• 한국연소학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2007

In order to enhance combustion efficiency, oxygen-enriched combustion is used by increasing the oxygen ratio in the oxidizer. However, since the flame temperature increases, NOx formation in the furnace seriously increases for low oxygen enrichment ratio. In this case, reburning is a useful technology for reducing nitric oxide. In this research, experimental studies have been conducted to evaluate the hybrid effects of reburning/selective non-catalytic reaction (SNCR) and reburning/air staging on NOx formation and also to examine heat transfer characteristics in various oxygen-enriched LPG flames. Experiments were performed in flames stabilized by a co-flow swirl burner, which were mounted at the bottom of the furnace. Tests were conducted using LPG gas as main fuel and also as reburn fuel. The paper reported data on flue gas emissions, temperature distribution in furnace and various heat fluxes at the wall for a wide range of experimental conditions. Overall temperature in the furnace, heat fluxes to the wall and NOx generation were observed to increase by low level oxygen-enriched combustion, but due to its hybrid effects of reburning, SNCR and Air staging, NOx concentration in the exhaust have decreased considerably.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2003

High temperature air combustion technology has been utilized by using preheated air over 1100 K and excessive exhaust gas recirculation. Numerical analysis was performed to investigate the combustion characteristics with high temperature deficient oxygen air combustion by adopting a counterflow as a model problem accounting for detailed chemical kinetics. Methane($CH_4$) was used as a test fuel and calculated oxidizer conditions were low temperature high oxygen (300K, $X_{O2}=0.21$) and high temperature low oxygen (1300K, $X_{O2}=0.04$) conditions. The latter case showed that the flame temperature is lower than the former case and its profile showed monotonic decrease from oxidizer to fuel side, without having local maximum flame temperature at high stretch rate. Also, heat release rate was one order lower and it has one peak profile because of low oxygen concentration and heat release rate integral is almost same for stretch rate. High temperature low oxygen air combustion shows low NO emission characteristics.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 영호남학술대회 논문집
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• pp.203-206
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• 2000

In this experiment, an attempt to use pellets($BaTiO_3$, $TiO_2$, ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$, sludge) for $NO_x$ removal was conducted The effect of pellets on NO removal from simulated flue gas was experimentally investigated for packed-bed reactor of plate-plate geometry. An experimental investigation has been conducted for NO concentration of 50ppm balanced by air, and gas flow rate of $5{\ell}/min$. Ceramic pellets were used for surface discharge and the sludge pellets was added on $BaTiO_3$ and $TiO_2$ to increase $NO_x$ removal rate. In the result, $NO_x$ removal rate using $TiO_2$ was better than other pellets. $NO_2$ segnificatly generated by using $BaTiO_3$ pellets and sludge pellets used with $BaTiO_3$ decreased $NO_2$ generation.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.788-795
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• 2006

From the view of the environmental protection against the use of fossil fuels, the great of efforts have been exerted to find an effective method which is not only pollutant reduction but also high thermal efficiency. Reburning is a useful technology in reducing nitric oxide through injection of a secondary hydrocarbon fuel. In this paper, an experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the hybrid effects of reburning and selective non-catalytic reaction (SNCR) on $NO_x/CO$ reduction from oxygen-enriched LPG flame. Experiments were performed in flames stabilized by a co-flow swirl burner, which was mounted at the bottom of the furnace. Tests were conducted using LPG gas as main fuel and also as reburn fuel. The paper reported data on flue gas emissions, temperature distribution in furnace and various heat fluxes at the wall for a wide range of experimental conditions. Overall temperature in the furnace, heat fluxes to the wall and $NO_x$ generation were observed to increase by oxygen-enriched combustion, but due to its hybrid effects of reburning and SNCR, $NOx/CO$ concentration in the downstream has considerably decreased.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2016

Porous $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membranes were successfully prepared by dry-wet spinning/sintering method. The SEM image shows that the $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membrane consists mostly of sponge pore structure. The contact angle and the breakthrough pressure were $126^{\circ}$ and 1.91 bar, respectively. This results indicate that the $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membranes were successfully modified to hydrophobic surface. The hydrophobic modified $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membranes were assembled into a membrane contactor system to separate $CO_2$ from a model gas mixture of the flue gas at elevated gas velocity. The $CO_2$ absorption flux was enhanced when the gas velocity increased from $1{\times}10^{-3}$ to $6{\times}10^{-3}$ m/s. Whereas the $CO_2$ absorption flux was decreased with the number of hollow fiber membrane of a module because of the concentration polarization. Furthermore, we developed an lab-scale $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membrane contactor modules and their system (i.e., $CO_2$ absorption using the $Al_2O_3$ membrane and monoethanolamine (MEA)) that could dispose of over $0.02Nm^3/h$ mixture gas (15% $CO_2$) with the removal efficiency higher than 95%. The results can be useful in a field of the membrane contactor for $CO_2$ separation, helping to design and extend a equipment.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.149-154
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• 2001

