• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 1991

Barbiturates are commonly abused tranquilizer and a rapid method to determine these drugs in biological samples is needed. In this study, was screened barbiturates in urine specimens by the fluorescence polarization immunoassay method(FPIA) and the positive samples were confirmed and identified by the more definitive GC/MS method. Fifteen positive smples which have barbiturate values higher than 0.5 ng/ml were analyzed by the GC/MS method. Eight samples were identified as phenobarbital and five samples were identified as crotilbarbitone.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
• /
• pp.172.3-173
• /
• 2002

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 1991

We developed a simple method to determine benzodiazepines in biological samples using electron capature detectors and nitrogen-phosphorous detectors. The extraction of 13 benezodiazepines in urine at pH 9.5 with toluene and its analysis in GC/NPD showed the peaks in 9-16 min. In this retention time range, the biological backaground was fairly low and the drugs could be identified in low concentrations. The benzodiazepines in urine samples were screened by the fluorescence polarization immunoassay and positive samples were confirmed by the GC/NPD method.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2001년도 Proceedings of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
• /
• pp.225.1-225.1
• /
• 2001

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.1006-1013
• /
• 2006

식품안전에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있는 현재, 생물학적 화학적 위해요소로 분류되고 있고, 현재 많은 나라에서 규제치를 설정하고 있는 곰팡이 독소인 ochratoxin A(OTA)에 대한 정량적 측정이 가능한 고속검색법을 개발 하고자 단클론성 항체를 이용하여, 측정시 분리과정이 필요 없는 형광편광면역분석법(FPIA)을 개발하고 최적화 시켰다. 동일구조를 가지는 형광물질 표식자인 OTA-EDF를 합성하여 OTA에 대한 특이항체와 경쟁반응을 시켜 나타나는 형광-편광도(mP)의 변화를 측정하였다. 이는 면역분석법의 특이성과 민감성을 충분히 만족하였다. OTA의 검출범위는 0.5-200 ng/ml였고, 검출한계는 0.3 ng/ml였다. 개발된 분석법은 다른 곰팡이 독소들과의 교차반응은 없었고 높은 특이성과 재현성 및 회수율을 나타내었다. HPLC 방법에 의한 회수율은 88-84%로 다소낮게, FPlA법의 회수율은 90-110%로 다소 높게 나타났다. 16점의 현미시료를 분석하였을 때, 2점이 상관관계가 높게 12-20 ppb 정도 오염된 것으로 나타났다. 4점은 FPIA 및 HPLC 모두에서 음성으로 판정되었다. 개발된 FPIA는 복잡한 전처리 방법이 필요 없는 신속한 검색이 가능하므로, 식품 및 환경에서의 OTA 잔류 검사에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제84권3호
• /
• pp.226-236
• /
• 2021

Background: Although the Quidel Sofia rapid influenza fluorescent immunoassay (FIA) is widely used to identify influenza A and B, the diagnostic accuracy of this test remains unclear. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of this test compared to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and a hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic curve (HSROC) of this test for identifying influenza A and B were determined using meta-analysis. A sensitivity subgroup analysis was performed to identify potential sources of heterogeneity within selected studies. Results: We identified 17 studies involving 8,334 patients. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR of the Quidel Sofia rapid influenza FIA for identifying influenza A were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-0.83), 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98-0.99), and 251.26 (95% CI, 139.39-452.89), respectively. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR of this test for identifying influenza B were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.60-0.82), 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96-0.99), and 140.20 (95% CI, 55.92-351.54), respectively. The area under the HSROC for this test for identifying influenza A was similar to that for identifying influenza B. Age was considered a probable source of heterogeneity. Conclusion: Pooled sensitivities of the Quidel Sofia rapid influenza FIA for identifying influenza A and B did not quite meet the target level (≥80%). Thus, caution is needed when interpreting data of this study due to substantial betweenstudy heterogeneity.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.28-31
• /
• 1996

