• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2000

The distribution of barbiturates in the model membranes of total lipids (SPMVTL) and total phospholipids (SPMVPL) extracted from synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles was determined by employing a fluorescent probe technique. The two fluorescent probes 2-(9-anthroyl)stearic acid and 12-(9-anthroyl)stearic acid were utilized as probes for the surface and the hydrocarbon interior of the outer monolayer of the SPMVTL and SPMVPL, respectively. The Stern-Volmer equation of fluorescent quenching was modified to calculate the relative distribution. The analysis of preferential quenching of these probes by barbiturates indicates that pentobarbital, hexobarbital, amobarbital and phenobarbital are predominantly distributed on the surface area, while thiopental sodium has an accessibility to the hydrocarbon interior of the outer monolayer of the SPMVTL and SPMVPL. From these results, it is strongly suggested that the more effective penetration into the hydrocarbon interior of the outer monolayer of the membrane lipid bilayer could result in a higher general anesthetic activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.658-665
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• 2009

Quality control QC for spot-uniformity is a critical point in fabricating an oligonucleotide array, and quantification of targets is very important in array analysis. We developed two new types of QC probes as a means of confirming the quality of the uniformity of attached probes and the quantification of targets. We compared the signal intensities and fluorescent images of the QC and target-specific probes of arrays containing only target-specific probes and those containing both QC and target-specific probes. In a comparison of quality control methods, it was found that the arrays containing QC probes could check spot-uniformity or spot defects during all processes of array fabrication, including after spotting, after washing, and after hybridization. In a comparison of quantification results, the array fabricated by the method using QC probes showed linear and regular results because it was possible to normalize variations in spot size and morphology and amount of attached probe. This method could avoid errors originating in probe concentration and spot morphology because it could be normalized by QC probes. There were significant differences in the signal intensities of all mixtures (P<0.05). This result indicates that the method using QC probes is more useful than the ordinary method for quantification of mixed target. In the quantification of mixed targets, this method could determine a range for mixed targets of various amounts. Our results suggest that methods using QC probes for array fabrication are very useful to the quality control of spots in the fabrication processes of quantitative oligonucleotide arrays.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2016

It is increasingly apparent that nature evolved peroxiredoxins not only as $H_2O_2$ scavengers but also as highly sensitive $H_2O_2$ sensors and signal transducers. Here we ask whether the $H_2O_2$ sensing role of Prx can be exploited to develop probes that allow to monitor intracellular $H_2O_2$ levels with unprecedented sensitivity. Indeed, simple gel shift assays visualizing the oxidation of endogenous 2-Cys peroxiredoxins have already been used to detect subtle changes in intracellular $H_2O_2$ concentration. The challenge however is to create a genetically encoded probe that offers real-time measurements of $H_2O_2$ levels in intact cells via the Prx oxidation state. We discuss potential design strategies for Prx-based probes based on either the redoxsensitive fluorophore roGFP or the conformation-sensitive fluorophore cpYFP. Furthermore, we outline the structural and chemical complexities which need to be addressed when using Prx as a sensing moiety for $H_2O_2$ probes. We suggest experimental strategies to investigate the influence of these complexities on probe behavior. In doing so, we hope to stimulate the development of Prx-based probes which may spearhead the further study of cellular $H_2O_2$ homeostasis and Prx signaling.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2004

We tried to isolating a noble gene from cucumber library with heterogeneouse RNA probe labeled DIG of Arabidopsis PIN3 gene. Two kinds of RNA probes which had no significant homology each others, were designed from the 5'- and 3'- prime nucleotides of the AtPIN3 gene. In the first and second screenings of the cDNA library of cucumber with the probes, two positive clones were identified with specific duplicate signals. However, we isolated cDNA fragments homologous with putative nucleases from Nicotiana, Arabidopsis, Cordialis, and Oryza sativa, there was no significant homology with any other PIN family genes.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.177-181
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• 2020

