At the mixing ratio of 1 : 1, the highest bulk densities were showed by foaming mortars, respectively. But, it gradually was decreased in poorer mixing ratio and more addition of foaming agent. The bulk densities were decreased up to 1. 4~20. 7% by G, 2. 3~23. 7% by U and 26. 5~56. 5% by J foaming mortar than cement mortar. Therefore, foaming mortar could be utilized to the constructions which need low strengths. 3. At the mixing ratio of 1:1, the lowest absorption rates were showed by foaming mortars, respectively. But, it gradually was increased in poorer mixing ratio and more addition of foaming agent. Specially, according to the absorption rate when immersed in 72 hours, the absorption rates were showed up to 1. 01~1. 24 times by G, 1. 03~1. 58 times by U and 1. 10~5. 91 times by J foaming mortar than cement mortar. It was significantly higher at the early stage of immersed time than cement mortar. 4. At the mixing ratio of 1:1, the lowest air contents were showed by foaming mortars, respectively. But, it gradually was increased in poorer mixing ratio and more addition of foaming agent. Air contents were contented up to 4. 0~17. 2 times by G, 5. 2~23. 2 times by U and 23. 8~74. 5 times by J foaming mortar than cement mortar. 5. At the mixing ratio of 1 : 1, the lowest decreasing rates of strengths were showed by foaming mortars, respectively. But, it gradually was increased in poorer mixing ratio and more addition of foaming agent. Specially, the strengths of 28 days were decreased 0. 4~2. 2% than those of 7 days by foaming mortar, respectively. Also, the correlations between compressive and tensile strength, compressive and ending strength, tensile and bending strength were highly significant as a straight line shaped, respectively. 6. The correlations between absorption rate, air content, compressive strength and bulk density, absorption rate, compressive strength and air content were highly significant, respectively. The multiple regression equations of water-cement ratio, bulk density, absorption ate, air content, compressive strength, tensile strength and bending strength were computed depending on a function of mixing ratio and addition of foaming agent. It was highly significant, respectively. 7. At the mixing ratio of 1 : 1, the highest strengths were showed by cement mortar and foaming mortars, by chemical reagents. But, it gradually was decreased in poorer mixing ratio. The decreasing rates of strengths were in order of H $_2$S0 $_4$, HNO$_3$ and HCI, J,U,G foaming mortar and cement mortar. Specially, at the each mixing ratio, each chemical reagent and 3.0% of foaming agent, J foaming mortar was collapsed obviously. Therefore, for the structures requiring acid resistence, adding of foaming agent should be lower than 3.0%.