The in vitro inactivation of gentamicin and tobramycin by four cephalosporins (cefotetan, cefuroxime, cefodizime, cefotiam) in human serum was investigated. Each cephalosporin was added to human serum samples containing gentamicin sulfate or tobramycin sulfate. Blank samples containing only aminoglycosides were used as controls. Samples were stored at -20, 4 and $25^{\circ}C$ and were analyzed for aminoglycoside concentrations by fluorescence polarization immunoassay ($TDxFLx^{TM}$ system) at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after mixing. The serum containing cefotiam stored at $25^{\circ}C$ showed significant inactivation of gentamicin by $12\%$ at 72 hours. The results indicate that cefotitan, cefuroxime and cefodizime do not inactivate gentamicin and tobramycin while cefotiam inactivates gentamicin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.598-603
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of weight with gentamicin assay error on the Bayesian and nonlinear least squares regression analysis in 12 Korean appen dicitis patients. Gentamicin was administered intravenously over 0.5 h every 8 h. Three specimens were collected at 48 h after the first dose from all patients at the following times, just before regularly scheduled infusion, at 0.5 h and 2 h after the end of 0.5 h infusion. Serum gentamicin levels were analyzed by fluorescence polarization immunoassay technique with TDxFLx. The standard deviation (SD) of the assay over its working range had been determined at the serum gentamicin concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 ${\mu}g$/mL in quadruplicate. The polynominal equation of gentamicin assay error was found to be SD (${\mu}g$/mL) = 0.0246-(0.0495C)+ (0.00203C$^2$). There were differences in the influence of weight with gentamicin assay error on pharmacokinetic parameters of gentamicin using the nonlinear least squares regression analysis but there were no differences on the Bayesian analysis. This polynominal equation can be used to improve the precision of fitting of pharmacokinetic models to optimize the process of model simulation both for population and for individualized pharmacokinetic models. The result would be improved dosage regimens and better, safer care of patients receiving gentamicin.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제57권1호
• /
• pp.32-36
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of assay error for improved pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation of vancomycin on the Bayesian and nonlinear least squares regression analysis in 24 Korean gastric cancer patients. Vancomycin 1.0 g was administered intravenously over 1 hr every 12 hr. Three specimens were collected at 72 hr after the first dose from all patients at the following times, at 0.5 hr before regularly scheduled infusion, at 0.5 hr and 2 hr after the end of 1 hr infusion. Serum vancomycin levels were analyzed by fluorescence polarization immunoassay technique with TDX-FLX. The standard deviation (SD) of the assay over its working range had been determined at the serum vancomycin concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and $120{\mu}g/ml$ in quadruplicate. The polynomial equation of vancomycin assay error was found to be SD $({\mu}g/ml)=0.0224+0.0540C+0.00173C^2$ ($R^2=0.935$). There were differences in the influence of weight with vancomycin assay error on pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin using the nonlinear least squares regression analysis but there were no differences on the Bayesian analysis. This polynomial equation can be used to improve the precision of fitting of pharmacokinetic models to optimize the process of model simulation both for population and for individualized pharmacokinetic models. The result suggests the improvement of dosage regimens for the better and safer care of patients receiving vancomycin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.385-390
• /
• 1995

The analytical methods for the analysis of cyclosporine (CsA), a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and HPLC method, were compared in a pharmacokinetic study of two CsA soft capsule formultaions ($Sandimmun^{\circledR}$; Sandoz, $Implanta^{\circledR}$; Hanmi). Sixteen healthy volunteers completed the study and each subjected single doses ($4{\tiems}100$ mg) of the test and the reference formulations in a two-way crossover design with a one-week drug-free interval between doses. Following each administration, whole blood concentrations of CsA were monitored over a period of 24 hour by both FPIA and HPLC methods. Blood concentrations nad pharmacokinetic parameters determined by either analytical method showed large intersubject variation, with the FPIA data showing relatively higher magnitude of intersubjecte variation than the HPLC data. The blood concentrations determined by FPIA were 1.1-1.3 times higher than those determined by HPLC. There were strong and significant correlations between the two methods (r>0.83 : p<0.0001). Intersubuject variation for the $AUC_{inf}{\;}and{\;}AUC_{24hr}$ of the test formulation was slightly reduced without statistical significance (paried -t test : p>0.05 $t_{max}$ was earlier nad $C_{max}$ was slightly lower for the test formulation, $AUC_{24h}, {\;}C_{max}, {\;}T_{max}$ and MRT determined separately from the data obtained by the two methods for the two formulations were examined by analyses of variance (ANOVA) for the bioequivalency evaluation. Results of ANOVA and confidence limits of terst/reference ratios of $AUC_{24th}$, $C_{max}$, $t_{max}$ and MRT, and statistical tests indicated the bioequivalence of the two formulations (i.e., test/reference ratio was within $100{\times}20%$) except for $C_{max}$ and $t_{max}$. The mean of tmax also showed 11.1% and 9.3% differences but the detection limit were 29.2% and 29.6% as determined by FPIA and HPLC resepctively. This experiments suggest that the data yielded for the two formulations demonstrated that they were bioequivalent.