• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2006

Solvent-free low foaming scouring agents (LFSC) were prepared by blending of 2-ethylhexylaminoethyl sulfate (2-EHAS), POE(10) octadecylbenzyl- ammonium chloride (POBAC) and Sedlan FF-200 (FF-200). As the results of several tests, 2-EHAS/POBAC/FF-200/water (8g/12g/20g/60g) mixture (LFSC-5) showed good cleaning power, penetrating ability and stability to alkali, and gave less problem in water pollution. The foaming power of LFSC-5 measured by Ross and Miles method was 8mm foam height immediately after foaming, and that measured by Ross and Clark method was less than 300mm foam height at $30^{\circ}C$, and 18mm at $80^{\circ}C$. As a result, LFSC-5 proved a good low foaming scouring agent for fiber.

• 공업화학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.358-364
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• 1993

2-Ethylhexylaminoethyl sulfate, Na-dioctyl sulfosuccinate, Newpol PP-2000, MJU-100, 에틸렌글리콜 및 유기용제 등을 블렌딩하여 저기포성 정련제(SLFS)를 제조하였다. SLFS로서 여러가지 물성시험을 해 본 결과, SLFS-2는 정련효과, 침투력, 유화력, 내알칼리성 등이 양호하였으며, 수질오염에 대한 영향이 크지 않았다. 또한 SLFS-2는 Ross & Miles법에 의한 거품생성 직후의 기포력이 포고 8mm로 나타났고, Ross & Clark법에 의한 기포력이 $30^{\circ}C$에서는 포고 300mm 이하로, $80^{\circ}C$에서는 15mm를 각각 나타내어 양호한 저기포성 정련제임이 입증되었다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.582-589
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• 1997

Experiments were conducted to develop foaming agents by using SLES and DH-l09EX as raw material. PG (Propylene glycol) and BC (Butyl cellusolve) were adopted as subsidiary material. The undiluted foam solution was produced with these materials. This solution determined the expansion ratio, viscosity, drainage time and extinguishing ability of the final product. The results indicate that the expansion ratio is over 16 and drainage time is over one minute. The extinguishing ability for SLES system was succeeded in the unit of B-0.5.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2017

Thermally expandable microspheres were used as post-treatment initiators of potassium persulfate, sodium bisulfite, and sodium sulfide in order to improve the foaming ability and whiteness when foaming a mixture of thermally expandable microsphers and poly(vinyl chloride). Potassium persulfate showed no significant influence on the foaming behavior, foam expansion, whiteness, and yellowing, whereas in the case of using sodium bisulfite. In particular, sodium bisulfite demonstrated the best efficiency with 2 wt% treatment. The thermally expandable microspheres prepared herein can provide excellent foamability and whiteness, and are expected to be applicable in various fields such as general coating and wallpaper.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.574-579
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• 2007

Porous $Al_2O_3$ ceramics were prepared by the gelcasting foams method (a slurry foaming process) with acrylamide monomer. The foaming and gelation behavior was investigated with the parameters such as the type and concentration of surfactant, solid loading of slurry, and the concentrations of initiator and catalyst. Density, porosity, microstructure, and strength of the green and sintered samples were characterized. Of the four kinds of surfactants tested, Triton X-114 showed the highest foaming ability for the solid loading of 55-30 vol%. The gelation condition giving the idle time off min was found to set the foamed structure without significant bubble enlargement and liquid lamella thinning. The green samples were fairly strong and machinable and showed maximum strength of 2.4 MPa in diametral compression. The sintered samples showed densities of 10-36% theoretical (i.e. porosity 90-64%) with a highly interconnected network of spherical pores with sizes ranging from 30 to $600{\mu}m$. The pore size and connectivity increased but the cell strut thickness decreased with decreasing the solid loading. Flexural strength of 37.8-1.7 MPa was obtained for the sintered samples.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.259-265
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• 1994

Sodium caseinate의 농도, 가열온도 및 pH가 거품성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 농도를 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 및 10.0%로, 열처리온도를 $55^{\circ}C$ 및 $65^{\circ}C$로, 그리고 pH를 6.0, 7.0 및 8.0으로 각각 조절하여 표면장력, 겉보기점도, 혼탁도, 거품형성능 및 거품안정성을 측정하였다. 표면장력은 농도, 열처리온도 및 pH에 따라 전체적으로 $0.0455{\sim}0.0496\;Nm^{-1}$로써 큰 변화가 없었고 겉보기점도는 농도 및 가열온도에 따라 pH 6.0, 7.0 및 8.0에서 각각 $0.0019{\sim}0.1050$, $0.0021{\sim}0.0440$ 및 $0.0022{\sim}0.0490Pa{\cdot}s$이었으며 혼탁도는 pH 6.0, 7.0 및 8.0에서 각각 $70.3{\sim}97.4$, $44.4{\sim}94.8$ 및 $36.6{\sim}93.9$이었다. 전 pH 영역을 통하여 가열온도에 따른 거품형성능의 증감은 있었으나 어떤 규칙적인 변화는 없었고 pH 6.0에서가 7.0 및 8.0 영역에서보다 거품형성능이 양호한 경향이었으며 거품형성능을 위한 적당한 단백질 농도는 $3.0{\sim}7.0%$이었다. 거품안정성은 전체적으로 10.0% 농도구에서, pH는 6.0 영역에서 가장 양호하였다. pH 6.0 및 7.0에서는 가열처리구가 대조구보다 거품안정성이 떨어지는 경향이었으나 pH 8.0의 10.0% 농도구의 경우는 모두 가열처리구가 대조구보다 안정성이 증가하였다(p<0.05). 표면장력, 겉보기점도 및 혼탁도의 증감에 따른 거품성의 규칙적인 변화는 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2001