Dual-modality imaging strategy using near-infrared fluorescence (FLI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) demands a suitable probe to enable dual-modular signal production. Herein, we demonstrate a synthetic protocol of small molecular dye for dual-modular FLI and PAI. A condensation reaction between squaric acid and carboxypentyl benzoindolium, and followed by basic hydrolysis to give the benzoindole derived squaraine (BSQ) dye in 49% yield. Next, the carboxylic acid group of BSQ was further functionalized with N-hydroxysuccinimide or azide group for an efficient conjugation with a targeting biomolecule. BSQ showed a maximum fluorescent emission at around 680 nm and the photoacoustic signal reached a maximum intensity at 680-700 nm. Based on these results, we conclude that BSQ analogs will be useful probes for dual-modular (FLI/PAI) imaging studies in animal models.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1221-1223
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• 2007

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.51
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• pp.12.1-12.12
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• 2021

Intravital video microscopy permits the observation of microcirculatory blood flow. This often requires fluorescent probes to visualize structures and dynamic processes that cannot be observed with conventional bright-field microscopy. Conventional light microscopes do not allow for simultaneous bright-field and fluorescent imaging. Moreover, in conventional microscopes, only one type of fluorescent label can be observed. This study introduces multispectral intravital video microscopy, which combines bright-field and fluorescence microscopy in a standard light microscope. The technique enables simultaneous real-time observation of fluorescently-labeled structures in relation to their direct physical surroundings. The advancement provides context for the orientation, movement, and function of labeled structures in the microcirculation.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.62-73
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• 2015

We developed an evans blue-indocyanine green-$^{99m}Tc$-human serum albumin conjugate for sentinel lymph node mapping and we describe its unique potential usage for clinical implications. This conjugate has combined the strengths of visible blue dye, near-infrared fluorescence and radioisotope into one single conjugate without any additional weakness/disadvantage. All the components of evans blue-indocyanine green-$^{99m}Tc$-human serum albumin are safe and of low cost, and they have already been clinically used. This conjugate was stable in the serum, it showed a long retention time in the lymphatic system and the lymph nodes showed a much higher signal-to-noise ratio after the conjugate was injected intradermally into the paw of mice. Both the single-photon emission computed tomography and near-infrared fluorescent images of the mice were successfully obtained at the same time as the excised sentinel lymph nodes showed blue color. The visual color, near-infrared fluorescence and gamma ray from this agent could be complementary for each other in all the steps of sentinel lymph node sampling: exploring and planning sentinel lymph node before excision with visualization of the exact sentinel lymph node location during an operation. Therefore, the triple modal agent will possibly be very ideal for sentinel lymph node mapping because of the high signal-to-noise ratio for non-invasive imaging and its complementary multimodal nature, easy preparation and safety. It is promising for clinical applications and it may have great advantages over the traditional single modal methods.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.228-230
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• 2005

The denature polyacrylamide gel stain silver nitrate is used for routine nucleic acid detection. More sensitive stains, such as Vistra Green, SYBR Green are available to address a broad range of DNA applications requiring lower detection limits in polyacrylamide gel formats. Gel Scanners, laser-scanning instruments, provide sensitive fluorescence detection of DNA gel stains. We established one step fluorescent impregnation enhanced sensitivity with simple, rapid and low cost. We have applied this fluorescent staining procedure for the routine analysis of DNA profiles generated by SSR amplification.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.121-127
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• 2001

Seven cyanobacteria strains (Anabaena macrospora NIERl0016, Oscillatoria sp. NIER10042, Microcystis aeruginosa NIER10015, M. ichtyoblabe BIER10025, BIER10040, M. novacekii NIER10029, M. wesenbergii NIER10068) were tested with four rRNA - targeted oligonucleotide probes labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and specific for cyanobacteria. Non- fluorescent detection of hybridization signal was used. The hybridization with artificial mixture of cyanobacteria have shown the possibility to use 2 species-specific probes in duplicate hybridization and detection with different colored substrates.