The emission characteristics, flame stability, the composition of the flame zone and temperature profile were studied experimentally. The compositions of oxydant were varied by substituting $N_2$ with $CO_2$ at the constant $O_2$ concentration. Results showed that flame became unstable due to the high heat capacity, low transport rate and strong radiation effect of $CO_2$ in comparison with those of $N_2$. The reaction zone was cooled, broadened, as the conversion ratio of $CO_2$ to $N_2$ was increased. Temperature has a large effect on the NOx emission. The concentration of NOx in flue gas decreased due to the decreased temperature of reaction zone. It was also shown that the reaction was delayed by the cooling effect. As the conversion ratio of $CO_2$ to $N_2$ was increased, the emission of CO and the higher temperature zone increased due to the decrease of reaction rate by the cooling effect.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1755-1762
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• 1998

In order to minimize emission of polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDD/PCDFs) from municipal solid waste incinerators, it is important to maintain optimized operating conditions along with the system modification/improvement. Operating conditions of MSW incinerator make very complicated influence on formation of PCDD/PCDFs in each unit apparatus. For revealing these influences, concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs are measured from the stack and from the fly ash, while monitoring the plant operating conditions. The effects are grouped into 3 main categories, combustion conditions, de Novo synthesis effects, and adsorption/destruction effects in the flue gas treatment system. Interpretation of the results showed that de Novo synthesis effect, reformation by metalic catalyst, especially Cu in fly ash in the temperature range of $250{\sim}500^{\circ}C$, is found to influence most dominantly on the concentration of PCDD/PCDFs. A plausible mathmatical model for predicting concentration of PCDD/PCDFs is proposed, and discussed.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.154-165
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• 2018

During the process of sulfur dioxide removal, flue gas desulfurization equipment provides a serious internal corrosion environment in creating sulfuric acid dew point corrosion. Therefore, the utilities must use the excellent corrosion resistance of steel desulfurization facilities in the atmosphere. Until now, the trend in developing anti-sulfuric acid steels was essentially the addition of Cu, in order to improve the corrosion resistance. The experimental alloy used in this study is Fe-0.03C-1.0Mn-0.3Si-0.15Ni-0.31Cu alloys to which Ru, Zn and Ta were added. In order to investigate the effect of $H_2SO_4$ concentration and the alloying elements, chemical and electrochemical corrosion tests were performed. In a low concentration of $H_2SO_4$ solution, the major factor affecting the corrosion rate of low alloy steels was the exchange current density for $H^+/H_2$ reaction, while in a high concentration of $H_2SO_4$ solution, the major factors were the thin and dense passive film and resulting passivation behavior. The alloying elements reducing the exchange current density in low concentration of $H_2SO_4$, and the alloying elements decreasing the passive current density in high concentration of $H_2SO_4$, together play an important role in determining the corrosion rate of Cu-bearing low alloy steels in a wide range of $H_2SO_4$ solution.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2007

현재 국내 화력발전소에서 운영중인 일부 배연탈황설비는 건설비 절감을 위해 설계시 여유율을 축소하여 비정상상태에 대응이 어렵고, 노후화 등으로 탈황효율이 저하하는 등 일부의 문제점이 제기되고 있다. 이러한 문제점에 대응하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 흡수액의 pH, 입구 $SO_2$ 농도, 운전 단수 변경 및 liquid distribution ring (LDR) 등의 탈황설비의 운전 조건 변경에 따른 탈황율을 검토하였으며, sulfite 이온 및 Al/Fx 이온이 석회석의 blinding에 미치는 효과에 대해 실험하였다. 흡수액 재순환 펌프를 3대 운전하였을 때는 2대 운전했을 때와 비교하여 탈황율이 최대 12% 향상하였고, LDR을 설치함에 따라 탈황효은 약 2~7%가 향상하였다. Limestone blinding 현상이 발생한 흡수액에 dibasic acid (DBA)를 500, 1,000 ppm 주입하였을 때 흡수액 용존산소가 0.5 ppm 이상 증가하며, limestone blinding 현상을 완화하였다. 흡수액 중에 $Al^{3+}$, F- 이온이 공존한 경우 석회석 용해속도는 20% 감소하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.46-57
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• 2006

폐기물고형연료(RDF : Resused Derived Fuel)를 연료로 하는 연소기술의 개발을 위하여 기포유동층 연소로와 순환유동층 연소로, 연속연소식 연소로, 회분식 연소로 등 다양한 연소장치를 이용하여 연소 특성실험을 하였다. 여러 종류의 연소설비에서 RDF의 연소 및 배출가스 특성을 비교, 분석하였으며 RDF 전용 연소설비에 대하여 보다 깊은 연구의 기초 자료로 활용하자고 하였다. 기포 유동층 및 순환유동층연소로에서는 적정투입량과 가스공탑속도등 적정운전조건에 따라 안정적인 연소가 이루어지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 순환유동층 연소로에서 연소조건에 따라 연료 중의 질소성분과 연소공기 중의 산소와의 반응이 커져서 NOx의 농도가 높아지는 것을 알 수 있었으며 $SO_2$는 매우 낮은 농도로 측정되어 RDF의 유동층 연소시 거의 발생하지 않는 것으로 판단되었으며, HCl의 경우 평균 36.4ppm으로 배출허용기준치보다는 낮으나 저감대책이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 연속연소식 연소로와 회분식 연소로의 경우 성형 RDF와 fluff RDF를 비교 실험한 결과 높은 밀도를 가진 성형 RDF의 연소가 안정적인 열회수 측면에서 더 유리한 것을 알 수 있었으며 배가스 특성은 비슷한 값을 나타내었으며 배출가스 특성은 비슷하였다.