Recently, there has been considerably interested in the development to new functional gemini type anionic surfactant, sodium bis-n-alkyl sulfonatosuccinate, had been synthesized through the addition reaction of sodium bisulfite to bis-n-alkyl maleate, in which water was azeotropically distilled by adding benzene to the reaction system, gave a good yield. All the surface activities including krafft point, surface tension, emulsion power and foaming were measure and cmc was evaluated in dilute solution. This results showed a lower ability in $27{\sim}30dyne/cm$ than single-chain surfactant with $32{\sim}35dyne/cm$ to surface tension. Also its cmc value much smaller in $(6.5{\sim}10){\times}10^{-4}mca{\ell}/{\ell}$ than single-chain surfactant with $(40{\sim}45){\times}10^{-4}mca{\ell}/{\ell}$ concentration. In foaming ability and foam stability of gemini surfactant had especially a good ability in approximately $100{\sim}150ml$, and in emulsing power they exhibited a good emulsing phase and stability, and Krafft points were $0{\sim}10^{\circ}C$.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1993

친수성 콜로이드를 식품에 유효하게 이용하기 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 sodium alginate, gum karaya 및 gum arabic 등 3종의 고무질을 sodium caseinate에 첨가하였을 때 이들이 거품성에 비피는 영향을 검토하였다. 표면장력은 pH 7.0(대조구, 43.9 dyne/cm)에서 고무질의 종류 및 농도에 따라 $43.7{\sim}44.7\;dyne/cm$이었으며 pH 8.0(대조구, 42.7 dyne/cm)에서는 $43.6{\sim}44.0\;dyne/cm$이었다. 비점도는 sodium alginate 첨가시 pH 7.0에서 0.2 및 0.3% 첨가하였을 때 각각 15.6 및 39.1로써 대조구(2.8)에서 보다 크게 증가하였으며 pH 8.0에서도 12.1 및 8.2로써 대조구(2.6)에서 보다 증가하였다. Gum karaya 첨가시는 pH 7.0에서 0.1, 0.2 및 0.3% 첨가농도에 따라 $3.3{\sim}10.7$로써 대조구(2.6)에서 보다 증가하였으며 pH 8.0에서도 농도에 따라 $3.4{\sim}4.4$로써 다소 증가하였다. 혼탁도는 pH 7.0(대조구, 69.0)에서 고무질의 종류 및 농도에 따라 $69.5{\sim}74.0$, pH 8.0(대조구, 67.0)에서 $68.0{\sim}72.5$이었다. 거품형성능은 전체적으로 고무질 첨가구가 대조구에서 보다 떨어졌으며, 전체적으로 보아 pH 8.0에서 보다 pH 7.0에서가 다소 양호하였다. 거품형성을 위한 고무질의 첨가농도 및 whipping 시간을 보면, 전체적으로 보아 sodium alginate의 경우 0.1% 및 15분, gum karaya는 0.2% 및 20분, 그리고 gum arabic은 0.1% 및 10분이 비교적 양호한 조건임을 알 수 있었다. 거품안정성은 pH 7.0에서 sodium alginate 및 gum karaya가 0.3%, pH 8.0에서는 0.2%가 적절한 첨가농도이었으며 pH 8.0보다 pH 7.0에서가 더 양호하였다. 전체적으로 보아, 표면장력, 점도 및 혼탁도의 증감에 따른 거품형성능 및 안정성의 뚜렷한 증감은 보이지 않았으나, 동일 pH 영역에서는 표면장력과 혼탁도가 낮으면 거품형성능이 높아지고, 점도가 높으면 거품안정성이 증진되는 경향이 있었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.991-996
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• 2004

Plastics are widely used in industry, because they are light, easily manufactured, and have high specific strength. And many researches to increase the strengths and to reduce the price are being conducted at now. One of these researches is concerning to additives. Foaming techniques are used to endow insulation properties, to improve specific strength, or reduce the material cost. Due to their unique properties, foamed plastics are applied to refrigerator, pipe, and insulators. Micro-cellular foaming is the latest foaming technique that was invented at 1980 in MIT. It is known that many tiny small cells are generated in the polymer matrices and micro-cellular foamed plastics show relatively high specific strength. We investigated the role of CaCO3 which is one of the most widely used additives in plastics industry as an additive for nucleation in view of cell morphology. CaCO3 used in this paper was treated to increase the dispersibility and to lower the density, so it has many pores at his body. Two experiments were conducted, in order to check the role of an additive for nucleation. One is compound-ability and the other one is role of nucleation agents.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2004

The effect of commercial Doenjangs (Korean soybean pastes) on sponge cake making was studied. When Doenjang was added to e99 foams at levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20%, there were no big differences in viscosity or stability of egg foams up to 15%, and thus in cake volume index, compared to those of control (without Doenjang). In the results of preference rank test, cake with 10% Doenjang was preferred to the other cakes. Therefore, it was decided that the addition of 10% Doenjang was suitable for sponge cake making. When seven commercial Doenjang products were used at 10%, there were differences in physical and sensory properties. The decreased viscosity of egg foams reduced their stability and so decreased the quality of the sponge cakes with low volume index and low texture scores. The use of Doenjangs improved the flavor of sponge cake and so countervailed the undesirable egg flavor. Especially, “C” Doenjang product, which increased the viscosity and stability of egg foams, produced good foaming ability and the highest physical and sensory quality, thus the higher overall acceptable scores than the control. It was probably due to its high amount of protein hydrolysate above 10-KDa. Consequently, the suitable amount of Doenjang was fixed at 10% and “C” Doenjang product was chosen as the best among the commercial products for sponge cake making.